PEOPLE'S PERCEPTION OF AGEING; THE CHALLENGE OF THE OLDER ADULTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
The concept of ageing is a universal phenomenon that cuts across all facets of living things as a natural phenomenon. Atchley (1980) define ageing as a broad concept that includes physical, psychological, mental changes that occur in our bodies.
The perception of ageing and the older adults vary from one society to another. While some societies has positive perceptions of ageing, the other societies has negative perceptions. Ageing in African society is the concept that traditionally invokes the image of respect, reverence and the knowledge that is passed down from one generation to another (Abanyam, 2013). There is a general agreement that African elders have traditionally been treated with great respect in their families and the community. This tradition extends from known customs of pre-slavery civilization on African families and kinship groups. The ability of the elderly to recall cultural historical beliefs, legends, war and important historical events in family or clan has been especially treated as immense contributions.
The elderly Ibo of East Nigeria still enjoy reverences in their communities. The beliefs that the elders are closest to the ancestors help to contribute to the respect for the living elderly. Some societies provide health care for elders, social support, family care, government formulate policies and laws that protect the rights of elders; churches and religions give their support by providing medical day care program, visiting, shopping, meals and outreach program and they wished they lived forever Arth (1968).
In our contemporary society, the image of ageing becomes tainted. Some global societies that had great respect to their old population has now approached their old age with disdain and intolerance. The Fulani People of Africa move older people to the very edge of their communities − indeed very near to their future graves. They are already seen as socially dead and are held in low regard. In some developing nations in Africa, the older adults are branded witches and are persecuted, isolated and rejected Macionis and Plummer (2005).
Growing old in contemporary society is a challenge. Contempt and disrespect stem from the aspect of ageing against one’s will. The older people are being considered as being broken down, slow to work and virtually worthless individuals. This is due to urbanization, monetization, and globalization (Cohen 1994).
Modernization, industrialization and global influences have brought about certain changes in some societies especially in the south east and south-south zone of Nigeria. The western culture has greatly influenced the perception towards the older adults in Nigeria. Abiodun (2007) opines that the access to formal education has led to a reduction in the power and prestige given to the accumulated wisdom of the older adults. The direct linkage of educational attainment with occupation and income has altered the economic status of the older adults. The mutual obligation of the extended family system are being systematically eroded by the increasing emphasis on material success and individualism. The search for greener pastures in the urban cities has resulted in the neglect and abandonment of the older adults in rural communities without any form of care. The irregularity of gratuity and pension payment have exacerbated a care challenge for the elders. Thus, some communities without regard for elders subject them to all manner of suffering, human right abuses, domestic and verbal violence.
In Akwa Ibom generally and in Abak in particular, over the last three decades the older adults were valued and respected but in recent times there seems to be disrespect and abuses such as the killing of the older adults during political activities, exploitation of the older adults, neglect during times of sickness. With all these abuses on the older adults, they perceive ageing as a period of regret, torture and shame.
Apart from that, there are communities in Abak Local Government Area that have no social infrastructure such as portable water, electricity, health centre. This makes life extremely difficult and unbearable for widows and widowers especially between the ages of 65 and above. The older adults often suffer from sickness such as Arthritis, Heart disease, stroke, hypertension, Diabetes, cancers, blindness, deafness and schizophrenia. Their life is commonly associated with “fall”.
This study therefore is concerned with investigating the perception of the people of Abak Local Government Area towards the older adults. The older adults here include people from 65 years and above this is because old age has been commonly defined as beginning at the age of sixty-five (65) years (Flesch, 1986). In Nigeria, the Retirement Age Harmonization Act of 2012 puts the retirement age of Judicial officers and academic staff of tertiary institutions at 70 and 65 years respectively…(Maji, 2014).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Growing old in the olden days in African society was quite different from what is obtainable in contemporary African society. In the traditional African society, olden people were highly esteemed because of the important roles they played by helping to integrate the society, preserve its cultural values, transmit knowledge and skills, settle disputes and educated the young. People in the traditional African society holds positive views about older people. They got the best available foods, drinks, and their judgment were highly valued and respected. (Abanyam, 2013). In fact, Mboto (2002) claims that the word Senator is a Latin word for the older people.
Giddens (2009) indicates that in traditional societies’, older people were often accorded a great deal of respect. Among cultures that include age-grades, they had the final say over matters of importance to the community. According to Asiyambola (2008), the role of elderly in nation building at the various stages of their life can not be overemphasized. They are the custodians of culture and traditions, mediators during conflict resolution and contributors in enforcing peace in their various communities. Today, the traditional institution responsible for the care-giving is being dismantled. This institutions, which is extended family is being dismantled and consequently, the ageing population is now facing a number of problems. These problems have brought some challenges to older adults. (Oluwabamide 2007, John 2010).
By neglecting the older adults, contemporary African societies have missed out on the wise saying which teaches ideas such as the evil of jealousy, selfishness, wickedness, hypocrisy and greed while inculcating virtues such as love, kindness, gentleness impactiality, fairness or justice and humility (Dzurgar, 2012:106). This was aimed at equipping the younger ones with the necessary skills and attitudes that would help younger people to function effectively in the society (Ering, 2008 and Abamyam, 2013). This was the case in all African societies
However, the problem is the perception of the children and adults about ageing and the older adults. Contemporary societies have successfully carried on the tradition of impertinence in many aspects by forcefully pushing and neglecting the older people out of the workforce as well as the community display of irreverence. This perception has been carried on by raising young people with negative perception of growing old or becoming old.
This perception has alarming misconceptions that remain as imaginary study to young people. It portray a negative image and hope from the generations that are moving next to the stage. Ageing has been linked to various problems ranging from maltreatment, ageism, neglect and exploitation. This is a problem to the ‘graying population’ and the society at large. It is therefore the task of this study to investigate the perception of ageing by the older adults.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
People’s Perception of Ageing; the Challenge of the Older Adults can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "People's Perception of Ageing; the Challenge of the Older Adults" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "People's Perception of Ageing; the Challenge of the Older Adults" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “The Effect of Computerization on Service Delivery” be used as a guide for Computer Science Education Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was about the effect of computerization on service delivery in Airtel Uganda. The study was carried out in Nakawa division, Kampala district. Both primary and secondary data was collected using the questionnaires and review of the existing literature respectively. A questionnaire was designed which covered the employers, employees and customers of Airtel Uganda. The study showed that most respondents were in agreement that computerization contributes a lot to service delivery in Airtel Company and they pointed out the major reasons for their argument. Recommendations and conclusions were drawn among which included the following, Reducing on the calling rates especially to make Airtel to Airtel call rates slightly cheaper than calls to other networks such that Airtel service consumers can enjoy a benefit over the …
Is the topic “The Use of Irony and Social Commentary in Wole Soyinka's” recommended for Linguistics and Communication Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research endeavour focuses on the social and political ills prevalent in the African societies with the view of correcting them thus, making the contemporary society a better place to live. Using two texts from renowned Nigeria writer, we see the economic, social and political evils which morally degrade our society and the community at last. These evils are being satirized to bring about transformation. Here, the sociological approach is employed. The quota sampling system is use in this research work, brings out the religious hypocrisy, moral decadence, marital imbalance and corruption palpable a savage, portrait of group of dictatorial African leader at (bay in an embassy) in our text of study. This study brings out the evil inherent in …
Is the topic “Design and Implementation of a Characterized Human Resources Management System” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The current and future well being of an organization depends mostly on the activities and management of its human resources element. All activities towards improved productivity such as profit; organizational efficiency and effectiveness can only be made possible by the manner and method in which the human resources are managed. Human resources management therefore occupies a critical position in well being of an organization more especially in the area of facilitating positive changes towards effective performance. Because of this, there is need to improve some areas of operations of human resources department which require improvement or replace areas that may require replacement this initiated. This project focus in computerization of the human resources department that leads or aims at reducing time constraints …
Can the material for “Effect of Early Childhood Education on Academic Performance of Chemistry Students” be used as a guide for Early Childhood Education Project?
Yes it can be used — Early childhood education is the term commonly used to describe the formal teaching and care of young children by people other than their family or in settings outside of the home. The study was carried out to investigate the Effect of Early Childhood Education on Academic Performance of Chemistry Students in Edo State Senior Secondary School. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to investigate the effect of early childhood in the study of science on the academic achievement of Chemistry Students and determine the methods that could be applied on the academic achievement of Chemistry Students. Investigation revealed that most of the teachers who are employed to teach at the secondary schools, do not apply …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Crime Geographical Information Tracking System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Crime geographical information tracking system is an application software that helps identify potential suspects to increase investigators suspect base when no leads are evident. The aim of the study is to design and develop a Crime Geographical Information Tracking System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will improve Service Delivery of the police force and increase operational efficiency of the police force. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the existing system is sophisticated and it requires professional knowledge to manage. Also, there is lack of expertise and high rate of corruption in the Nigeria Police Force. The use of Geographic Information Systems …
Is the topic “The Role of Mass Media in Generating Awareness Against Drug Abuse” recommended for Mass Communication (MC) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The study was carried out to assess the role of mass media in generating awareness against drug abuse. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine whether newspapers mass media educate and enlighten the general public on drug abuse, examine the problem facing the mass media in creating awareness on drug abuse and investigate the contribution of newspapers towards drug abuse through advertisement and alcohol promo. Mass media in organization provides news and opinions to a large number of people, retaining these people and building internal and external good will beyond reasonable assumption needed for an organization to remain and prosper in it. This led to the establishment of the media in Nigeria, vanguard and …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Wireless Local Network in Dorben Polytechnic Abuja” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — This project report, design and implementation of wireless local area network in Dorben Polytechnic, Abuja is written to serve as a reference book for wireless LAN in the future whenever it is desired. This report explains the survey consideration, hardware consideration, end-user consideration and principle of wireless network.In addition, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) this professional body have done a lot of work to make wireless network had numerous option to choice a suitable wireless router 802.11 (a, b, g, n etc.) …
Is the topic “Stochastic Evaluation of Offshore Carbon Fibre Reinforced Concrete Platforms on Aluminum Girders” recommended for Civil Engineering Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — A stochastic evaluation of the performance of Carbon Fibre Offshore Plastics (CFRP) offshore platform consideringsubmerged and partially submerged environmental conditions wasanalyzed usingSwedish code,Boverket (2004). A Probability-based analysis using First Order Reliability Method (FORM) was used to determine the safety index of the deck considering varied load ratios, effective depths of the deck, and ultimate strength of Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP) tendons. The results generated from FORM indicates that theoretical framework for risk assessment based on the Joint Committee for Structural Safety JCSS (2003) showed that the maximum safety index of the CFRP deck was shown to be 3.49 which is higher than the limit set by the JCSS (2003) code. Hence the deck can adequately transmit the given loading conditions when …
Can the material for “Awareness and Practices of Infection Control among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Clinic” be used as a guide for Nursing (Science) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to determine the Awareness and Practices of Infection Control among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Clinic in Nibo, Awka South in Anambra State. Investigation revealed that nurses do not apply infection prevention and control measures toward pregnant mothers during antenatal care in the hospital setting which is required to ensure patient safety. Lack of knowledge among nurses can increase the rate of hospital-acquired infections, and lack of knowledge, attitude and practices in infection prevention and control contribute to high rates of hospital-acquired infections. Uncontrollable nosocomial infection contributes to prolonged stay, morbidity and mortality which put stress on health care economics of the country. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method …
Can the material for “The Role of Microfinance Bank Credit on Agricultural Development in Nigeria (1980-2010)” be used as a guide for Finance Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work tries to investigate the role of microfinance bank on agricultural development in Nigeria using Nigeria as a case study. Using ordinary least square method, data collected were secondary data and the durbin-watson t-statistics were used in the regression analysis. The study shows that Microfinance bank loans have a positive impact on agricultural development in Nigeria. Based on these findings some recommendations were made, interest rate should be reduce to encourage farmers in borrowing and The federal government should give a directive through microfinance bank that will encourage the farmers by giving them incentives. This will automatically increase the efficiency of farmers and thereby attract more youths to the agricultural sector. …