DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG FRESH GRADUATES IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The importance of fresh graduates in a developing country like Nigeria cannot be overemphasized, therefore, priority should be given to the study of the factors that spur entrepreneurial intentions among graduates in Nigeria with a view to promoting better policies and programs aimed at redirecting emphasis on entrepreneurship as a tool for economic growth and development. This study seeks to investigate empirically the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of fresh graduates. The area of this study covers attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy and how these influence the intentions of graduates to become entrepreneurs. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire and related literatures were reviewed. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and hypotheses was tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. The finding suggests that the four factors examined has significant relationship with entrepreneurial intentions. It was therefore recommended that entrepreneurial values be promoted among graduates and graduates should be exposed to the skills required by entrepreneurs.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background Of The Study
The role of intentions has been acknowledged to be relevant in the managerial literature (Sutton, 1998). Studies have shown that intentions have the ability to predict both individual behavior (Ajzen, 1991) and organizational outcomes such as survival, development and growth (Mitchel, 1981). Hence, the capability to understand and predict intentions becomes a point of interest for both managers and entrepreneurs (Tubbs and Ekeberg, 1991).
Intentions have been proved to be the best predictors of individual behaviours particularly when the behavior is rare, hard to observe or involves unpredictable time lags. The establishment of new ventures and the creation of new values in existing ones, which have been identified by Bird (1988) as the two outcomes of entrepreneurial intentions are good examples of such behaviours. It has been argued that most behaviours of social relevance such as health-related behaviours or the establishment of new organizations are under volitional control.
Intention refers to a state of mind directing a person’s attention (and therefore experience and action) towards a specific object or path in order to achieve something. Entrepreneurial intention refers to a cognitive representation of actions to be implemented by individuals to either establish new independent venture or create new value within existing companies.
It is certainly true that entrepreneurial ideas begin with inspiration; though intentions are needed in order for them to become manifest. Krueger (2000), argued that individual do not start a business as a reflex, but they do it intentionally. Hence, especially at the birth of an organization, the impact of entrepreneur’s intention is predominant; as a consequence, the founder’s intention determines the form and direction of a nascent organization at its inception.
1.1 Statement Of Problem And Research Questions
The level of unemployment of graduates in Nigeria has become a national issue as the numbers of graduates from public and private higher educational institutions that join the job market increases each year. Academic qualifications can no longer guarantee immediate employment upon graduation, instead graduates are required to show a positive attitude towards the changing job market by investigating entrepreneurship as a possible basis for a career. In fact entrepreneurship would help these new graduates develop their own career and also ease the current unemployment issue by expanding the job market. Entrepreneurship is therefore the solution to the problem of unemployment.
The ability of new graduates to engage in entrepreneurial behaviour depends on a number of factors, thus there is need to conduct a study focusing on the entrepreneurial intentions and the factors affecting new graduates decision to engage in entrepreneurial behaviour.
This will therefore necessitate the following questions:
- What is the effect of attitude on entrepreneurial intention?
- What is the effect of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention?
- What is the effect of perceived behavioural control on entrepreneurial intention?
- What is the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention?
1.2 Research Hypotheses
The following hypothesis will be tested in the study:
Ho1. There is no significant relationship between Perceived behavioural control and entrepreneurial intentions.
Ho2. There is no significant relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions.
Ho3. There is no significant relationship between Attitude and entrepreneurial intentions.
Ho4. There is no significant relationship between Subjective norm and entrepreneurial intention.
1.3 Objectives Of The Study
The major aim of this study is to determine and investigate the factors influence on the entrepreneurial intentions of fresh graduates. Other accessory objectives includes
- To determine the effect of attitude on entrepreneurial intentions
- To determine the effect of subjective norm on entrepreneurial intentions
- To determine the effect of perceived behavioural control on entrepreneurial intentions
- To determine the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions.
1.4 Significance Of The Study
Several research studies exist in the field of entrepreneurship and enrepreneurship intentions of university students (Turker and Selcuk, 2008) and fresh graduates in Nigeria (Shittu and Dosunmu, 2014). There is no existing study on the factorial analysis of entrepreneurial intention among fresh graduates in Nigeria. The only study close to this study is that of shiitu and Dosunmu, (2014) but it only looked at family background as a factor affecting entrepreneurial intention. Hence this study is significant to the extent that is seeks to fill this knowledge gap by examining other factors such as attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy and their impact on entrepreneurial intention of fresh graduates in Nigeria.
The study will also form the basis for further studies and contribute to existing body of literatures in the field of entrepreneurship. It will also serve as a pointer to the solution of the problem of unemployment of fresh graduates in Nigeria.
1.5 Limitations Of The Study
Several challenges were encountered in this study which are considered as limitations. Firstly, this research study is entirely based on self-reported measures. A social desirability bias may appear in our study because subjects sometimes respond to surveys in a manner that make themselves meet society’s desires. An anonymity guarantee was reassured to the respondents. Some evidence shows that a self-report of dishonest behaviour can be quite accurate and the bias should have no impact on the testing of the model (Beck and Ajzen, 1991; Becker et al., 2006). Second, the dependent variable used in this study is the intention to engage in entrepreneurial behaviour rather than the actual behaviour itself. Even though many researchers have indicated that behavioural intention is an adequate proxy of actual behaviour (Allen, Fuller and luckett, 1998), the self-report method is still subjective to the bias of CMV.
Lastly, despite its extensive application, theory of planned behaviour has been criticized that it does not sufficiently elicit affective aspects for making decision. By introducing affective variables such as fear, mood and enjoyment, the variance explained in intention can be greatly increased. Therefore future research might consider including affective variables into theory of planned behaviour.
1.6 Scope Of The Study
This study focus specifically on the factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions of fresh graduate in Nigeria. It examines four factors such as attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy. The study is restricted to only fresh graduates in Delta State, issele-uku NYSC camp. It is hoped that the views of these fresh graduates will reflect the views of other fresh graduates in the country.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Fresh Graduates in Nigeria can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Fresh Graduates in Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Fresh Graduates in Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Extraction of Oil and Production of Pesticides Using Neem Seed Azadirachta Indica” be used as a guide for Chemistry Project?
Yes it can be used — The Neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) has been known as the wonder tree for centuries in the Indian subcontinent as it offers answers to some of the major concerns facing humankind. Its mammalian safety and environmental friendliness reports are highly encouraging. A key advantage to using Neem, as opposed to some medical treatments and other herbs, is its harmlessness on human health. Millions have been using Neem over thousands of years and no hazards have been documented for normal dosages. The general class of these compounds found in neem is triterpenes, within which, the most effective are the limonoids, which are abundant in Neem oil. Azadirachtin, a limonoid, has been found to be the main ingredient for fighting insects …
Can the material for “The Effect of Demonstration Method and Guided Discovery Method on the Academic Performance of Students” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — The study identifies the Effect of Demonstration Method and Guided Discovery Method on the Academic Performance of Students in Biology in Senior Secondary Schools. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to determine the effect of using Demonstration method in teaching biology, find out students’ level of understanding biological concepts and investigate students’ performance in biology using each of the methods. The sample consisted of 133 SSIII Biology students selected from four senior secondary schools in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State based on random sampling techniques. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and …
Can this topic “The Role of Capital in the Development of Small Scale Business in Nigeria” be used for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This research work examined the role of capital in the growth of small business in Nigeria with reference to the selected firms in Owerri, Imo state. six research questions were formulated for the study. Two sources of data were used to gather information and instrument for data is made of structured questionnaire and percentage methods were used to analyzed the data collected. The researcher reviewed the related literature on the role of capital in the growth of small scale business. From the analysis of data collected by the researcher, it was discovered that high interest loan, mismanagement of capital and unreliable of source of capital were the problems militating against small scale businesses. This study also revealed the important of small …
Can the material for “Workers Motivation and the Influence of Salaries Administration” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study looks into workers’ motivation through wages and salaries administration its influence in Nigerian organization. The study went further to distinguish between gratuitous and paid job with possible effect of wages and salaries as it relates to individual contribution and effort towards the achievement of the corporate goals and objectives. The study made use of a self-designed questionnaire and eventually used chi-square to analyze and conclude on the hypothesis that wages and salaries serves as motivational tool and that wages and salaries has significant relationship with workers performance in Nigerian organization. …
Can this topic “A Study on the Determinants of Investment in Nigeria (1985-2011)” be used for Economics Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — In recent times, there has been growing concern about the rising but volatile rate of investments in Nigeria. Thus concern stem from the fact that investment plays a dominant role in stimulating growth. The study buttress on the overview and empirical analyses into the determinant of investment in Nigeria in other to achieve the objective hypotheses which was stated with the purpose of achieving current and future stable and upswing of investment by readdressing problems of investment, as highlighted in the statement of problem. The study used investment as dependent variable and interest rate, inflation, foreign direct investment, degree of trade openness, gross domestic product, and money supply as independent variable. In analyzing the data, economic model of multiple regression using …
Can the material for “A Critical Study on the Effects of Job Stress on the Performance of Bankers in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study investigated and evaluated job stress and its effects on job performance among members of staff at Union Bank. The study sought to find out how work-related stress could affect the productivity of staff of Union Bank in the dispensation of quality banking staff in Nigeria. In addition, it identified certain factors which contribute to job stress among staff of the Bank. The systematic sampling technique was used to select 150 participants for the study. The results of this study revealed that workload was the major cause of job stress among staff of Union Bank It was further observed that respondents, in order to relieve stress often walk around and visit other colleagues in their offices to discuss matters …
Can the material for “A Mathematical Model for Prediction of the Strength of Sandcrete Cement Block” be used as a guide for Civil Engineering Project?
Yes it can be used — Sandcrete blocks are prismatic units manufactured from lean (sand-cement) mortar mixes and are the predominant walling materials used in buildings in Nigeria and other countries. Although the blocks are preferred to other similar walling material such as bricks and concrete blocks due to the availability of the dominant material (sand) in the country and the ease of manufacture, the material is known to have several drawbacks: it has a low compressive strength which could be a factor for structural failure in buildings. Apart from the compressive strength, little is known about the other strength and permeation properties of the material. Thirdly, little research has been conducted into the influence of water-cement ratio which is known to wield a strong influence on …
Is the topic “The Effect of External Debt on Economic Growth of Nigeria (1981-2010)” recommended for Computer Science Education Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This work evolved out of the need to provide an in-depth understanding of the economics of debt in Nigeria. This study aims at analysing the effectiveness of external debt on economic growth within a span of 1981-2010. The broad objective of this work is specified to evaluate the impact of external debt stock and debt servicing on economic growth. In all, the models were to show the growth relationship between the independent variables-inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate, government expenditure, external debt stock and external debt service and the dependent variable-gross domestic product (GDP). The data were collected from CBN Statistical Bulletin 2010 and the Debt Management Office (DMO) quarterly report. The Engle & Grenger Cointegration and Ordinary Least Square …
Can the material for “Cancer Prediction using Naive Bayes” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Cancer prediction is the identification of individual or clusters of predictive genetic alterations might help in defining the outcome of cancer treatment, allowing for the stratification of patients into distinct cohorts for selective therapeutic protocols. The aim of the study is to design and implement a Cancer Prediction using Naïve Bayes. In achieving this aim, the specific objectives were set out to design an system that allows the early detection of cancer, produce prompt and accurate result from test carried out in the hospital, and help in solving the problem of cancer detection. Investigation reveals the problems of the Cancer Prediction using Naïve Bayes: the presently practiced prediction at the hospital does not allow early detection of cancer, lack of …
Can the material for “The Impact of Computer Application in Commercial Banking Operation” be used as a guide for Computer Education Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to examine the impact of computer application in commercial banking operation using Eco bank plc as case study. As expressed in the purpose of the study under chapter one, the main objective of the study is to determine the problems of using the computer in funding the effects of these problem on the customer of the bank. A brief historical background of the bank was made hypothesis formulated for the purpose of this research. A view of some related literature of the topic under study was done in chapter two. Chapter three is on how investigation into this work was conducted by the use of questionnaires for the staff and customers of Eco bank plc, Owerri. …