BUDGETARY PLANNING AND CONTROL AS A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES

1.0 Introduction

An organization is referred as a group of individual who perform different functions with a view to accomplishing certain objectives. In management setting, it is assumed that an organization will continue to exist for an indefinite period of time. To ensure effective management of the resources of an organization, budgetary planning and control should play predominant roles. in the operating life cycle of an organization like Double Diamond Plastic Industry Ltd, Aba. Budgeting process is very important. It is connected to its complete administration ranging through planning to management control. Hence for a firm to be viable, it must be planned and controlled so as to ensure that certain objective are achieved.

Arison (2002, 1-20) stated that effective management and administrative structure through which performance of the approval budget will be executed in an organization are needed.

Planning is a means of achieving them. It has to do with deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, who should do it and when to do it. Without planning, actions must become merely random actively producing nothing (knous, 1999: 157) if an organization is to succeed, planning must be taken as a predominant tool.

The budgeting process is the tool through which planning process is made operational. An organization to run its affairs effectively, it must have income period. This avails the management as a long measure to obtain operational decisions of his firm in respect of the income and expenditure budget the management can ascertain how viable his organizational operations are.

In the same vein, if various budgets are properly executed, an indication will reflect showing the effective attainment of organization objective.

1.1 Background of the Study

The company, Double Diamond plastic Ltd, Aba started in 1989 as a private Limited company, the company manufacture various types of plastic containers, plastic hangers of different designs and size, sheeting.

Budgeting is essentially concerned with planning in every service oriented organization because any service oriented organization that does not plan and implement its budgeting is expected to encounter a lot of problems. These problems range from mismanagement of limited research to reckless management adopt to achieve it task of planning co-coordinating directing and control in an service oriented organization.

Planning is mainly concerned with the future and selection of policies, strategies, tactics and action required to achieve these objectives.

Planning was previously based on historical cost conventions. This process increase the emergency decision which top management had to make because historical cost conventions are aid future oriented they do not aid planning.

In order to reduce to management's emergency decision making process and planning variable manager want to know more than they have done currently in relation to cost period performance they also wants to know how they have done currently in relations to their current targeted performance.

Control on the other hand follows closely after actual performance is compared where by actual performance is compared with targeted/budgeted performance any deviation from his target are investigated for an in-depth or positive explanation given.

Budgetary control is the techniques used for this purpose and when it is combined with budgeting, it becomes part of reasonability accounting. This aim of budgetary control is to provide a formal basis for monitoring the progress of the service oriented organization as a whole and of its components part towards that achievement of the objective specified in the planning budgets.

Budgeting enjoy a wide application, they can be used in our private houses where a civil servant who earns a monthly income will map out his objectives and plans effectively with what he has to achieve those objectives.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem

Budgeting is the formulation of plans, both long and short range for future activities that seeks to substitute carefully studies action of how to attain the desired goods and provide measure through deviation from planned achievement can be evaluated.

The process of budgeting lead to budgeting, which the institute of cost and management accountant defined it as a financial and quantitative statement prepared and approved period of time of the policy to be pursued during the period for the purpose of attaining a given objective. It may include income expenditure and the employment of capital.

Since the sole purpose of organization is profit maximization a properly concerned budgeting may or may not lead to a goals because of problems involved in budgeting and budgetary control. The variation between the actual performance and the budgetary result could be checked and corrective measure taken immediately.

This leads to the need to control the budget.

The institute of cost and management accountant defined budgets relating the responsibilities of executive to requirement of a policy and continuous. Comparison of actual with budgeted result either to secure by individual action. The objective of that policy is to provide a firm basis for it revision.

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1.3 Objective of the Study

This study is to be carried out with the aim of discovering whether budgetary planning and control will really serve as guide of effective management to operate human and material resources in Double Diamond Plastic Industry Limited Aba.

Empirical evidence will also be used to prove that budgetary planning and control are widely used as management tools.

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1.4 Research Questions

On view of the problem associated with this topic, the following research question, which is vital for the in-depth analysis of this topic are addressed by researcher.

1. Does budgeting planning and control contribute to the improvement of management efficiency and high productivity?
2. Is low level of revenue generation as a result of setting unrealistic target, there by demoralizing the workers?
3. Are the appraisals of the management's performance based on the budget?
4. Are the officer –in-charge of budgeting accountable for the objectives?
5. Are variance built in to the incentives or disciplinary system of the institute or hospital?
6. To what extent does the problem of implementation and inadequate coordination affect the industry?

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1.5 Statement of Hypothesis

HO: There was no significant relationship between budgetary planning, control and resources management in Double Diamond plastic industry limited.

HI: There was significant relationship between budgetary planning, control and resources management in Double Diamond plastic industry limited.

Ho: There was no major deviation between budgetary planning and control and effect management of resources in Double Diamond in Nigeria.

HI: There was major deviation between budgetary planning and control and effect management of resources in Double Diamond industry limited.

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1.6 Significance of the Study

It is assumed that the management of Double Diamond Plastic Industry Aba will corporate with research by completing the questionnaire and returning them on time to enable the researcher carry out the study.

Summary, it is also assumed that there will be enough related work in the library and facilitate easily completion of the study. The researcher will be good health throughout the period of conducting the study so as to complete it on time.

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1.7 Scope of the Study

This is limited to Double Diamond Plastic Industry Limited Aba. The study will look into budgetary planning and control implementation for effective and efficient management of its resources profit management of its resources profit maximization predominant, the aim of the industry.

Their investigation will highlight on the result obtained from the management of Double Diamond Plastic Industry limited Aba.

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1.8 Limitation of Study

The scope of the study is limited to the study of how the Double Diamond Plastic Industry Aba used budgetary planning and control to manage its resources effectively, inconsequent of this, therefore, data collection would be limited to the staff and management of Double Diamond Plastic Industry Limited Aba. They include the following:

1. Time factor is a serious limitation of this work because the researcher has to combine manual academic work, writing of examination, writing of project and submitting it with the specific period.
2. Financial constraint is the cause of most poor output of research work. This ugly trend hinders some more development in research.
3. Poor infrastructure and inadequate academic material including lack of this research work.
4. The researcher depends on primary data from the respondents mainly from the organization of my study implying that only factors the respondents are deduced.