A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA (1985-2011)
ABSTRACT
In recent times, there has been growing concern about the rising but volatile rate of investments in Nigeria. Thus concern stem from the fact that investment plays a dominant role in stimulating growth. The study buttress on the overview and empirical analyses into the determinant of investment in Nigeria in other to achieve the objective hypotheses which was stated with the purpose of achieving current and future stable and upswing of investment by readdressing problems of investment, as highlighted in the statement of problem.
The study used investment as dependent variable and interest rate, inflation, foreign direct investment, degree of trade openness, gross domestic product, and money supply as independent variable. In analyzing the data, economic model of multiple regression using ordinary least square (OLS) techniques was employed. t- test was conducted to evaluate the significant of independent variables in the model not statistically significant at 5 percent level. Auto correlation and heteroscedaticity test were employed as the second order test.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The Nigeria economy has witness a slow pace growth of less 5 percent in the decades. Various reasons have been advanced to this development but the most apparent have been poor investment climate in the economy and this has been attributed to the low available investable funds.
The stimulation of sustained economy growth requires a balance investment in physical and financial assets human and social capital as well as natural and environmental capitals.
Nigeria has been classified as low saving and even lower investment economy (Ajakaiye 2002) one of the principal objectives of the Nigerian government under the 1999 democratic dispensation is fostering of sustained economic growth. Over the years, the government has been in the driver’s seat in growth the government economy. But lessons of experience have shown that government cannot regulate the economy effectively. A typical example has been the shift under the National economic empowerment and development strategy (NEEDS) which has recommended the need to restructure and deepen the financial system. Some economist like Mc Kinnon and Shaw (1973) said that rising investment alone is not sufficient enough to bring about growth and the role of financial institutions is very vital. In particular the new express of that the role of capacity fund is very critical to the success of any endeavor (World Bank 1998). In this regards, it is therefore important to investment the determinants to investment in economy in the past three decades.
Banking sub sector in Nigeria has remained foreign in rural areas. But recently the establishment of community banks (now micro finance banks) has been, to deepen their operation in rural areas. These banks with government assistance give loans and mobilize savings from rural areas for further investment in Nigeria.
In addition government have tried to provide necessary infrastructure in rural areas reduce the rate of rural- urban migration for the purpose of compelling the rural population to take agriculture to grater height as it was in past 38 years, however, the diversification of the various sectors of the economy has been the main objective of the government. This is to increase employment which will increase income and saving for investment.
But the process so far have not been adequate because of political instability and police inconsistence which range from corruption of political administrators and negative effects of transitional government.
Diversification of different key sectors of the economy like agriculture and industry increase employment, incomes, consumptions, savings demand and generally, aggregate investment level that will broaden and Deeping the society standard of living. But dismissal growth record in most African countries relatives to other region of the world has been of concern to economist. (World bank, 1998).
This is because the growth rate registered in most African countries including Nigeria is often not commensurate with the level of investment.
In Nigeria for instance, the economy witnessed tremendous growth in the early and late 1970(World Bank) as a result of the oil boom.
This increased investment especially in the public sector, but with the collapse of the oil market prices in the early and mid-1980s investment fill, thereby causing a fall in economic growth. For example, during the investment boom, gross investment as a percentage of GDP was 16.8% and 31.4% in 1974 and 1976 respectively ,where as it decline to 9.5 and 8.7 percent in 1984 and 1985 due to the depression (world bank).
Although the rise in oil prices during the 1990-1991 periods was supposed to spark off an investment but that was not the case in Nigeria. The Nigeria military government for instance was inexperience in formulating economy policies and thus,left that task to bureaucracy (Idoko 1996). The unit was that investment decisions which were undertaken with great decline, the government in 1986 adopted IMF World Bank structural adjustment programmer (SAP) with a view in providing stable macro-economic and investment environment.
To this end interest rate that were previously fixed and negative in real terms were replaced by an interest rate regime which is driven by market force. The policy shift de-emphasized direct investment stimulation through low interest rate and encourages savings mobilization by decontrolling interest rate (World Bank 1996). Consequently, the objective of enhanced investment and output growth was not realized as the countries investment failed to erase to anything near the level it has reached in the 1970s.
Although successive government has implemented policies and strategies raising the level of savings and investments, this policy so far has been erratic as a result of the recent change in government as a result of political instability.
In addition, the experience of East Asia countries suggested that an investment rate of between 20 and 25 percent could endanger growth rate of between 7 and 8 percent. Strategically evidence reveals that output represented as the GDP in Nigeria shows a picture growth after the civil war, following the oil boom of the 1970 such that growth rate stood at 21.3% in 1971(Bage 2003).
Therefore, for Nigeria to register increase in growth and development there is need to increase the private investment that will lead to higher growth, as was the case of Asian countries.
Finally an analysis of domestic investment require a simultaneous link to GDP as aggregate factor interest rate and other unique variables that reacts to fluctuations in investment like debt ratio, business environment real exchange rate government expenditure and provision of infrastructure etc.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the study 1
- 1.2 Statement of the problem 6
- 1.3 Research Question 8
- 1.4 Objective of the study 8
- 1.5 Statement of the hypothesis 8
- 1.6 Importance of study 8
- 1.7 Scope / limitations of the study
- Literature Review
- 2.1 Literature Review 10
- 2.2 Empirical Literature 24
- 2.3 Limitations of previous studies 32
- Research Methodology 34
- 3.2 Model specification 34
- 3.3 Multiple regression 35
- 3.4 Evaluation Methodology 36
- 3.5 Data and software 37
- Presentation And Analysis Of Results
- 4.1 Regression results Presentation 38
- 4.2 Analysis of the results of the regression 39
- 4.3 Evaluation based on statistical criteria 41
- Summary, Conclusion And Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary of Results 46
- 5.2 Recommendation 46
- 5.3 Conclusion 47
- REFERENCES 49
- Newspapers 50
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The displayed research work titled "A Study on the Determinants of Investment in Nigeria (1985-2011)" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the study 1
- 1.2 Statement of the problem 6
- 1.3 Research Question 8
- 1.4 Objective of the study 8
- 1.5 Statement of the hypothesis 8
- 1.6 Importance of study 8
- 1.7 Scope / limitations of the study
- Literature Review
- 2.1 Literature Review 10
- 2.2 Empirical Literature 24
- 2.3 Limitations of previous studies 32
- Research Methodology 34
- 3.2 Model specification 34
- 3.3 Multiple regression 35
- 3.4 Evaluation Methodology 36
- 3.5 Data and software 37
- Presentation And Analysis Of Results
- 4.1 Regression results Presentation 38
- 4.2 Analysis of the results of the regression 39
- 4.3 Evaluation based on statistical criteria 41
- Summary, Conclusion And Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary of Results 46
- 5.2 Recommendation 46
- 5.3 Conclusion 47
- REFERENCES 49
- Newspapers 50
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "A Study on the Determinants of Investment in Nigeria (1985-2011)" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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