SENSORY AND PRODUCTION EVALUATION OF COMPOSITE JAM PRODUCED FROM FOUR DIFFERENT TROPICAL FRUITS
ABSTRACT
Jam is a mixture of fruit (Apple, Pineapple, Orange and Banana) boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. It is often spread on bread, biscuit and ice-cream. The aim of the study is to determine the Production process of jam from Apple, Pineapple, Orange and Banana. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to produce composite jam using four different tropical fruit; Apple, Pineapple, Orange and Banana, and evaluate the general acceptability of composite jam. Fruits are difficult to keep for a considerable length of time, thus ripe fruits are utilized either as fresh fruit or processed into jam and other types of products. Most fruits are perishable in their natural state after harvest; deterioration sets in almost immediately due to metabolic activities which continue even after harvest. The perishable nature makes it difficult to store and preserve fruits; hence, there is gradual loss of flavor and nutritional value. Large quantities of fruits are produced and wasted in Nigeria and many other developing tropical countries. The combination of Apple, Pineapple, Orange and Banana help to enhance the nutritional composition, the colour and flavor of the jam and these fruits are rich in antioxidant, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, many essential B-complex Vitamin such as folic acid which helps in production of a highly nutritive jam.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Jam is a mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. It is often spread on bread, biscuit and ice-cream. Bread and biscuit are types of food made from flour and water that is mixed together and then baked (Longman Dictionary). Jam is a type of fruit preserve (Wiktionary, 2021).
Fruit jams are preserved fruits and sugar normally canned or sealed for long-term storage. Jam making, involves the disruption of the fruits tissues followed by heating with added water and sugar to activate its pectin before being put into containers. The sugar and the fruits used in producing jam varies according to the type of fruit and its ripeness. When the temperature of the mixture reaches 104oc the acid and the pectin reacts with the sugar (Jones and Layner 2003).
Normally, jam preparation requires the addition of commercial or natural pectin as a gelling agent (Madhave and Pushpalatha, 2002). The use of ingredients and how the jams are prepared actually determine the type of jam produced. Jams are one of the most popular food products because of their low cost, all year long availability and organoleptic properties (Galkowska and Zagorska, 2010). Traditionally, jams were first produced as an effort to preserve fruits during off-season for consumption.
Nevertheless, processed product such as jams tend to have low nutritional values when compared to fresh fruits for an example, jam normally have lower Vitamin C content compared to the fresh fruits. This is due to exposure to the heat generated during processing (Jawaheer et al, 2013). Fruit such as lemon, apples, cranberries, banana, pineapple and orange are used in production of jam (Burkill, 1997).
Apple fruit is one of the most popular and favorite fruit among the health conscious, fitness lovers who firmly believe in the concept or health is wealth”. Apple fruit is packed with rich phytonutrients, which in the true sense is indispensable for optimal health. Certain antioxidants in apple have several promoting and disease preventive properties, and thereby, truly justifying the adage, “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” (Nutrition, 2016).
Banana fruit is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows from the underground rhizome. It flourishes well under tropical, moisture-rich, humid, low-lying farmlands. Banana fruit is composed of soft, easily digestible flesh made up of simple sugars like fructose and sucrose that upon consumption instantly replenishes energy and revitalizes the body. It is also one of the recommended supplement food included in the treatment plan for under-nourished children.
1.2 Statement of Problems
Fruits are difficult to keep for a considerable length of time, thus ripe fruits are utilized either as fresh fruit or processed into jam and other types of products. Most fruits are perishable in their natural state after harvest; deterioration sets in almost immediately due to metabolic activities which continue even after harvest.
The perishable nature makes it difficult to store and preserve fruits, hence, there is gradual loss of flavor and nutritional value. Large quantities of fruits are produced and wasted in Nigeria and many other developing tropical countries.
1.3 Aims and Objective of Study
The aim of the study is to determine the Production process of jam from Apple, Pineapple, Orange and Banana. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To produce composite jam using four different tropical fruit; Apple, Pineapple, Orange and Banana.
- To evaluate the general acceptability of composite jam.
1.4 Significance of Study
The combination of Apple, Pineapple, Orange and Banana help to enhance the nutritional composition, the colour and flavor of the jam and these fruits are rich in antioxidant, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, many essential B-complex Vitamin such as folic acid which helps in production of a highly nutritive jam.
It is also highly essential to process and preserve fruits in order to guarantee regular supply of its products at affordable prices. This will reduce post-harvest losses and prolong the shelf life of the product; crops including fruits and vegetable are processed for different reasons.
This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.5 Scope of Study
This study covers the production of composite jam from tropical fruits; Apple, Pineapple, Orange and Banana and to evaluate the general acceptability of the products.
1.6 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
1.7 Definition of Terms
Bananas: Banana plant is colloquially called a banana tree, it's actually an herb distantly related to ginger, since the plant has a succulent tree stem, instead of a wood one.
Flower: Flower is the seed-bearing part of a plant, consisting of reproductive organs (stamens and carpels) that are typically surrounded by a brightly coloured corolla (petals) and a green calyx (sepals).
Proximate: Proximate is used in the analysis of biological materials as a decomposition of a human-consumable good into its major constituents.
Analysis: Analysis is the process of breaking down a something into its parts to learn what they do and how they relate to one another.
Value: Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions. They help us to determine what is important to us.
Nutrition: Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Sensory and Production Evaluation of Composite Jam Produced from four Different Tropical Fruits (Apple, Pineapple, Orange and Banana) can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Sensory and Production Evaluation of Composite Jam Produced from four Different Tropical Fruits" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computer Based Stadium Information Management System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Stadium management contributes to an effective combination of skills related to planning, organizing, and evaluating within the context of an organization or department whose primary product or service is related to stadium or physical activity. This field became more popular as a result of the massive population increase in the lovers of sports in the world today. This project focuses on ticket and information management in Nnamdi Azikiwe stadium Enugu, Enugu state Nigeria in other to developed an online stadium management system that will be able to solve the problem faced by the current system. Questionnaire and structural interview are fact finding method used to obtain information’s from the stadium managers. The methodology adopted for this project was Object Oriented …
Can the material for “Organizational Memory and Employee Productivity in Some Selected Organization in Rivers State” be used as a guide for Office Technology and Management (OTM) Project?
Yes it can be used — Organizational Memory consist of unstructured concepts and information that exist in the organization's culture and the minds of its members, and that can be partially represented by concrete/physical memory aids such as databases. The study scrutinized the Organizational Memory and Employee Productivity in Some Selected Organization in Rivers State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to assess the relevance of Management and Employee's Memory and evaluate the factors affecting the Productivity of Employee in Some Selected Organization in Rivers State. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents were selected for this study to …
Can the material for “Effects of play way method on oral English achievement of Senior Secondary Students” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — This study examines the effects of play way method on oral English achievement of senior secondary students in quaan pan local government area in Plateau State. The purpose of this research was to determine the achievement scores of students taught English Language with the play way method on oral English practice those taught using conventional teaching methods. The study was conducted using quasi–experimental design. Specifically, the pre - test post – test non-equivalent control group design was used. The population for the study comprised all the 161 SS1 English Language students from the nine senior secondary schools offering English Language at SSCE level. This is made up of 120 boys and 41 girls. The sample size for this study was …
Can this topic “Effect of Good Filing System on Productivity of a Secretary” be used for Office Technology and Management (OTM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Secretarial documents are filled in order to retain them in good condition, for record purpose and to survey them for effective, detailed investigation of information management for easy retrieval. The study was carried out to investigate the Effect of Good Filing System on Productivity of a Secretary using Staff Personnel in Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri (FPNO) as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the system and classification in use and identify the type of filing classification adopted by senior staff personnel Department of the FPNO. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for …
Can the material for “Factors Associated with Health Seeking and Prevention of Human. Papilloma Virus Infection” be used as a guide for Public Health Project?
Yes it can be used — The purpose of this study is to examine the factors associated with health seeking and prevention of human papilloma virus infection. Three (3) research questions and hypotheses were raised to solve the research problems. The research employs exploratory, survey and descriptive research methods using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The population of this study comprises of all the female students at Babcock University High School Ilishan remo, Ogun State. The sample size of this research comprises of two hundred and twenty (220) respondents using random sampling technique. The data employed for this study is the primary data obtained through the use of questionnaire. Findings revealed that awareness and knowledge on HPV, cervical cancer and vaccination were generally fairly good and marked by …
Can the material for “Rural Infrastructural Development a Means of Combating Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Environmental Science Project?
Yes it can be used — This study examines Rural Development as a means to combating rural urban migration in Nigeria. The research employed content analysis for secondary data collection and survey research method for primary data collection. Hypothesis was tested using chi-square technique. The Harris − Todaro model (HT) as theoretical framework was used for the study. Finding of the research work includes among others, that respondents are not satisfied with the present level of rural development in Nigeria and while majority of respondents agreed that rural development is good strategy to stem rural urban migration in Nigeria. The research work is organised into five chapters. Chapter one covers the introduction, statement of problem, objective, significance, limitation, research methodology, and definition of terms. Chapter two entails …
Can this topic “Domestic Bunk Lending and Its Exisects in the Nigeria Economy” be used for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This project work was under taken to bring out some of the problems encountered by banks a leading to their customers the result of their findings and the recommendation of how those problems will be tackled and the solution. We can find out that from this project, one of the major problems encountered by banks in leading the repayment of the loans. Borrowers especially the small scale farmers tacked away in the remote villages behaving that the loans they recurred are their share of the national cake’’ and they do not make any attempt to repay their loans. This project being an analytical research data from secondary source were mainly used. The information came from CBN regulation, publication newspapers write ups …
Is the topic “Recruitment Policies and Procedures in Organizations and Companies” recommended for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The research work done is on Recruitment Policies and Procedures in organizations and companies. The research examined the recruitment policies and it’s in the ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE (ESBS). The research used both primary and secondary data which were collected and analysed. In the analysis done, it revealed that recruitment policies and procedures in ESBS are based purely on merit and also that some of the positions are significantly dependent on academic qualifications It was discovered that some of the factors militating against recruitment policies and procedures is that personnel managers atimes lack the competent skills required for effective recruitment. Also that partiality and discrimination contributes to inefficiency and ineffectiveness. Consequent upon the problem discovered, many solution was recommended such as advertisement of …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of an Airline Seat Reservations and Ticketing System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Airline reservation and ticketing in a commercial airline company is a project work aimed at creating a system that will enable traveler’s book their flight by making reservations. As the world is turning into a global village with almost every aspect of human endavour getting computerized, the aviation industries management is looking forward to making available their flight reservations online. This project research involves the design and implementation of an airline reservations aimed at overcoming the undesirable problem associated with the manual system. Here, we design a computer program that will __ Replace the existing manual system. __Enable travelers to make flight reservation In this project, the implementation of the computerized system will be carried out using Php-Mysql. …
Is the topic “Factors Affecting Psychological Distress Among People Living with HIV / AIDS in Nigeria” recommended for Public Health Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The purpose of this study was to assess the factors affecting psychological distress among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. Data were gathered quantitatively with the use of a questionnaire. The data were gathered through distribution of questionnaires to 80 patients living with HIV. The response rate recorded for the study was 100%. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for the quantitative data analysis. The findings revealed that majority of respondents’ educational level were relatively low as most of them had either primary education, or secondary education with a very small percentage of them who had tertiary education. The main mode of HIV/AIDS contraction was through sexual intercourse. Respondents who had experienced stigmatization and discrimination were more than …