THE RATE AND CAUSES OF INFANT MORTALITY

ABSTRACT

This study investigated The Rate and Causes of Infant Mortality. The study was carried out in Irrua Teaching Hospital, Edo state, Nigeria. A reconnaissance survey was carried out in order to identify the various locations of hospitals in the LGAs. During the reconnaissance survey, oral interviews were carried out on women of child bearing age. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the study area, with up to date medical records of infant and child mortality. Stepwise Regression Analysis was used to model the spatial pattern of these changes in the mortality trend of Edo State. A total of 386 questionnaires were retrieved out of 400 questionnaires administered on 400 respondents (96.5%).

The major findings of the study reveal that major cause of morbidity in the study area is malaria (26.9%), major causes of death in the study area are malaria (30.1%) and it also showed that 39% of the children are within the ages of 0-1year. Mortality also varies with the marital status of the respondent, where the high rate of mortality was experienced by mothers who are married but not living with their husbands and widows. The major factors that determined mortality in the study area is distance to the health facility. Evidence from the hospital survey showed that the level of under-five mortality in Edo state has remained high since the past 10 years with an estimated U5MR of 163/1,000 live births even after considering a myriad of factors, including heterogeneity in study design. The study further recommended that Edo State Government should bring health services nearer to the communities especially in Irrua community so that mothers will have access to both during pregnancy and after. The impact of delivery a child with the help of a medical professional is enormous.

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1 Background Of The Study

According to the medical dictionary, infant is a child during his or her first year of life till 5 years old of life. Then, infant mortality is the number of death which occurs among the young once. Infant mortality rate which is also known as (IMR) correlates very strongly with life expectancy t birth by region and is among the best predictors of state failure.

IMR is therefore also a very useful indicator of a country level of health development and is a component of the physical quality of life index.

Due to the improvement in the care and general management of diseases among the children and the prevention of this diseases which has lead to a better life for the infant, and some common challenges infancy is now the subject of this project. The diseases accounting for infant mortality is statistically analyzed carefully.

The study of infant mortality is of great economic, social, political and cultural importance for the determination of future population in humanity.

Also, this research gives the life expectancy at birth, which to a great extent helps in making population projection. The most important among the population policies are fundamentally related to those of health and mortality.

In Edo state Irrua comprises of towns and also with a great population. The entire infant mortality rate in this project covers both male and female.

Irrua specialist teaching hospital comprises of several unit, which includes; the administrative unit the medical unit, the medical unit, and the general nursing unit.

For the study of infant mortality, we refer to infant (children between the ages of 0-5) years of life. The death that may occur between this early years receives more attention since infant mortality takes a relatively heavy toll on life, both a fair and low death rate implies a substantial number of infant death because infant contains large portion of total population.

1.2 Statement Of The Problem

This research work is being carried out to detect the rate of infant mortality (IMR)

In Edo state using Irrua specialist teaching hospital as a case study and to know the causes of this mortality and the most common killer diseases of infants that has taken place in Irrua specialist teaching hospital as a case study.

1.3 Research Hypothesis:

HO; There is a significant difference between the rate of male infant mortality and female infant.

HI; There is no significant difference between the rate of male infant mortality and female infant.

1.4 Significance Of The Study

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the total number of death that occurred from 2005-20010 in Irrua local government area.

Also, the study shows which among the male and female infant are mostly affected by this death.

The study also looks at the diagnosis of the diseases that constitutes to the infant mortality.

1.5 Scope Of The Study

Though the topic of this research is a wide topic (an analysis of infant mortality) as a result, it infant mortality will mainly be taken into account.

Therefore the scope of this study is restricted on Irrua west local government in Edo state. The decision to particularize the research in Irrua is due to the respect of infant. Mortality problem in this town with the statistical test that will be carried out on the effect will give the suggestion and valid inferences will be made to reduce this infant mortality rate.

This project is limited to Irrua specialist teaching hospital due to the data collected from it well organized recording department.

1.6 Limitation

Lack of finance which is the most common problem a researcher will encounter in carrying out a research constitutes the inability of getting more information from one place to another to collect this data.

The method adopted in collecting this data is secondary which may subject to no or little error.

Though, to collect the data is not an easy job but with all the effort put together, it was possible to achieve.

1.7 Definition Of Terms

Still birth:

Still birth is a situation was by a baby is born dead.

NEO Natal death:

This is the death of babies after birth.

Pre-Natal mortality:

This is the period of the early death that starts from Festus too late birth before birth takes place.

Exogenous death:

These are the death caused by external factors such as accident.

Endogenous death:

These are the death caused by physical factors such as illness of any sort.

Lactation:

This is the period in which mothers/nursing mothers breast feed their babies.

Live birth:

The world health organization (WHO) defines live birth as any born human being who demonstrate independent signs of life including breathing, heartbeat, umbilical cord pulsations

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background Of The Study
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Study Objectives
1.4 Significance Of The Study
1.5 Study Questions/Hypotheses
1.6 Scope And Limitation Of The Study
1.7 Definition Of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
Review Of Related And Relevant Literature
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Conceptual Clarifications
2.3 Theoretical Studies
2.4 Empirical Studies
2.5 Related Literatures
CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Study Area
3.3 Sources Of Data
3.4 Population Of The Study
3.5 Sample Size Determination
3.6 Instrumentation
3.7 Reliability And Validity Of Instrument
3.8 Method Of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Presentation, Analysis And Interpretation
4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Data Interpretation
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Conclusion And Recommendation
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES

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