DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BATTERY CHARGER
ABSTRACT
This project presents the Design and Construction of Battery Charger. A battery charger is an electrical/electronic device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by forcing an electric current through it. The aim of the study is to design and construct a battery charger that can be use to charge any kind of 12v rechargeable batteries including alkaline, NiCad or lead acid batteries. In achieving this aim the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to: design a device that has the ability to indicate charging process, low battery and fully charge levels through LED indicators, and design a cheap, versatile and efficient lead acid car battery charger which will interest and appeal to the “cost-minded” customer. The system consists of a step down transformer, an AC to DC converter and a DC voltage regulator. The circuits are designed using copper wire, rectifier diodes, electrolytic capacitors, resistors with other passive and active component of electronics. A battery charger is an indispensible device for battery users because battery is an essential element that powers any electronic products like UPS inverters system, photographic equipments, hand-held lamps (flashlight or torch), computer-memory standby, toys, novelties and automobiles, etc. These products will become useless if there is no charger to refill their battery when it runs down. In this project, a sophisticated class of battery charger is designed not just to refill rechargeable batteries but to conserve the battery life because wrong handling and charging of a battery can permanently damage the battery even if is brand new. With this project, people can recharge both alkaline, NiCad and lead acid batteries by themselves and then save money on battery purchases.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
A battery charger is an indispensible device for battery users because battery is an essential element that powers any electronic products like UPS inverters system, photographic equipments, hand-held lamps (flashlight or torch), computer-memory standby, toys, novelties and automobiles, etc. The life span of a battery mostly used by automobile drivers can be maximized by avoiding over loading, overcharging, and inputting charge current higher than battery manufacture’s rated value (Bangaru, at al, 2013).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Few modern electrical appliances receive their power directly from the Utilitygrid like National Electricity Power Authority (NEPA) or Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), while a growing number of everyday electronic and electrical devices require electrical power from batteries in order to achieve greater mobility and convenience. Rechargeable batteries store electricity from the utility grid for later use and can be conveniently recharged when their energy has been drained.
According to Woodbank Communications Ltd in their 2005 battery chargers and charging methods review (Mpoweruk, 2021). battery charging involves three key functions: getting the charger into the battery (charging), optimizing the charging rate (stabilizing) and knowing when to stop (terminating). Appliances that use rechargeable batteries include everythingfrom low-power mobile cell phones to high-power industrial forklifts. The sales volume of suchproducts has increased dramatically in the past decade. Hundreds of millions of theseproducts are sold annually to businesses and consumers, with close to a billion in U.S and Nigeria. While designers of battery chargers often maximize the energy efficiency of their devices to ensure long operation times between charging. They often ignore how much energy is consumed in the process of converting ac electricity from the utility grid into dc electricity stored in the battery.
In this project design, significant energy savings are possible by reducing the conversion losses associated with charging batteries in battery-powered products. We could save a lot of electric power using new electronic technology in our charging system and then highlight several design strategies for improving the efficiency of other chargers.
We introduced a smart or intelligent battery charger that does not only recharge batteries but conserves AC electrical energy and as well save the battery life. Most battery chargers require human attention say Chu, Kim-Chiu the writer ‘development of intelligent battery charge' (1989), from the University of Hong Kong, but in this project, an automatic battery monitor is used to reduce human attention to about 85 per cent to eliminate overcharging of batteries.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
Investigation reveals that charger does not alter its output based on time or the charge on the battery. The circuit of a battery charger has the ability to convert voltages from one form to another (usually AC to DC voltages). This process is carried out through the use of some important components like: rectifiers, capacitor to filter and remove ripples from the AC source and a voltage regulator (IC).
However, this project is based on the construction of a 12volts simple battery charger with local materials to reduce cost. The proposed project design works on 12V batteries. There is resistance connected in the battery charger to limit the short circuit current.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to design and construct a battery charger that can be use to charge any kind of 12v rechargeable batteries including alkaline, NiCad or lead acid batteries. In achieving this aim the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To design a device that has the ability to indicate charging process, low battery and fully charge levels through LED indicators.
- To design a cheap, versatile and efficient lead acid car battery charger which will interest and appeal to the “cost-minded” customer.
After carrying out our project research on the targeted users, they have been able to devise a list of particular features that would be essential in the project, like designing battery charger to be universal. Using a standard AC power, ability to charge a typical 12 Volt lead-acid (automotive) battery. We used these requirements as guidelines to implementing our product as well as include additional features that we thought are important to the functionality.
1.5 Significant of the Study
The significant of this project is not just to recharge batteries but it works as a D. C power adapter for experimentation. It may, however, require an externalcapacitor to be connected across its output terminals in order to “smooth” the voltage sufficiently, which may be thought of as a DC voltage plus a “ripple” voltage added to it. The project is also significant because children will be attracted to charging their own batteries in their toys and possessions. Managing their own batteries is fun, and they know it helps the environment by not having to throw batteries away when they can recycle them.
This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.6 Scope of Study
The scope of this project is to have a direct current automatic battery charger of 12 Volts and 10 Amp maximum which can be suitable for car batteries and electric vehicles. Electric vehicles need high-rate chargers for public access.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
The project is limited to 12V batteries. It is not advisable to use it on rechargeable batteries above 12V. Also there is no internal resistance connected in the battery charger to limit the short circuit current.
1.8 Constraints of the Study
The biggest setback experienced during the course of this project is financial difficulties in funding the design of the project. Secondly, sourcing of materials and components used was not easy. Finding the rectifier diode and DC regulator for this charger was not an easy task. We had to destroy many electronic devices for solution. Some of the components we used for this project were very difficult to find. Furthermore, we received a severe electric shock while trying to plug in the workbench power supply to test our design and that made us to almost give up.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Design and Construction of Battery Charger can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Design and Construction of Battery Charger" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can this topic “Sedimentology and Reservoir Quality of Outcropping Sediments” be used for Geology Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The study investigates the Sedimentological and petrographic attributes of outcropping sediments in Lokoja and its environs. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to determine the lithofacies characteristics of the sediments of the study area and ascertain the mineralogical composition of the sediments. Field studies were carried out on outcropping sediments exposed in Lokoja and its environs to gain insight into reservoir characteristics and sedimentological characteristics. Sieve analysis and petrographic analysis were carried out on fresh samples of the sediments to determine their statistical parameters, paleodepositinal environment and their reservoir quality. Granulometric analysis of the Filele sands reveals that the sediments are medium to coarse, moderate to poorly sorted, near symmetrical to positively skewed and mainly …
Can the material for “Evaluation of Job Mobility (Promotion) of Male and Female Employees” be used as a guide for Sociology Project?
Yes it can be used — This study examined whether any difference exists in the job mobility (promotion) of male and female who are employed in the banking institutions in Nigeria, especially Zenith Bank. The essence of the study is to assert or disregard discriminatory practices of not having equitable number of women being promoted in position of decision making in the banking system. The study employed the descriptive survey method. Using the stratified random sampling method the study selected 250 respondents. Data used for the study were gathered through the questionnaire. The t-test statistics was utilized to test hypothesis one while hypothesis two was tested using the regression statistics. Result showed that the tested male and female Zenith Bank employees differ in their career promotion and …
Can the material for “The Impact of Computerized Accounting System on the Success of a Business Organisation” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work will the be examining the impact of the computerized accounting system on the success of a business organisation using the United Bank of Africa (UBA)as a case study. It comprises of the general introduction, purpose and scope of the case study. It also includes the view of authors, who in the past have dealt on the issues relevant and pertaining to the case study. The population of the study was partly on the customer and partly on the staff while the sample will be choosen out of the population. The data will also be collected through the questionnaire. In this age, computerized system is very important on the success of a business organisation in the whole world. The analysis …
Can the material for “The Design and Construction of Hot Printing Machine” be used as a guide for Mechanical Engineering Project?
Yes it can be used — Parameters on which clear prints depends were comprehensively investigated. The study revealed that clear print depends on the impressed pressure, the working temperature and the silver print paper. Also studied were the manners of dependence of these parameters on prints impressed on sheets of varied thickness. The result of this investigations were utilized in the design and construction of a operational hot (manual) printing machine. …
Is the topic “The Impact of Taxes on the Dividend Policies of Banks in Nigeria” recommended for Economics Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This study attempts to explore the impact of taxes on the dividend policy of Nigerian banks. T o do this, it tries to answer questions as to the actual relationship between taxation and dividend pay-out ratio. It also attempts to explore the possible impact of profits on the dividend pay-out and examines factors influencing dividend policies. The purpose is to reveal how propounded dividend policy theories could apply to Nigerian banks and to make relevant recommendations. The study covers all banks quoted on the NSE using a sample size of 10 banks systematically selected and sample period of 10 years, judgmentally selected. A causal research model is adopted and secondary data sources (NSE Fact Books and Audited Accounts) are employed to …
Is the topic “Design and Implementation of a Computerized System for Accounting Payroll in the State Civil Service” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Ever since man discovered the computer and hence computer science, attempt have been made to computerize every facet of human life. This project work experts the issue of designing and implementing a state civil payroll accounting system which inherent advantages (speed and accuracy over the more tedious inefficient and time consuming manual system. This system encountered the following problems. Late receipt of raw data each month. Regular break down of the accountant machine presently used for data processing, irregular power supply, many errors resulting from the manual methods of data processing and the office caused by bulky files and constant complaints for errors from the workers. Consequently a computerized payroll accounting system when designed to take care of the above …
Is the topic “Design and Implementation of an Online Food Ordering System” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Online Food Ordering System is database program that keeps record of all transaction carried out in the restaurant on daily bases. The aim of the study is to design and implement an Online Food Ordering System. In achieving this aim, the following objectives were laid out to determine how computerized management information system has facilitated increase productivity, decrease paperwork, and ability to analyze trouble spots. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the use of manual method in keeping information in the system. So among the numerous problems associated with the existing system are; staff are spending far too much time chasing mistakes instead of tending to customers, sales going unrecorded, inventory doesn’t match …
Can this topic “An Approach to Mitigating Risk of Seismic-Induced Building Collapse in Nigeria” be used for Building Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Buildings world-wide are one of the most essential assets of humanity, and they serve as a major contributor to the sustainable development of any nation. The consequences of building collapse is usually colossal ranging from loss of lives, damage to property and its attendant socio-economic implications, etc. This menace appears to be worse-off in developing countries like Nigeria where capacity to manage disaster is lacking. Recent incidence of seismic actions in hitherto geographically aseismic zone, has led to advice by researchers to brace up for earthquake in the nearest future. This research attempts to compute the seismic hazard of buildings in Lagos State, a densely populated area of Southern Nigeria. Based on known seismic ground motion for south-western Nigeria, a …
Can the material for “Impact of Bank Credits on the Performance of the Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Economics Project?
Yes it can be used — Prominent among the obstacles facing the performance of manufacturing sector in Nigeria is the lack of effectively bank credits to the manufacturing sector of the economy. The banks especially the commercial ones have not been contributing effectively to the output of manufacturing sector of the economy. This study takes into cognizance the problems of manufacturing sector in Nigeria. Beside; it looks into the various economic effects of inefficiency of bank credits to the manufacturing sector in Nigeria over the period of 1981 − 2004, using the Nigeria data set. The study employed the ordinary least square regression method. Above all, this project examines the earlier interventionist efforts by the CBN toward achieving a stable and low interest rate on the credits from the …
Can the material for “Influence of Child Abuse on Students Academic Performance in Ikorodu Local Government Area” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — Child abuse is an act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with. The aim of the study is to investigate the Influence of Child Abuse on Students Academic Performance in Ikorodu L.G.A. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the causes of child abuse in Ikorodu Local Government Area, determine the effect of child abuse on child’s educational performance in Ikorodu Local Government Area, examine the consequences of child abuse on child’s academic performance, and determine possible solutions to child abuse among secondary school students. The …