THE ATTITUDE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS TOWARDS HIV VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Background Of The Study
The Joint United Nations program on HIV/AIDS estimates that currently, there are 39.4 million people living with HIV worldwide, with 4.9 million new cases of HIV infection in the year and 3.1 million deaths due to .AIDS. Of the approximately 40 million people afflicted with HIV/AIDS worldwide, the top threelocations are in nations of sub-Saharan Africa, with 25.4 million, cases, .followed by 9.6 million combined cases in nations of Asia Eastern Europe and 1 million cases in North America. A joint report on the AIDS pandemic by .UNAIDS and the WHO pointed to steep increases in HIV inflections in East Asia Eastern Europe and Central Asia between 2002-2004.
Many World health bodies since the discovery of HIV / AIDS ·have been reporting frightening increases in the prevalence rates − the virus and syndrome, particularly between adolescent and youths. Half of the newly HIV infectedpersons are about 15,000. 6,000 per day and they are aged 15-,29 largely adolescents under which undergraduates’ falls. This alarming rate of spread of HIV/ AIDS also includes Nigeria, where about 5.4% of adults (ages 15-49) are living with HIV / AIDS.
University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria of about 35,000 populations with 100 different cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Student life in University of Lagos is very active and dynamic and since these students are youths therefore, it is a common thing to find them with common interests which can lead to best of times or worst of times or atime of marvelous new birth as a result of the friendship tie that are formed between boys and girls and that are often centered around sex.
HIV voluntary testing is a process whereby an individual willingly accept to go for a HIV test and before the test is conducted, he or she is counseled, the counseling is aimed at enabling the client to cope with stress and take personal decision relating to HIV/AIDS. The counseling is provided to prevent further transmission of HIV and provide psychosocial support to those infected. After the counseling, HIV antibody test is conducted to identify the presence of antibodies to HIV in the blood and afterwards a ·post − test counseling is carried out which will depend on the test result.
Research evidence show that undergraduate attitude towards HIV voluntary testing is a very important factor in knowing the HIV status of the population of a nation like Nigeria who is named among those countries where levels of knowledge of safe sex and HIV remain low. For instance, student who cultivate negative attitude towards voluntary testing are pure evidence that their perception about HIV/AIDS IS very poor therefore, there is the need for intense advocacy for voluntary counseling and testing and all undergraduates should endeavour to willingly go for voluntary HIV· test which will held in curbing the increasing number of HIV transmission.
In the present circumstance. of this scourge of HIV/AIDS, voluntary counseling and testing is paramount and this is urgently needed, especially by the undergraduates who are seen as a vulnerable group and who are constantly influenced by the environment in which they live, particularly among their peers. Hence; there is the need for this research work to determine the attitude of undergraduates of the University of Lagos towards HIV voluntary testing.
1.2 Statement Of Problem
The issue of increasing’ number of HIV infections and AIDS have become a global debate, since the discovery of this killer virus reports have shown’ the frightening increase in the prevalence rates of the virus and. syndrome, particularly among adolescent and youths. This alarming rate of spread of HIV infections and AIDS also includes country like Nigeria where 5.4% of adults (ages 15-49) are living with the HIV infection and AIDS.
Therefore, the study is conceived to gain insight into the attitude of undergraduates of University of Lagos towards HIV voluntary testing. It will try to find answers to the following:
- Will students of University of Lagos be knowledgeable able voluntary counseling and testing?
- Will students of University of Lagos consider VCT as useful in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS?
- Will students of University of Lagos know where to access VCT Centres?
- Will students of University of Lagos know their HIV status?
1.3 Purpose Of Study
The major purpose of this study will be to:
- Find out whether the attitude of undergraduates towards HIV voluntary testing will be positive.
1.4 Significance Of The Study
Since knowledge breeds action and informed response then, there is the need to inform undergraduates of University of Lagos the need for HIV voluntary testing which will make them to know their HIV status and when this is known they are at the epicenter of preventing the progression of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
The result of this research will provide undergraduates the opportunities of awareness on safer options, maintain safer sexual and drug- related behaviours.
It will also provide an opportunity to further reduce the spread, burden and stigma of HIV/AIDS.
1.5 Research Questions
- Will the student of University of Lagos want to go for HIV voluntary test?
- Will the student of University of Lagos accept the fact that VCT helps in curbing HIV transmission?
- Will the student of University of Lagos be able to name two VCT Centres?
- Will the student. of University of Lagos know their HIV status
1.6 Hypotheses
- Students In University of- Lagos will not be knowledgeable about HIV Voluntary Counseling and testing.
- Students in University of Lagos will not know their HIV status.
- Students In University of Lagos will not consider HIV voluntary counselingand testing useful in preventing the spread of HIV
- Students in University of Lagos will not be aware of facilities offering HIV voluntary counseling and testing.
1.7 Delimitation
The study was delimited to only undergraduates of University of Lagos from two faculties namely:-
- Education
- Social Sciences
1.8 Limitation
The major constraint In the course of study Was that of fatigue experienced by the researcher and the administration of questionnaires, as most of the respondents were not ready to sit and tick any questionnaire, most of the respondents were afraid to answer questions on HIV / AIDS.
The collection and coalition of data really proven difficulty due to the nature of research and subject used.
1.3 Definition Of Terms
AIDS:
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HIV:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Virus:
The smallest of the microorganisms that causes diseases.
Endemic:
An endemic disease is always present in a particular place.
Prevalent:
Common at a particular time or in a particular place
Pandemic:
A disease that affects the population of a large area.
Immune System:
The system by which your body protects itself against disease.
Intravenous:
An injection that is done into a vein. CIRCUMCISION: The act of cutting off the skin at the end of the penis (male] the Clitoris (female).
Scarification:
The making of small cuts on an area of skin using a sharp knife.
VCT:
Voluntary Counseling and Testing.
Specificity:
Of a HIV test is the percentage of HIV negative cases that are correctly identified as negative by the test.
Sensitivity:
Of a HIV test is the percentage of HIV positive cases that are correctly identified as positive by the test.
FHI:
Family Health International
SWAAN:
Society for Women And Aids In Africa Nigeria Chapter.
STIs:
Sexual Transmitted Infections
PLWHA:
People Living with HIV/AIDS
ARV:
Antiretroviral Drug
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
The Attitude of Undergraduate Students Towards HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Attitude of Undergraduate Students Towards HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Attitude of Undergraduate Students Towards HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can this topic “The Impact of Marginal Cost Components on Pharmaceutical Companies' Financial Performance in Nigeria” be used for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The broad objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of marginal cost elements on financial performance or pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria using GlaxoSmithKline consumers’ plc, May and Baker Nig. Plc, Neimeth international, may and Baker Nig. Plc as case studies. The specific objective however is to examine the impact of cost of sales, cost of research and development and selling and administration expenses on the ROA of the quoted companies. Five years secondary data from the annual report and accounts of the three companies quoted on the Nigeria stock exchange were collected and regression analysis was utilized in the data analysis. The study found a negative and insignificant relationship between cost of sales and ROA. Also, cost of …
Is the topic “Intelligent System to Monitor Students Mental State” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Student’s mental health is related to the decrease of students’ academic performance. Mental health, although not a new concern, has become increasingly acceptable to discuss in recent years. A growing body of research about college students’ mental health concerns underlines the need for educators to consider how mental health might affect students and what courses of action are available. The aim of the study is to design and implement a intelligent system to monitor students mental state. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will allow students interact by asking questions and explain instructional material to oneself in terms of the underlying domain knowledge. The motivation that led …
Can the material for “Entrepreneurship and Emerging Market in the Hospitality and Tourism Option” be used as a guide for Tourism and Hospitality Project?
Yes it can be used — Entrepreneurs introduced the concept of Tourism Businesses. Entrepreneurship plays a vital part in transforming the supply of leisure and recreational opportunities. Tourism entrepreneurship has been recognized as the basic way to provide strategic support for maintaining business development especially in rural areas. The study appraises the Entrepreneurship and Emerging Market in the Hospitality and Tourism Option using Landmark Beach and Landmark Hotel in Lagos State as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine how tourism has been of great contribution to Entrepreneurship and Emerging Market and investigate the employment opportunity relate with tourism development in Landmark Beach and Landmark Hotel in Lagos State. The research design used in this report is …
Can the material for “Appraisal of Expenditure Controls in Government” be used as a guide for Accountancy / Accounting Project?
Yes it can be used — The researcher has primarily examined some of the expenditure control techniques that are and could be applied in government. Noting the obstacles and their rate of effectiveness, emphasis are laid on the techniques already in application. Data for the research were gathered through interviews, questionnaires and financial regulations. Percentages were used in the data analysis. The following are the research findings. Budgeting, expenditure control and audits are commonly used by government in order to curb expenditures, cost benefits, analysis and management audits that could be applied are not in use. Variance analysis is the budgeting review technique universally applied for analyzing budgeting estimates. The effectiveness of each of these techniques are hindered by obstacles inherent in the implementation. Government indicates the goals to be …
Is the topic “An Examination of the Impact of Failed Banks on Nigeria Economy (1995 – 2005)” recommended for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research work in failed banker is with a view to examine its impact one the Nigerian economy. The statement of problem in this research work aimed at finding if there are reductions in the flow of inventible resources that could be channeled to the productive sector of the economy. Section II showed how the researcher made a random selection of 100 respondents from 3 selection banks arrived at a sample size of 50 which implies that 50 questionnaires were distributed and all were returned. This is followed by identifying the forms and causes of bank failure in Nigeria banks in section III; this section was what the researcher was able to do which other researcher failed to do. Section IV the major …
Can the material for “The Usefulness of Financial Statement in Persuasive the Performance Companies and in Guiding Investment Decisions” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — The use of financial statement in any business organization cannot be over emphasized financial statements are needed by variety of people for different purposes . for instance, the government needs the financial books of a company for taxation purposes, the investors want to know how profitable a company is and also the management of a company will like to know the level of their performance: all these cannot be known without the analysis of financial statements of the company or companies involved. The research work therefore, studies the usefulness of financial statements in assessing the performance of companies and in guiding investment decisions, in order to provide investors, management, government and others what the company is worth. …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Real Time Processing in Accounting Information System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work empirically synthesizes the design and implementation of real time processing in accounting information system. Real-time processing is an e-business term used to describe the situation whereby a user sends in transactions and awaits a response from a distant computer before continuing. Response time on the data communications facility is crucial when a customer is utilizing a voice call to obtain information requiring a quick response, i.e. booking an airline flight or obtaining stock details. In a real time processing, there is a continual input, process and output of data. Data has to be processed in a small stipulated time period (real time), otherwise it will create problems for the system. INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN CONTEXT AISs cover all …
Is the topic “Government Expenditure and Agricultural Production in Nigeria 2010-2017” recommended for Agricultural Business Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Over the years, Agriculture has proved to be the strongest means of livelihood all over the world. The produce from agriculture has been immense and the growth has been steadily upward in the developed countries. Developed countries has given adept attention to agriculture as the population of its citizens ride on geometric progression. In Nigeria, we have witnessed an upward and downward syndrome in the movement of Agricultural production. One major way to boost this movement and increase significant production is through the government expenditure. Government expenditure in this case are the resources (financial and material) that is injected into the Agricultural sector. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the probably the relationship that exists between government expenditure and agricultural …
Can the material for “Impact of Education Tax Fund in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Accounting Education Project?
Yes it can be used — This study is primarily concerned with finding out the impact of Education Tax Fund (ETF) in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. In the course of this study three research questions were mapped out to guide the researchers and related literatures were also reviewed in this study. The research design was descriptive survey method and the population comprises of all the students, lecturers and management of staff of Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education Owerri, Imo State. The sampling techniques used was simple size of 200 and purposive sampling techniques for lecturers and management staff with a sample size of 10. The data generally was analyzed with simple percentage and the result showed that education Tax Fund has not really impacted much on …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Folder Locker Application for Windows” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Now a day’s most of the user are facing problem for providing the security to the folder, so that it will not be accesses by the unauthorised user. Sometimes our folder is going to be corrupted by the viruses which will corrupt our important files. Taking in action all these problems I have designed a model which will provide a best security to a folders and also save it from the viruses using password authentication model. A Password based System are the systems in which alphanumeric password will be used for securing it as a pass key. Alphanumeric passwords are generally used for authentication process in most of the current systems. These passwords are usually short and memorable that’s why …