DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LOW POWER INDICATOR

ABSTRACT

A Low Power Indicator can be defined as an indicator that is having a very low electrical supply or current situated in an electrical instrument which indicates the amount of power present in the instrument by their colour indication be it red, yellow or green. The study was conducted to design and construct a low power indicator system. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to design a system that will detect a low power outage, know the process of constructing a alarm system for indicating low power and describe the circuitry components needed for the construction of the low power indicator. A Low Power Indicator is a device that indicates by way of displaying light to indicate the level or strength of electrical power in a given circuit at a particular time. The transistors T1, T2, T3 are low power transistors that control the flow of electron in the circuit VR1 is employed to vary the frequency of the power. This study will be of immense benefit to PHCN and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

1.2 Background of Study

Our World has change a great deal, with the advent of information technology, sudden and unforeseen dangers have been reduced, a great deal. Over the years, there had been epileptic power supply due to uncontrollable factors such as vandalization of electric cables, drop in volume of water flows in dams, heavy rainfall overloading of transformers, bridging of power cables. The significance of this information technology is that it has penetrated almost every aspect of science, technology and the society at large, most especially in our electronic equipment, this information technology has gone as far as making provision for an input signal or warning system in most of our electrical systems and it has given birth to what is popularly known as power sensor.

A Sensor also called a detector is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument #today mostly electronic$ sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch & sensitive elevator buttons, 'amps which dim or brighten by touching their base several applications of sensors include cars, machines, medicine, manufacturing and robotics (Nesness, 2008).

A good low power sensor is always sensitive to the measured property such as voltage and temperature etc. it does not influence the measured the property. Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to construct a Low Power Indicator system.

1.3 Statement of Problems

Investigation revealed that the existing system experience difficulty in detecting low power outage. The system will run down unnoticed and the user initiate a correction measure before the need arises.

1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of the study is to design and construct a low power indicator system. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

To design a system that will detect a low power outage
To know the process of constructing a alarm system for indicating low power
To describe the circuitry components needed for the construction of the low power indicator.

1.5 Significance of Study

This study will be of immense benefit to PHCN and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

1.6 Scope of Study

The scope of the research is focused on the design and construction of a Construction of Low Power Indicator.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

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Preliminary Pages,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Statement of Problems
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
1.5 Significance of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Circuit diagram of L.E.D Zener P.S.U.
2.3 Components of the Circuit
2.4 Circuit Description
2.5 Types of Low Power Indicator
2.6 Practical Examples of Low Power Indicator
2.7 Determination of the Oscillating Frequency
2.8 Determination of the Transistor (MOSFET) Switching Current
2.9 The Transistor used in the Buffer Circuit
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Actual Construction
3.3 Basic Tool Requirement
3.4 Principle of Operation of Low Power Indicator
3.5 Installation of Active and Passive Components
3.7 Advantages of using Vero-Board
3.8 Soldering Technique
3.9 Soldering Iron
3.10 Precaution taken during Construction
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Circuit Testing and Fault Finding
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary of Findings
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES

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