THE SINO-AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONS

ABSTRACT

Sino-African relations refer to the historical, political, economic, military, cultural connection between mainland Nigeria and the African continent, and social, in which the Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) remains a government-owned entity with the largest asset-base in terms of landed property. The relationship between Africa and Nigeria has assumed a matter of significant interest for scholars, policy makers and the global development community in general. Investigation reveals the following problem of the existing Sino-African relations and development (a case study of railway transport) research work; the railway institution suffered casualty in greater part of post-colonial administrations, in Nigeria as a result of longstanding neglect, though efforts are on to revamp the Nigerian railway system, issues of uneven rail network-spread, minority groups' exclusion and lack of modern technology in rail transport management and operations remain unresolved, insufficient information relating to the determination of the nature and impact of Nigeria investments in Africa, and improper investigation of the contemporary Sino-African Relations and development Infrastructural Sector. The general assumptions were that Nigeria renewed interest in Africa is mainly based upon China's economic pursuits. The following are the specific objectives of the study to: determine the nature of Nigeria investments in Africa, determine the impacts brought by Nigeria's investments on Africa, investigate the contemporary Sino-African Relations, and analyze the facilities needed for Sino-African development of Infrastructural Sector. With furtherance to the research work, the study will be beneficial to Sino-African officials by providing relevant information about the nature and impact of Nigeria investments in Africa using railway transportation system, and it will also serve as a reference material to subsequent research.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of Study

Sino-African relations or Afro-Chinese relations refer to the historical, political, economic, military, social, and cultural connection between mainland China and the African continent. Little is known about ancient relations between China and the African continent, though there is some evidence of early trade connections. Highlights of medieval contacts include the 14th-century journey of Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan scholar and traveler to parts of China; the 14th-century visit of Sa'id of Mogadishu, the Somali scholar and explorer; and the 15th-century Ming dynasty voyages of Chinese admiral Zheng He and his fleet, which rounded the coast of Somalia, passing the Ajuran Sultanate, and followed the coast down to the Mozambique Channel. Glass beads and porcelain from China have been discovered at Great Zimbabwe, an ancient city located in present-day Zimbabwe (Wikipedia, 2021).

The Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) remains a government-owned entity with the largest asset-base in terms of landed property. Buildings, machines and the gamut of railroad network are principally acquisitions of colonial administration. Due to continued neglect by successive post-colonial regimes, the once burgeoning enterprise plummeted to low ebb. The term ‘moribund' is now commonly used to describe the NRC. Such description is informed by the level of operational dysfunction that has beset the Corporation.

Nigeria, as noted by Eleazu (1977), is a country of high human spatial mobility. Such population characteristic connotes high public transport demand. The need for an efficient means of mass carriage/haulage is, therefore, important. A resolution to restore the Nigerian railway system for effective and efficient performance requires more than lip-service and misleading publicity. Rather, pragmatic developmental policies and the will to transform this crucial infrastructure for common good are fundamental for such change. The restoration referred herein goes beyond mere continuance. But requires a shift from the traditional philosophy underlying railway establishment and operation in Nigeria to a people-oriented facility is preferred.

Transforming Nigeria's moribund railway to function contemporarily may seem formidable when we consider the enormity of fund requirement. What this paper seeks to address is the need for a shift in the Nigeria railway operational framework, from exploitative resource extraction corridor to a more broad-based mass transit facility. Given the level of rail service quality currently offered in Nigeria, there is the need to work toward meeting modern passenger and customers' expectations. Cost is identified as a considerable factor for meeting users' expectations. It is therefore sensible that provision of such infrastructure must be at minimum cost to the economy. To this end, a roadmap for adapting the colonial Nigerian railway infrastructure to modernity is proposed.

The relationship between Africa and China has assumed a matter of significant interest for scholars, policy makers and the global development community in general. While the relationship witnessed some resurgence from the 1990s, scholars have contended that it was not altogether new as previous relationship has existed between the two economic blocs as far back as the establishment of the modern state of the Peoples' Republic of China in 1949 (Brautigam, 2009, Brautigam and Gaye, 2007). The interest that thisrelationship has generated has also been critically analysed from the perspectives of the negative reaction from the West, especially among scholars, Journalists and politicians (Oloo, 2011, Tull, 2008).

1.2 Statement of Problems

Investigation reveals the following problem of the existing Sino-African relations and development (a case study of Nigeria Railway Cooperation Transport System) research work;

The railway institution suffered casualty in greater part of post-colonial administrations, in Nigeria as a result of longstanding neglect.
Though efforts are on to revamp the Nigerian railway system, issues of uneven rail network-spread, minority groups' exclusion and lack of modern technology in rail transport management and operations remain unresolved.
Insufficient information relating to the determination of the nature and impact of Nigeria investments in Africa
Improper investigation of the contemporary Sino-African Relations and development Infrastructural Sector.

1.3 Objectives of Study

The general assumptions were that Nigeria renewed interest in Africa is mainly based upon Nigeria's economic pursuits. The following are the specific objectives of the study:

To determine the nature of Nigeria investments in Africa
To determine the impacts brought by Nigeria's investments on Africa
To investigate the contemporary Sino-African Relations
To analyze the facilities needed for Sino-African development of Infrastructural Sector.

1.4 Research Questions

The questions that emerged from this study that are not yet answered sufficiently include:

Can China serves as a development catalyst in the current economic collapse of many Nigeria states?
How is this relationship transforming or undermining economic development in Nigeria?
What are the implications of Sino-African relations for the reconfiguration of the global politics?
How can Africa maximize the benefits of increasing Nigeria presence on the continent, while minimizing the negative effects?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The following research hypotheses will be formulated and tested in this study:

Hypothesis One

H0: There will be no significant difference in the development catalyst in the current economic collapse of many Nigeria states.
H1: There is a significant difference in the development catalyst in the current economic collapse of many Nigeria states.

Hypothesis Two

H0: There will be no significant relationship transforming or undermining economic development in Nigeria
H1: There is a significant relationship transforming or undermining economic development in Nigeria

Hypothesis Three

H0: There will be no significant difference in the implications of Sino-African relations for the reconfiguration of the global politics.
H1: There is a significant difference in the implications of Sino-African relations for the reconfiguration of the global politics.

1.6 Scope of Study

The study focuses on Sino-African relations and development using Nigeria Railway Cooperation (NRC) transportation system as a case study, which covers the nature and impact of Nigeria's investments on Africa.

1.7 Significance of Study

With furtherance to the research work, the study will be beneficial to Sino-African officials by providing relevant information about the nature and impact of Nigeria investments in Africa using railway transportation system, and it will also serve as a reference material to subsequent research.

1.8 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.

1.9 Definition of Technical Terms

NRC: This is an acronym for Nigeria Railway Cooperation

SGR: This is an acronym for Standard Gauge Railway

BRI: This is an acronym for Belt and Road Initiative

Sino: Sino is a prefix generally refers to: China (Chinese people)

Africa: Africa is the world's second-largest and most populous continent, after Asia in both cases.

Relations: The way in which two or more people or things are connected; a thing's effect on or relevance to another.

Development: This is the process of developing or being developed.

Railway: This is a track made of steel rails along which trains run. It is also a network of tracks with the trains, organization, and personnel required for it's working.

Transport: This is the movement of animal, goods and humans from one location to another.

Railway Transport: This is a means of transferring passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are located on tracks.

System: This is a set of things working together as part of a mechanism or an interconnecting network; a complex whole.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material

The Sino-African Development and Relations (A Case Study of Nigeria Railway Cooperation Transport System) can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.

Seminar Material Cost
₦3,000

Project Material Cost
₦5,000

Request Complete Material

Complete Material Chapters of The SinoAfrican Development and Relations A Case Study of Nigeria Railway Cooperation Transport System

Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;

Preliminary Pages,
Chapter 1-5,
References and Appendix.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
1.2 Statement of Problems
1.3 Objectives of Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Limitations of the study
1.9 Definition of Technical Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Concept of Africa–China Relations
2.2.1 Historical Relations
2.2.3 Contemporary relations
2.3 Sino-African Economic Relations in historical and contemporary perspectives
2.4 Trade Relations between China and Africa
2.5 Foreign Direct Investment
2.6 Sino-African Development Aids
2.7 Sino-African Relations and Economic development in Nigeria
2.8 China and Africa relations in a changing global order
2.9 Chinese Investment in Railway Transport Infrastructure Development in Africa
2.10 Research Gaps in Afro-China Engagement
2.10.1 Impacts of Mega BRI Infrastructure Projects in Africa
2.10.2 Incentives and Policy Environment Necessary for Making SGR Competitive in Kenya
2.11 Theoretical Framework
2.12 Rail Transport Establishment in Nigeria
2.12.1 Colonial Railway Stretch
2.12.3 Operational Model of Rail Transport
2.13 Railway Resuscitation Efforts
2.14 Nigerian Railway and the Minority Populace
…
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Data Sources
3.3 Research Design
3.4 Sources of Data Collection
3.4.1 Primary source
3.4.2 Secondary source
3.5 Population of the Study
3.6 Sample and Sampling Procedure
3.7 Instrument for Data Collection
3.8 Validation of the Research Instrument
3.7 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 History of Sino-African relations
4.4 Contemporary Sino-African Relations
4.5 Nigeria Investments in Africa
4.5.1. Mining
4.5.2 Agriculture
4.5.3 Construction and Infrastructure Sector
4.5.4 Energy Sector
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A “List of Tables and Figures”
APPENDIX B “Questionnaire Administration”

Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Sino-African Development and Relations" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can the material for “Web-Based Alumni Database Management System” be used as a guide for Software Engineering Project?

Yes it can be used — An Automated Web based Alumni Database Management System is a way of bringing many methods of reporting and control into one working environment. The aim of the study is to design and implement of a Web-based Alumni Database Management System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will keep alumni information organized under administrative control no matter how disparate, fast changing or intricate it may seem, incorporate automation in the storage and retrieval of alumni information and provide ease of access through the use of well-designed, user friendly interfaces and the World Wide Web. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the …

Can the material for “Fracture Mechanics Approach for the Maintenance of Offshore Oil and Gas Pipeline” be used as a guide for Science and Engineering Project?

Yes it can be used — Failure of offshore oil and gas pipelines occurs under certain conditions due to some applied mechanical forces. These conditions constitute a potential threat to the integrity of in-service life span of the pipelines which can lead to loss of resources and environmental pollution. Several studies have shown that pipelines fail as a result of Welding, Fatigue Crack Growth, Corrosion Fatigue, Stress Corrosion Cracking, and Erosion due to fluid flow. This paper presents a model by using fracture mechanics to analyze the allowable applied stresses an in service pipeline needs to withstand in minimizing crack growth. Furthermore, the crack size, crack shape and hole radius with pipe thickness will be modeled. The modeling results will be validated using experimental data. The implications …

Is the topic “Effect of Cooperative Learning on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Basic Technology” recommended for Education Project?

Yes it is highly recommended — The study was designed to explore the effect of cooperative learning on academic achievement of 110 secondary education students toward the bacic technology subject over the eight weeks of instruction at ONELGA rivers state. These students were divided into two matched groups of 55 to be taught by the same teacher. In the experimental group, cooperative learning was employed, while in the control group, lecture-based teaching was used. The results showed that after approximately 8 weeks students who were instructed using cooperative learning achieved significantly higher scores on the achievement posttests than did students who were instructed using lecture-based teaching. The study supports the effectiveness of cooperative learning in secondary education. The data were analyzed through t-test formula. Recommendation and …

Can this topic “Formulation and Evaluation of Some Healthy Natural Juice Blends” be used for Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — The study formulates and evaluates Some Healthy Natural Juice Blends. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to prepare healthful fresh juices from different vegetable and fruit blends and assess the intensity of sensory attributes and the acceptability evaluation by consumers. Fruit and vegetable juices are popular and healthful drinks for their nutritional value. Fresh juices contain antioxidants, vitamins and minerals that are essential to promote healthy life in human beings and they also play an important role in the prevention of many diseases. Blended Juice is one of the methods that is used to improve the nutritional quality of the final product, where it improve vitamins and minerals contents according to the kind and quality …

Can this topic “Poverty and Political Violence amongst Youth in Nigeria” be used for Political Science Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — Elections are the central processes of democratic representative government because in any democracy the authority of government derives solely from the consent of the governed. The aim of the study is to scrutinize the Poverty and Political Violence amongst Youth in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the role of poverty in instigating political violence, ascertain if there is any significant relationship between poverty and political violence in Warri-South Local Government Area, examine the effect of political violence on the democratic process of Nigeria, and ascertain impact of poverty as a catalyst to political violence in Nigeria. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain …

Can the material for “Genesis, Problems and Prospects of Property Development Agency in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Estate Management (EM) Project?

Yes it can be used — Property and economic development share symbolic relationship. For developing countries, property business should form a major part of economic development and an alternative or income. Starting in the 1960s as part of the emerging field of law and economics, economists and legal scholars began to study the property rights enjoyed by tenants under various estates being carried out by property development agencies. Development process required skills of many professionals which has made the process tedious and cumbersome for an average development agency. Property development remains a viable and profitable venture hence, the need for Government to put certain measures in place so as to reduce the problems and difficulties development agencies face and also to meet the growing housing needs of the masses. Property …

Can the material for “The Social Cultural Factors Affecting the Use of Family Planning” be used as a guide for Sociology Project?

Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to examine the Social Cultural Factors Affecting the Use of Family Planning using Oredo Local Government Area as a case study. Research has shown that the issues with using family planning techniques include the perception that women should bear the brunt of the blame for having a large number of children. Furthermore, until an unintended pregnancy occurs, women do not discuss family planning or contraception with their spouses.One of the social-cultural factors that are the rules that determine what should or should not be done. The researcher observed that the study area does not have a norm that promotes the use of family planning. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire …

Can this topic “Influence of Mate Selection and Self-Disclosure on Marital Stability Among Couples” be used for Guidance and Counselling Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — This study attempted to examine the influence of mate selection and self-disclosure on marital stability among couples in Lagos State. The descriptive research design was used in the study. The questionnaire was used to assess the opinions of the selected respondents with the collection of relevant data from them, while the sampling technique was used to select the sample size of the study. A total of 120 (One hundred and twenty) respondents were selected by the application of the stratified sampling technique. Also, a total of four (4) null hypotheses were stated and tested with the application of independent t-test statistical tool at 0.05 level of significance. At the end of the tests, it was found that a significant relationship between mate selection …

Can the material for “Internal Control System as a Means of Preventing Fraud in Financial Institution” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?

Yes it can be used — The focus of this work is to examine the importance of controlling fraud internally in financial institution through some tactic measures, a case study of First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Benin. Fraud in financial institutions in particular and in organizations in general has been a major challenges and threat to the growth and development of organization/ institutions and the country in general. It is an undisputable fact that many financial institutions has failed in the past and some are staggering today because of their inability to manage and control fraud internally in their institutions. Therefore this very work aimed at providing necessary hints for financial institution on how to carry out effective measures in curbing internal fraud in order to achieve organizational …

Can this topic “The Comparative Method in Globalized Criminology” be used for Criminology Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — The study was conducted to consider the current constitution, and likely future prospects, of the field of criminology, and to examine in particular how it might be becoming more global in nature. The term €˜criminology' will be used broadly, referring to the academic field as a whole, and hence including the study of the causes of crime, responses to crime including criminal justice, as well as to the field's many sub-disciplines. The research begins by considering international and comparative criminology, before reviewing previous work that has raised the prospect of a 'global criminology.' The focus then shifts to consideration of the question, 'what is criminology?', prompted in particular by the various essays in Bosworth and Hoyle (eds) (2011). It is argued …