THE EFFECT AND CAUSES OF PRISON BREAK IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Prison break and jail breaks in Nigeria have created a negative image for the country. However, the lack of adequate research to reveal the causes of prison break and jail breaks in Nigeria has made control difficult and impacted negatively in the relevance of prison in Nigeria. The aim of the study is to examine The Effect and Causes of Prison Break in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to determine the causes of prison breaks in Nigerian prisons, examine the impact prison breaks in Nigerian prisons, and suggest ways prison break can be managed in Nigerian prisons. Three major research instruments were used to collect the qualitative data for this study. In-depth interview guide (IDI), Focus group discussion (FGD) and non-participatory observation were used to obtain data for the study. The study was conducted at Agodi prison yard, Ibadan Oyo state Command Secretariat, CP quarters Jericho Ibadan, Oyo Prisons, and Ogbomosho farm centre. Other secondary sources of data include text books, journals and newspapers. The researcher consulted legal practitioners and non-governmental organizations that operate within the prisons. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and content analysis. The study adopted relative deprivation and frustration and aggression theories. The study revealed that high profile inmates spear head violence in Nigeria prison. Government negligence, deteriorating facilities and overcrowding caused inmates to protest. Poor prison management style and corrupt practices by prison officials equally led to prison break. The study concluded that to achieve effective management of the prison and reduce prison break, both the government and the prison management must take their responsibilities seriously. Prison officials must be trained adequately on how to prevent and manage prison break constructively.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Prison break is an unlawful act under Nigerian law, of a prisoner forcing their way out of a prison. It can also be described as attacks on the Nigerian Prisons Services by terrorists such as Boko Haram and armed robbers in which many prisoners are released (Smith, 2010). Often, when this occurs, efforts are made by the Nigerian Prisons Services in conjunction with security agency to nearest the escapee and return them to the prison and this may result in the extension of their jail term (Wikipedia, 2021). Prison break in Nigeria may be attributed to corruption, poor funding of the prison services, poor prison facilities, inadequate security features such as CCTV, motion sensors, high wall made up of barbed wire and sometimes electric fencing of the wall (Beam, 2011).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Prisons in Nigeria are a major institution. Inmates locked within the prison walls are segregated from the outside world, kept under constant scrutiny and surveillance, and forced to obey a strict code of oicial rules to avoid facing formal sanctions and consequences. Their personal possessions are taken from them and they must conform to institutional dress and personal appearance norms. Many human functions are thoroughly curtailed — heterosexual activity, friendship, family relationships, society, education, and participation in groups become seriously restricted or to a higher level entirely cut-o [Senna and Siegel, 1981].
It is an institution designed to warehouse people who have been convicted or suspected of crimes. These individuals, known as prisoners or inmates, are kept in continuous custody on a short or long-term basis. Individuals who commit the most serious crimes are sent to prison for one or more years; the more serious the oense, the longer the prison term imposed. For certain crimes, such as murder, oenders may be sentenced to life imprisonment. The major objective of the Nigerian Prisons Service is essentially to hold in custody all those legally interned and accused (Awaiting Trial Persons) while ensuring that all prisoners have access to speedy and fair justice.
The Nigerian Prisons Service is also charged with the core responsibility of promoting public protection by providing assistance for oenders in their reformation and rehabilitation under safe, secure and humane conditions, in accordance with universally accepted standards and to facilitate their social reintegration into the society. The Nigerian Prisons Service is supposed to guide and assist the authorities in achieving peaceful and non-riotous situations in the prisons. However, frequent prison breaks in Nigerian prisons have continued to occur. Hence, this trend poses a great research interest, since it is a security threat, not only to the prison authority, but to national security in general. It is then an interesting exercise in trying by way of academic research to unravel the reasons as to why there are incessant prison breaks in Nigeria in recent times.
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Effect and Causes of Prison Break in Nigeria.
1.3 Statement of Problem
The poor infrastructure and lack of adequate care of prison inmates in Nigerian prisons have led to the frequent cases of prison breaks in Nigeria which have posed a lot of security challenges to the country. This has regrettably led to the increase of crime and other vices. The Nigerian prison service have overtime been put the blame but the blame shouldn't be laid to their feet alone as the Nigerian government should have part of the blame as well. Prison or prison breaks does not augur well for any society let alone Nigeria.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The main aim of the study is to examine the effect and causes of prison break in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To determine the causes of prison breaks in Nigerian prisons.
- To examine the impact prison breaks in Nigerian prisons.
- To suggest ways prison break can be managed in Nigerian prisons.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What are the causes of prison breaks in Nigerian prisons?
- What is the impact prison breaks in Nigerian prisons?
- How can prison break be managed in Nigerian prisons?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
- H0: Prison breaks have no significant effect on the security of Nigeria.
- H1: Prison breaks have significant effect on the security of Nigeria.
1.7 Significance of Study
The study would greatly benefit the Nigerian prison service and by extension the governments at all levels as it would reveal the effect of jail break on the security of Nigeria while highlighting the ways of curbing such. The study would also be of immense benefit to students, researchers and scholars who are interested in developing further studies on the subject matter.
This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.8 Scope Of The Study
The study is restricted to the effect and causes of prison breaks in Nigeria using the kuje prisons Abuja as a case study.
1.9 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this establishment to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
The Effect and Causes of Prison Break in Nigeria can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Effect and Causes of Prison Break in Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Effect and Causes of Prison Break in Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is the topic “Northern Feudalism and Voters Mobilization in the 2015 Presidential Elections” recommended for Political Science Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The study was designed to investigate the attributes of Northern Feudalism in relation to the mobilization of voters’ in the just conclude 2015 presidential election. In this study, an application of theory of Marxian political economy relating to a society at the feudal stage of development reveals the kind of relationship that exist between the Northern leaders and the masses. Also, the dependency theory as applied explains what the scenario is like in the north especially between the leaders who have it all and the masses who seek after better life and the abidance to religious doctrine (s). Lastly, theory of ethnic mobilization as espoused by Peter Veermesch (2011) explains why in their state the voters in northern Nigeria are …
Can the material for “An Investigation Into Water Demand and Distribution in Ilorin West Local Government” be used as a guide for Civil and Environmental Engineering Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to investigate the Water Demand and Distribution in Ilorin West Local Government. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to determine how to improve the water supply infrastructure sustainably and examine the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and pattern of water consumption in the area under study. Investigation revealed that about 80% of all the diseases in the developing countries are related to unsafe water supply and inadequate sanitation. Lack of access to improved sanitation and safe water supply is a global crisis. The fast growth of the study area has contributed to the high demand of water supply and consumption within it. A lot of residents are dependent on boreholes and …
Can the material for “The Relationship Between Certain Institutional Factors and Students Withdrawal Rates in Schools” be used as a guide for Educational Management Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to examine the Relationship Between Certain Institutional Factors and Students Withdrawal Rates in Schools using Lagos State as a case study. Investigation showed that the history of failing grades is the reason behind Students' propensity to withdraw from school. Students with poor academic records are more likely to drop out than those with good records. Despite these significant investments, it appears that the public and even educational authorities have been concerned in recent years due to the increased number of students withdrawing from school. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 220 (two hundred and twenty) respondents were …
Is the topic “Effect of Cooperative Society on Poverty Reduction among Rural Women Farmers” recommended for Cooperative Economics and Management (CEM) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The study is aimed at investigating the Effect of Cooperative Society on Poverty Reduction among Rural Women Farmers using Afikpo South L.G.A. Ebonyi State as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following objectives were set out as follows to: examine the socio-economic characteristics of the rural women farmers in Afikpo South L.G.A. Ebonyi State, assess the incidence, depth and severity of poverty among the respondents, examine the determinants of poverty among the rural women farmers, examine the influence of cooperative membership on poverty status of rural women farmers, and investigate the constraint affecting cooperative society in alleviating poverty among rural women farmers. Poverty is seriously severe in rural areas where social services and infrastructures are limited or not …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized National Identity Card Processing System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — This project is aimed at improving along lasting processing and administration system on National Identity card. It is also aimed at keeping records of all processing and administration system for national Identity card with view of modifying it into a full computerized system. The study covers the areas of application entry, record verification, list generation, code numbering and maintenance of the managed information. The new system developed is very easy to use and gives answers to report generation. Problems which evolved form the existing system as a result of inefficiency will be notified and new system design implemented. During the analysis, examination of written documents, oral interviews as well as text books, journals will be used for data collection and …
Is the topic “The Problem of Financing Government Corporations” recommended for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research was carried out problem of Financial of Financing Government Corporation and a particular reference with TRACAS, while carrying out this research work these are the areas that this research work concentrated. The first chapter is the introductory part of the research work. This chapter also contains the background of the study, statement of problems, research question etc. Data for the study was sourced from two main source, which include primary data: Questionnaire and oral interviews were used to collect information from the respondents. Secondary data: Journals, Magazine and other relevant materials relative to the area of my investigation will be review. Extensive Literature review was carried out on direct Literature and indirect literature on books, journals and past …
Is the topic “Problems of Teaching Accounting in Selected Secondary Schools” recommended for Education Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — A review of related literature to my study and researcher’s personal observation helped me in drawing up the questionnaire. The items of the questionnaire were designed according to the problems that were investigated. The problems of facilities was significant and this hindered mass participation of students. The problems of inadequate number of trained and qualified accounting teachers incurred popularity of the subject in the schools. The problems of large enrollment of students in the schools as a result of population explosion due to the introduction of Universal Primary Education (U.P.E.) made teaching of accounting ineffective in the schools because of unwieldiness of classes. The problems of teaching aids and method were identified and this contributed to students uninterested in taking account in the …
Can the material for “The Contribution of Production Skills in the Management of Business Organization to Gain Competitive Advantage” be used as a guide for Business Management Project?
Yes it can be used — Production skills is a basic element in maintaining the production capacity of an organization is an important function in any production organization. The aim of the study is to determine the Application of Production Skills in the Management of Business Organisation to Gain Competitive Advantage. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to evaluate the impact of production skills to gain competitive advantage, determine management strategies to sustain competitive advantage, and find out innovative strategies for developing new products. Production skills entails Industries and business organization be it private or public, have one thing in common, the human workforce, this could confidently be said, that organization, will not exist without its human resources, since a business …
Can the material for “Assessment of Bookkeeping Practices and Its Relevance to SMEs” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of the Nigerian economy in terms of contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and job creations. SMEs play a major role in economic development through employment creation and income generation. The study assesses the Bookkeeping Practices and its Relevance to SMEs using Some Selected SMEs in Nigeria as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to assess whether SMEs in the Local Government Area were practicing bookkeeping, examine methods of recordkeeping by SMEs, determine how recordkeeping enhances the development of SMEs and examine the challenges to proper record keeping. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Online Post-UTME System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Registration for the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination, UTME, is organised by the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board, JAMB, for admission into tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This registration is conducted in all the states in Nigeria in a given period of the year. Many a times, the process is cumbersome, not organized and posses a lot of stress to students. So, the goal of this project is to provide a readily accessible and user- friendly system for students to register for UTME online and also to access the result of the examination online. This would be similar to other online registration forms, but it will also feature the following advantages; as a web-based system, students will be able to have access …