PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ANIONIC AND CATIONIC DYES USING IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
ABSTRACT
The study determines the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to identify the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles, carry out a Spectroscopic Analysis of Iron-oxide Nanoparticles (Fe2O3-Nps), determine the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes, and evaluate the Iron-oxide Nanoparticles from Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic Dyes. The motivation of the study is that the effects of inhaled nanoparticles in the body causes lung inflammation and heart problems. The pulmonary injury and inflammation resulting from the inhalation of nanosize urban particulate matter appears to be due to the oxidative stress that these particles cause in the cells. Therefore the research work will provide vital information to eliminate the stated problem. Cationic dyes are dyes that can be dissociated into positively charged ions in aqueous solution. They can interact with the negative groups on the fiber molecules to form salts, which can be further firmly attached to the fibers, thereby staining the fibers. Iron oxide nanoparticles are iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers. This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
The dye decolourisation using biological system is a complex process requiring a suitable enzyme system in bioremediation of such effluents. Such dye rich effluents can be treated through metal oxide nanoparticle by the photocatalytic degradation process. Photocatalytic reactions are induced by the illumination of nano- sized semiconductors such as TiO2, ZnO, ZnS, WOγ and Fe2O3 in a suspension and they are most promising for the wastewater treatment (Dai et al., 2007) because of their high stability, low costs, high efficiency and no toxicity (Dipti et al., 2010). Among various semiconductors used in photocatalysts, iron oxide nanomaterials exhibit promising photocatalytic activities (Leland et al., 1987 and Bharathi et al., 2009). However, ‘combinational’ nanoparticle systems were used previously for the dye photocatalytic degradation activity. In the present study, we focused on the application of Fe2O3-Nps alone in the photocatalytic degradation activity of some selected Anionic and Cationic Dyes.
The environmental engineering applications of many metal oxide nanoparticles, especially iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3- Nps) have been reported. Recently, metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles are used as nano-adsorbents, nano-catalysts, nano-filtration and nano-biocides for remediation of water and wastewater pollutants. Among them, potential of iron nanoparticles was found suitable for environmental remediation. The nanoscale zero-valent iron has a large surface area to volume ratio, which enhances their reactivity especially in the environmental applications (Lin et al., 2009).
Nanotechnology is a tool of the recent decade to resolve many issues related to environment and health care. The nano-scale particles have numerous advantages and are widely explored for its new functionalities. The metal nanoparticles production is usually carried out using physical and chemical methods. An array of chemicals is required for the metal nanoparticles production, which is very reactive and toxic reducing agent. This brings about many deleterious effects during its application in health care and environmental engineering. In the meantime, many facile and reliable green technologies were adopted for the production of these nanoparticles. Among the green technologies, various organisms act as precursors to produce the stable and well- functionalised nanoparticles, which include bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeast, viruses, plants and so on (Mandal et al., 2006 and Jebali et al., 2011). Plant- mediated nanoparticle synthesis is more reliable in terms of its monodispersed nature, stability and fast synthesis compared to other precursors (Iravani et al., 2011). Various part of plants can be used for the metal nanoparticle synthesis and the process is the simplest and most cost-effective (Kalaiarasi et al., 2010).
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles.
1.2 Statement of Problems
Investigation reveals the challenges of Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles which entails the effects of inhaled nanoparticles in the body may include lung inflammation and heart problems. The pulmonary injury and inflammation resulting from the inhalation of nanosize urban particulate matter appears to be due to the oxidative stress that these particles cause in the cells.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to determine the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To identify the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles
- To carry out a Spectroscopic Analysis of Iron-oxide Nanoparticles (Fe2O3-Nps)
- To determine the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes
- To evaluate the Iron-oxide Nanoparticles from Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic Dyes
1.4 Significance of Study
This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.5 Scope of Study
The study focuses on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles.
1.6 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Empirical Analysis of Problems of Petroleum Products Distribution in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study assessed the Problem of Petroleum Product Distribution in Nigeria. As such, the research questions that guided this study are: What are the constraints militating against Nigeria’s state owned refineries and petrochemical plants as well as affiliated regulatory agencies in Petroleum product distribution? What are the problems associated with the distribution of petroleum product in the downstream sector? 120 respondents were selected using the random sampling technique to select 50 independent petroleum product marketers, 50 staff from PPMC and 20 staff from NNPC and 20 staff from NNPC. The mean (X) was used to analyze the data while chi-square was used to test the hypotheses. The analysis shows that the frequent pipeline vandalization, poor maintenance of petroleum infrastructure, as …
Can the material for “Effect of Compensation Package on Employee Performance” be used as a guide for Industrial Relations and Personnel Management (IRPM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This work is set to critically analyze the Effect of Compensation Package on Employee Performance. It is a known fact that one of the most vexed issues in employer/labour relations is matter relating to compensation. Therefore, it is proper to say that compensation package is a matter that is closet to the heart of every employee and the employer. In doing this, related literature was reviewed and data was collected using questionnaire and interview methods. Respondent were randomly selected from the population of study. The population of study was the employees of KPMG professional services, Lagos. The data collected from field work was presented and analysed using simple percentage and chi-square. Findings were made and summarized. Adequate recommendations were equally made. …
Is the topic “The Impact of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises on Economic Growth in Nigeria 1982 - 2012” recommended for Entrepreneurship Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research work is on the impact of small and medium scale enterprises on economic growth in Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to empirically examine the impact of small and medium scale enterprises on economic growth in Nigeria. This research work made use of secondary data which were obtained from the Central bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2012). The data were collected for a period of thirty one years (i.e. 1982-2012). The Ordinary Least Square Regression Technique was employed in the analysis of the data. It was found among other things that Based on the empirical analysis, it is concluded that small and medium scale enterprises has significant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. SME developments cuts across …
Can the material for “The Impacts of Marine Pollution to Marine Environment and Shipping Operation” be used as a guide for Marine Engineering Project?
Yes it can be used — The impact of marine pollution are enormous, ranging from impairment of surface water quality, disruption of aquatic growth, and reduction of amenities, affecting the health of man, etc. The main problem that leads to the pollution of aquatic environment is the attitude of not adhering to laid down standards for the protection of marine environment. Based on this, investigations have been made on Niger Delta Region waterway in finding solution to these problems. Questionnaires were formulated, and research responses gotten were inputted in tables. After analysis, 84.7% of the responses showed that pollution of the marine environment and aquatic lives affects the economy of such community being polluted and the health of people are affected negatively. It means that the …
Can the material for “Evaluation of Financial Problems and Prospects of Privatization in the Nigeria Economy” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — This work is designed to find out the financial problems and prospects of privatization in Nigeria, a case study of Nigeria Breweries Plc. The work therefore covers the background, significance and objectives of the study in chapter one. Which chapter two views issues dating to literature and tried to highlights it’s concepts and inceptions of privatization in Nigeria. Chapter three shows the research design and methodology and pointed out the area of the study, the population, determination of sample size and locations where the data was found. A random sampling was used for selecting research sample and questionnaires administration. Primary and secondary sources of data were used. The primary sources is form the questionnaire administration which the secondary sources are from text-books, …
Can the material for “Gender Violence in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and Half of a Yellow Sun” be used as a guide for English Language Project?
Yes it can be used — Gender-based violence is not a new problem in the Nigerian society or other societies of the world. Violence against an individual on the basis of his /her gender is common place and is becoming endemic. The study was carried out to examine the Gender Violence in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and Half of a Yellow Sun. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the trauma of gender violence and evaluate the traumatic experiences of Nigerian women in its various facets as represented in Adichie’s Novels. Investigation revealed that gender discourse is an important area of literary criticism with wide spread implications for gender equality and human development across sectors. Increasing attention is being …
Can the material for “Management of Credit Facilities in Commercial Bank” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — Credit management facilities, the never centre of all commercial banks operations and in its efficiency guarantees, the ability to mobilize deposit and allocate such finds to customers when have need for them. This research work examined the credit facilities and loans management of First bank of Nigeria Plc Ughelli main branch Delta state with a view to ascertain the causes of loan failure, types of securities needed, importance of collecting securities from the prospective borrowers etc and time of loan maturity. The findings from analysis show that first bank of Nigeria plc (delta state) recorded impressive results in the normal business operation due to the increase in assets, high deposits a vary in the credit management. In conclusion, it was recommend that lending …
Can the material for “Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Assertiveness on Pro-Social Behaviours” be used as a guide for Psychology Project?
Yes it can be used — Empirically explored in the study were emotional intelligence and assertiveness on pro-social behaviour. One hundred and eighty students (81 males and 99 females) of the University of Uyo, Uyo in Akwa Ibom State, were used in the study. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 180 (one hundred and eighty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested using the one-way ANOVA and the t-test statistical tools at zero point zero five (0.05) level of significance. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Academic Transcript Management System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Students’ transcript is the summary of each of the two-year performance either in (OND) ordinary National Diploma or (HND) higher national diploma. The aim of this study is to design and implement an Academic Transcript Management System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop an application software that will record and reports of students will be easily retrieved with increased data security, and reduce in the amount of resources, which in turn will lower the cost of processing of student’s transcripts, since information will be stored in a database with reduced data Redundancy. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is as a result of the …
Can the material for “Public Policy Implementation in Nigeria and Economic Development” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — A study of Public Policy under Olusegun Obasanjo Administration, A study of National policy on population for sustainable south Eastern Nigeria. Data included a survey of 263 respondents aged between 20-60 years drawn from the National population commission Enugu, Doctors on ESUT Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu, Academic staff of University of Nigeria, Enugu campus, and Honourable members of Enugu state House of Assembly. The study evaluate the effective implementation of the National policy on population for sustainable development particularly the conduct of year 2006. It was designed to measure how the conduct of census 2006 met item “19” of the objective of the population policy. Research findings indicated that the following factors were largely responsible for poor monitoring of the …