REVENUE ALLOCATION AND POLITICAL STABILITY IN NIGERIA 2010 TO 2015
ABSTRACT
The Nigerian federalism has from the inception of managing the allocation of revenue among its component parts met with virulent protestation that has degenerated into perennial crisis. The locus of contention has always been the unacceptable modality or parameter adopted in the allocation of revenue. The outcome has become a defining factor of social, economic and political relations among the classes, groups and beliefs within the federation. However, going by the logic or theories of federalism, financial subordination is a deviation from a proper working of federalism; in other words, all component parts including the central authority should have the power in the constitution to control its own resources fiscally. However, such theory does not consider weaker or disadvantaged areas in its exposition nor does it consider the issue of hegemony in relation to political power or control of natural resources. These are peculiarities that may not be common to other federalisms in history compared to Nigerian variance. This uniqueness places a horrific burden on the state in ensuring equitable distribution of revenue.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Nigeria is not only Africa's most populous nation state, but is also a major and prominent petroleum producing country in the continent. Over 90% of the country's external revenues are derived from crude oil exports, although the non oil producing sectors are beginning to exhibit significant revenue generating capabilities. Nigeria's vast crude oil reserves are geostrategically located in the Niger Delta region, which constitutes only 9 of the 36 states in the ethno culturally diverse federation. The Niger Delta region refers specifically to the following States:Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo and Rivers.
There are about forty ethnic groups and a population of over 30 million people who reside in the greater Niger Delta region. Some of the major ethnic groups in the Niger Delta include:the Ijaws, Itsekiris, Urhobos, Isoko, Edos, Igbos, Yorubas, Ogbia, Ibibios, the Ilajes, Ikweerres, Kalabaris, Efiks, and the Ogonis. The above map presents a vivid illustration of the geo-territorial configuration of the battle for crude oil in the modern Nigerian political system. Some of the Oil Majors operating in the resource rich, and destitute Niger Delta region, also dubbed as Nigeria's “Kuwait” include:Shell Petroleum Developing Company, Nigerian National Petroleum Company, Chevron/Texaco, Exxon Mobil, Total Fina, ELF Aquitaine, Agip and their subsidiary contracting companies.
Crude oil exports have fallen to less than 2 million barrels per day production as a result of pipeline vandalism, illegal bunkering or illegal tapping of crude oil by criminal syndicates that includes a plethora of sea pirates, cults, brigands, restive youths, and more organized insurgent groups that have unleashed a reign insecurity, impunity, hostage takings, and other forms of economic violence in order to capture spoils, demarcate preferred petroturfs for black market activities. Currently the most prominent ethnic militia in this turbulent region is the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND).
Nonetheless, there are a plethora of armed groups, criminal syndicates operating in the nine Southern states of the Niger Delta region. In a profound sense, therefore, studies of resource curse, the Dutch Disease, the Petro-State-Complex, Oil bunkering, Militias' Insurgency, Ethnic Separatism, Fiscal Federalism, and the enabling effects of Multi-National Corporations in Host-Communities, as well as stakeholders pursuit of sustainable economic development in the Niger Delta region, most encompass a multi-layered approach to the diagnosis and analysis of the complex interplay of State power, local-regional political dynamics, and ethnic strife. Brutal contestations for resources, historical revisionisms of proprietorship rights, and convulsive communal environmental calamities should be studied beyond the conventional primacy of economic determinism and rational choice models.
The Niger Delta Question thus calls for an interpretatively qualitative and holistically integrated analysis which combines strands of different theoretical paradigms and more importantly, integrates perspective that focuses on the historical sociology of the region and an analysis of the internal political roots of the ethno-energy-conflicts and security dilemma. Indeed, multinational corporations have both positive and negative effects on economic growth in resource rich and ethno-culturally intertangled polities such as the modern Nigerian political system.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The discussion on revenue allocation in Nigeria, cannot be divorced from the role governing class has played as well as power relations among the constituent nationalities. Particularly, since the advent of oil boom in the 1970's when it has become the major component of federally collected revenue, tensions have heightened among the governing elites representing the local bourgeoisies from the North and South. The locus of struggle or antagonism has rested on the allocation of revenue. It is on this note that the researcher intends to investigate the effect of revenue allocation and political stability in Nigeria
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main objective of the study is to ascertain the effect of revenue allocation and political stability in Nigeria. For the purpose of the study the researcher intend to achieve the following objective;
- To ascertain the effect of revenue allocation on political stability in Nigeria.
- To investigate the impact of revenue allocation in national integration
- To investigate the role of revenue allocation in consolidating nigeria federalism
- To ascertain the relationship between resource control and political stability in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Hypotheses
To aid the completion of the study; the following research hypotheses was formulated by the researcher;
- H0: revenue allocation has no effect on political stability in Nigeria.
- H1: revenue allocation has a significan effect on political sability in Nigeria
- H02: revenue allocation does not play any role in consolidating Nigeria democracy
- H2: revenue allocation plays a vital role in consolidating nigeria democracy
1.5 Significance of the Study
it is believed that at the completion of the study; the study will be of great benefit to the political class who agitate for resource control and efficeint distribution of resources as this will bread the sense of oneness among Nigerians as the study enumerate on the importance of resource allocation on national integration.
The study will also be of importance to the state government as the study seek to emphasis on the benefit of ensuring that the region that produces resources for the state should adequately be developed so as to give the populace the sense of belonging rather than exploitation as these will bread peaceful coexistence in the country. The study will also be beneficial to researchers who intend to embark on study in similar topic as the study will serve as a guide to their study. Finally the study will be beneficial to academia's students and the general public.
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The scope of the study covers revenue allocation and political stability in Nigeria from 2010-2015. However, in the cause of the study; the researcher encounters some constrain in the cause of the study;
Availability of research material:
The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study.
Time:
The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
Finance:
The finance available for the research work does not allow for wider coverage as resources are very limited as the researcher has other academic bills to cover.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Revenue: Revenue is the amount of money that a company actually receives during a specific period, including discounts and deductions for returned merchandise. It is the “top line” or “gross income” figure from which costs are subtracted to determine net income
Revenue allocation: the Nigerian government financial system operates a structure where funds flow to the three systems of government from what is termed the federation account.
Politics: Politics is the process of making decisions applying to all members of each group. More narrowly, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance organized control over a human community, particularly a state. Furthermore, politics is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (this is usually a hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between communities.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Revenue Allocation and Political Stability in Nigeria 2010 to 2015 can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Revenue Allocation and Political Stability in Nigeria 2010 to 2015" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Revenue Allocation and Political Stability in Nigeria 2010 to 2015" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Organizational Culture as a Predictor of Organizational Outcomes” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study critically investigated the relationship between organizational culture and organizational outcomes. To achieve the objective of the study, descriptive research technique was adopted. A total number of one hundred and (105) copies of questionnaire were administered to respondents drawn from Guaranty Trust Bank Nigeria PLC, while ninety nine (99) copies where properly filled and returned for the analysis. Data analysis was undertaken at five percent 0.05 (5%) level of significance. Frequency count, simple percentage and inferential statistics of Spearman’s Rank Correlations test was used with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0) for the data analysis in order to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in each stated hypothesis. Two (2) hypotheses …
Can the material for “Educational Qualifications of Entrepreneurs and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs)” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study examined the effect of educational qualifications on entrepreneurs and performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. In this study, relevant and extensive literatures were reviewed under sub-headings. The descriptive research survey was used in the assessment of the opinions of the selected respondents with the adoption of the questionnaire and the sampling technique. A total of 100 (One Hundred) respondents were selected and used as samples for this study, the respondents were made up of (50 males and 50 females). A total of four null hypotheses were generated and used in this study using both the percentage frequency counts and the t-test statistical tools at 0.05 level of significance. …
Can the material for “An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of New Products in Nigerian Commercial Banks: the Role of the Nigeria Money Market” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — The basic objective underlying this study was the evaluation of the study of the ability of the new financial products by commercial banks in fund generalization or mobilization.This study has been structured into five chapters to make for easy reading and comprehension. Chapter one dealt with the background of the prevailing circumstance in the economy that necessitated the introduction of program intended to correct the imbalance in the economy. It also gives an insight into the measure, both monetary and fiscal policies established to build as strong and viable economic base for the country’s economy. From this, other four chapters derived that base from the chapter one I order to confirm the findings, recommendations and conclusions. Though the banks have …
Can the material for “Impact Assessment of Western Films on Teenagers and the Question of Cultural Promotion in African Society” be used as a guide for Mass Communication (MC) Project?
Yes it can be used — This study examines the impact of western films on teenagers as it affects the promotion of cultural heritage in African society. Much after the independence across African continent, one of the major preoccupations African leaders had to contend with is the restoration of African cultures in their pristine forms which were arguably polluted or collapsed by the colonial masters during their reign. No doubt, teenagers and youth generally, are vital segment of the society who could be instrumental promoting African cultures. But unfortunately, the mentality and lifestyle of the teenagers in African societies have been grossly affected by exposure to western films to such an extent that rather than promoting African cultures, they have become hardened acolytes and promoters of western …
Can this topic “The Impact of Instructional Resources on Pupils Academic Performances of Primary Schools” be used for Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The study was aimed at investigating the impact of lecturer-student relationship on students’ academic performance in Federal College of Education, Abeokuta CEDEP students. The survey research was used in this study to sample the opinion of respondents. This method involved random selection of respondent who were administered with questionnaires. The target population of the study comprised students of Biology Department (CEDEP). The questionnaire administered was two hundred (200) copies and it was retrieved which constitute the sample size. The descriptive and analytical approach was adopted using chi-square to test and analyze the hypotheses earlier stated. The findings revealed that lecturer-student relationship, student perception of lecturer, lecturer commitment and availability to student, student attitude have impact on students’ academic performance. It was …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of an Integrated Online Event Booking System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Event booking management is a new evolving field which was birth in order to manage different kind of event, depending on the number of people involved. Event booking management is the organization of all the tasks and activities necessary for the execution of an event regarding its strategy, planning, implementation, and control, based on the principles of event marketing and the methods of project management. The aim of the study is to design and implement an Integrated Online Event Booking System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives will be set out as follows to design and develop an application software that will extensively carry out an analysis on how event is been managed in the institution and improve …
Can this topic “Evaluation of Saw Dust Ash as Mineral Filler in Asphalt Mixture” be used for Civil Engineering Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The quest for economy in asphalt production using locally available materials necessitated this research which is aimed at evaluating the suitability of Saw Dust Ash (SDA) as mineral filler in asphalt mixture.Chemical analysis, sieve analysis, specific gravity and plasticity index tests were performed on SDA. Asphalt briquettes prepared using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) without saw dust as filler serve as the control. SDA was used to replace the Portland cement at 0% to 100% at an interval of 10% by weight. Marshall Test was conducted on all briquettes produced with SDA and OPC. Results of tests show that increase in SDA resulted in reduction in the value of bulk density. It was also observed that the total voids in the mix …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized System for Computing Students' Grade Point in Tertiary Institution” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Grade Point Average (GPA) Computation System is the process of calculating students GP and record in the primary, secondary school and higher institution of learning. This project deals with the calculation of Grade Point (GP) in higher institution. The existing method in Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri is the tedious manual process therefore the write up consists of detail of grade point and the various problems associated with it. The objective of this project now is to provide a more authentic reliable and efficient Grade Point Average Computation System to minimize the errors and the tedious nature of the manual system. The methodology adopted in this study is the object oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) which is a technical approach …
Can the material for “The Impact of E-Learning on Academic Performance of Business Studies Students in Secondary Schools” be used as a guide for Business Education Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to examine the Impact of E-Learning on Academic Performance of Business Studies Students in Secondary Schools in Nigeria. Investigation revealed that most libraries in Nigerian secondary schools do not possess required audio-visual learning materials and the ones that have are hardly utilized as a result of incessant power outages and sometimes lack of awareness on the part of the students. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 220 (two hundred and twenty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was …
Can this topic “The Factors that Influence Poor Performance in Community Secondary Schools in Nigeria” be used for Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The study assesses the factors that influence poor performance in community secondary schools in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the factors Responsible for student’s poor academic performance, examine the influence of human resources, determine the influence of financial resources, establish the influence of physical resources, determine how learning techniques influence the, and examine the challenges on student’s academic performance in Community Secondary Schools. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, …