MILITARY LEADERSHIP AND THE MANAGEMENT OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to appraise the Military Leadership and the Management of Civil Disobedience in Africa. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to increase the knowledge of civil and military leadership processes and their conditions in situations of extreme environmental demands and evaluate the organizational and external environmental factors that influence Military Leadership in Africa. Investigation revealed the problem and emotion-focused coping processes aimed at avoiding moral stress take place in a paradoxical situation, as the leader juggles sympathy for humane motives and compliance with praxis. Thus leaders are shown to re-appraise the situation in order to find alternative ways to restore system balance, pointing to an inclination to oversee environmental demands, if in parallel coping with inner moral demands. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 250 (two hundred and fifty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested using the one-way ANOVA and the t-test statistical tools at zero point zero five (0.05) level of significance. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet were employed. The data were presented on a frequency distribution table and analyzed using simple percentage, while hypothesis was tested using chi-square test. The findings imply that future civil and military leaders need education in complex person and environment interactions in order to get a holistic picture of the underlying mechanisms, thus promoting the development of their adaptive capabilities.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Civil and military leadership processes and their conditions in situations of extreme environmental demands are in focus. As theoretical field describing complex leader and environment interactions stands out as rather disjointed, it appears essential to approach the subject matter on the basis of a coherent framework that provides a foundation for reflection and understanding. The Military is an institution, since its purpose, objectives, organization, actions, behavior and the roles of its members, the allocated resources (human, material, financial) are specifically determined and regulated by normative prescriptions (laws, regulations, instructions, orders), but at the same time the army can also be seen as an organization because it is an ensemble of people structured in entities with specific roles, functions and responsibilities and which relates both to official and informal rules in the course of its life and activity, as a whole. Through its mission and specific administration and leadership system, the military organization differs and individualizes itself from other organizations (Zaharia, 2014, p. 148).

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

1.2 Background of Study

The leadership aspect is much more advanced in military and coveted by various companies, army have systems of educating, training and advancing of their members, they transform their members that does not do much more than guard work to be the leader of a military organization. Leadership in the army has been developed a lot, definitions and other explanations on this subject are very accurate and there are strong reasons for it; the formulation and explanation of leadership is based on an unscripted rule of the army saying that things in the army should be "brief and clear", and based on this rule each theory, the definition of the army is short in writing, clear to read and fully understood. While in the business and entrepreneur philosophy there are many and varied definitions of leadership. Military leadership doctrine is clearly defined as a process of influencing people by giving them the purpose, direction and motivation of subordinates while operating to meet a mission or by improving the organization.

Leader adaption to the environment involves two sub-processes, assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation processes make it possible for the leader to assimilate sensory impressions of the environment and to adapt these to already existing cognitive schema. Besides assimilation processes, there are accommodation processes in progress at the same time, through which cognitive schema are continuously adapted to make them more suited to new information and preparing the leader for further environmental impressions (Piaget, 1971). Both parallel processes are regarded as active because the leader is assumed to choose from information alternatives while reversely, such processes make the leader understand his or her environment by actively developing new knowledge. Every form of new leader behaviour, both external and inner thoughts, is characterized by adaption or re-adaption while physical and social behaviours aimed at self-adjustment are assumed to render such adaption possible (Granberg, 1998).

In turn, cognitive appraisal is assumed to involve primary and secondary appraisal, the former referring to the perception of whether there is a threat at all, while the latter addresses what available resources there are to manage a situation. Thus, the term ‘secondary appraisal’ describes efforts to exercise control based on the coping options of a given situation, for example, whether there are any means to prevent harm from occurring or whether the individual can ameliorate the situation (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The contextual approach holds that the processes through which the leader apprehends and creates his or her understanding of the environment can be physical, social or cultural (Granberg, 2004; Ohlsson, 1985). Hence, the application of a contextual approach to leadership opens up for going beyond the notion of interaction processes as solely being cognitive in nature.

Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Military Leadership and the Management of Civil Disobedience: An Appraisal of the Military Leadership in Africa.

1.3 Statement of Problems

Investigation revealed the problem and emotion-focused coping processes aimed at avoiding moral stress take place in a paradoxical situation, as the leader juggles sympathy for humane motives and compliance with praxis. Results demonstrate how leaders are often unwilling to accommodate “cognitive schemas that are logically integrated and mutually reinforcing systems of beliefs and values” (Nyström and Starbuck, 1984, p. 64) to situations that are in direct contravention of such deep value systems.

Thus leaders are shown to re-appraise the situation in order to find alternative ways to restore system balance, pointing to an inclination to oversee environmental demands, if in parallel coping with inner moral demands.

Turning to a military context, individual characteristics are, similarly to the humanitarian aid context, reported to facilitate coping as well as realistic and appropriate training prior to deployment in order to guarantee psychological readiness (Bliese, 2006; Limbert, 2004; Mikulincer & Florian, 1995; Bartone, 1999, 2006). Coping strategies that make the individual not to have to confront a problem, for example, denial or mental disengagement are reported to have worst effects on well-being as this puts individuals at a greater risk of experiencing mental health problems (Johnsen, Laberg, & Eid, 1998; Limbert, 2004).

1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of the study is to appraise the Military Leadership and the Management of Civil Disobedience in Africa. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

To increase the knowledge of civil and military leadership processes and their conditions in situations of extreme environmental demands.
To find out the consequences of Civil Disobedience among Military Leader in Africa.
To evaluate the organizational and external environmental factors that influence Military Leadership in Africa.

1.5 Research Questions

The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

Are there any significant factors influencing Military Leadership in Africa?
How is the knowledge of civil and military leadership processes increased in Africa?
What are the consequences of Civil Disobedience among Military Leader in Africa?

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material

Military Leadership and the Management of Civil Disobedience : an Appraisal of the Military Leadership in Africa can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.

Seminar Material Cost
₦3,000

Project Material Cost
₦5,000

Request Complete Material

Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;

Preliminary Pages,
Chapter 1-5,
References and Appendix.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Background of Study

1.3 Statement of Problems

1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study

1.5 Research Questions

1.6 Research Hypothesis

1.7 Significance of Study

1.8 Scope of Study

1.9 Limitations of the Study

1.10 Definition of Terms

1.11 Organization of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Conceptual Review

2.3 Relevance of Organizational Leadership

2.4 Leadership Styles in the Military Organization

2.5 Prospect of Charismatic Leadership

2.6 Theoretical Framework of Innovation and Creativity in the Workplace

2.6.1 Leadership Characteristics Impacting Team Innovation

2.6.2 Current Drive for Military Innovation

2.6.3 Definition of Two Leadership Styles

2.6.4 Transformational Leadership’s Influence on Creativity and Innovation

2.6.5 Visionary Leadership’s Influence on Innovation

2.6.6 Diversity and Shared Leadership’s Influence on Innovation

2.6.7 Leadership’s Influence on Innovation Climate

2.7 Overview of Military Leadership

2.8 Empirical Studies

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Research Design

3.3 Population of Study

3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique

3.5 Validation of Research Instrument

3.6 Method of Data Collection

3.7 Method of Data Analysis

3.8 Questionnaire

3.8.1 Interview

3.8.2 Key Informants Interview

3.8.3 Observation

3.9 Ethical Consideration

3.10 Statistical Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.3 Test of Hypothesis 1

4.4 Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary of Findings

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”

Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Military Leadership and the Management of Civil Disobedience" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can the material for “Factors That Affect Performance of Secretarial Career in Some Selected Organization” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?

Yes it can be used — This research work is aimed at finding out and studying the factor affecting secretaries in Enugu capital territory. Secretaries were selected from the organization in Enugu capital territory. Secretaries were selected from the organization in Enugu as well as student secretaries from IMT Enugu. To carry out this project effectively hypothesis were formulate and based on the hypothesis questionnaires and inter view questions were drawn. The questionnaires were administered to both student and practicing secretaries selected from the above organization in Enugu capital territory. Oral interviews were also conducted on some secretaries in the selected establishments. However, it was discovered that factors like sogological, technological economic environmental factors and poor language structure were the factors adducting secretarial career in Enugu capital and …

Can this topic “Preventive Practices of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Services among Pregnant Women” be used for Public Health Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — The study was carried out to examine the Preventive Practices of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Services among Pregnant Women. Investigation revealed that mother to child transmission of Human Immune Deficiency Virus has a lot of impact on the health of the mother and infant including the economy of the country. Mother to child transmission increases the prevalence of Human Immune Deficiency Virus in infants thereby resulting in increased infant and maternal morbidity and mortality. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. Primary data were collected …

Can the material for “Human Resources Management as a Tools for Developing the Health Care Sector” be used as a guide for Human Resource Management (HRM) Project?

Yes it can be used — This research project focuses on Human Resources Management as Tools for Developing the Health Care Sector: A Case Study of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. It views Human Resources as an indispensable tool for efficient health care delivery system and contend that its implementation will give rise to effective utilization in the proper management of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Various key success factors emerge that clearly affect health care practices and human resources management. This project work will reveal how human resources management is essential to any health care system and how it can improve health care models, particularly in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Finally, I want to add that this project …

Can this topic “An Evaluation on the Value Relevance of Corporate Disclosure to Shareholder in Nigeria” be used for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — This study was undertaken with a view to finding the value Relevance of Corporate Disclosure through a study of Guinness Nigerian Plc and First Bank Nigeria Plc. Data were collected through Primary and Secondary sources. In all 80 questionnaires were sent out and a total of 42 were received back as at the time of data analysis. The data collected was analyzed through the use of simple percentages while the hypothesis was tested using chi-square. The analysis revealed that most Nigeria shareholders lack the knowledge of accounting and furthermore do not give corporate disclosures to experts for analysis and advice. It was also revealed that Nigerian shareholders were found not to be receiving corporate disclosures as stipulated under section 344 …

Can the material for “The Role of Financial Institution in Export Financing” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?

Yes it can be used — This research work scrutinized the role of financial institution in export financing export financing is very important, as Nigerian Exporters have to complete with exporters from other parts of the who have already in the market and have easy. Access to various type of export finance sources. To be able to complete effectively with buyers able to offer attractive terms to forgiven buyers especially through bettered payment facilities which their competitors had provided all along with official insurance facilities to minimize the risk exporting to other nations. The federal government has and it still working hard is encourage export. A good step towards this is promulgation of export incentives and miscellaneous provisions degree of 1986, which came up with numerous incentive …

Can the material for “An Analysis of External Debt and Economic Growth in Nigeria 1992-2004” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?

Yes it can be used — External borrowing is a source through which many countries source revenue for development and economic growth of their countries. But this revenue can only help solve the problems of gross under − development when judiciously utilized. The burden of Nigeria’s external debt is more than the country can bear and the state of economic growth in the country is hampered due to debt crisis. The debt problem facing Nigeria is concerned on how to stop incurring more debts and device a way of servicing the existing debt without causing some distortions in the economy. For effective and efficient debt servicing, factors that hiders it has to be taken care of i.e. domestic financing policies, debt management and external economic environment. External debt affects …

Can this topic “Effects and Causes of Overpopulation in Nigeria” be used for Economics Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — This research work was designed to find out the causes and effect of overpopulation in Nigerian. In carrying out this research, the researcher visited some Areas in Edo State, and questionnaires were used to elicit information for the general public, and these information’s were analyzed in form of tables. It was observed that polygamy; illiteracy, poverty and early marriage are some of the reasons responsible for the rapid increase in population. Also the effects have raised concerns that the planned economy may not be able to sustain present or large number of inhabitants. Hence, having few number of children, monogamy and improvement in the standard of living are the solutions to the resultant effects of population explosion in Nigeria. The following …

Can the material for “Study of factors affecting construction cost performance in Jalingo Taraba State” be used as a guide for Building Technology (BT) Project?

Yes it can be used — Maintaining steady cost projection on construction projects had been until recently an issue of serious concern, both to the client and project contractors. Cost deviation from initial Cost plan, had been prevalent on Construction sites. However, little or no efforts has made to curtail the phenomenon, it is against this background that this research work attempt to study the factors that are responsible, so as to identify them and proffer possible ways of tackling the menace. The study attempt this through chosen construction practitioners as population and samples were drawn to this effect at random from the category of professionals, using probability sampling methods. The Data were collected from primary source consisting of structured questionnaire designed in Likert Scale in …

Can the material for “Impact of Motivation of the Performance of Biology Teacher in Secondary Schools” be used as a guide for Education Project?

Yes it can be used — Biology Teacher's performance refers to what teachers achieve in their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different teaching experiences given to them by their employer. The most difficult problems educators face in contemporary Nigeria is lack of interest from their students. The aim of the study is to investigate the Impact of Motivation of the Performance of Biology Teacher in Secondary Schools in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to investigate whether or not motivations have positive impact on the performance of Senior Secondary School students’ in Biology, identify the various motivational aspects that encourages students to perform very well in Biology, determine the extent of motivational efforts put by teachers in …

Can the material for “Local Production and It’s Impact in Nigeria Economy” be used as a guide for Economics Project?

Yes it can be used — The purpose of this study is to examine local production and its impact on Nigeria economy. This study adopted the survey, ex post facto and descriptive research design for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. It is ex-post facto research design in that the data generated were already put in place and are not subject to the manipulation of the researcher, this were data within the period of 1989 to 2014. This data were extracted from CBN statistical bulletin in CBN website and from the website of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This study presumed that the economic development in Nigeria (represented by real GDP) is dependent on Total Local Production TLP (independent variable), Cashew production in Nigeria …