MICROBIAL ASSESSMENT AND MINERAL ELEMENTS COMPOSITION OF WASTE EFFLUENTS FROM BREWERY COMPANY IN IBADAN OYO STATE
ABSTRACT
The study assesses the Mineral Elements Composition of Waste Effluents from Brewery Company in Ibadan Oyo State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to screen ground water and surface water in Brewery Company area of Ibadan, Oyo state, and evaluate the toxicological potential of brewery effluent and the pollution factors on water quality in Brewery Company, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Brewery wastewater effluent is highly variable in quality and composition. Effluents from individual process steps are variable. For example bottle washing produces large volume of effluent that, however, contains only a minor part of total organics discharged from brewery. Brewery effluents are high in carbohydrates; nitrogen and the cleaning and washing reagents have been proved water pollutants. Biological treatment of the composite combined wastewater significantly removed the organic contaminants in wastewater. The physicochemical parameters that are present in receiving ponds and the results obtained from the study showed that the effluent’s treatment methods/facilities currently obtainable within the facility are not adequate. This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Brewery wastewater effluent is highly variable in quality and composition. The pollution discharge from brewery plant effluent comes from the losses in the beer production process and from the clean-in-place (CIP) system located in the brewing house, cellar house and bottling house (Egwuonwu et al., 2012).
Brewery plants have been known to cause pollution by discharging effluent into receiving stream, ground water and soil. Water consumption for breweries generally ranges 4-8 cubic meters per cubic meter of beer produced. Production steps include malt production, wort production and beer production. Untreated effluent typically contains suspended solids in range 10-60mg/l per litre, BOD in range 1000- 1500mg/l, COD in range 1800-3000mg/l and nitrogen in range 30-100mg/l.
Effluents from individual process steps are variable. For example bottle washing produces large volume of effluent that, however, contains only a minor part of total organics discharged from brewery. Effluents from fermentation and filtering are high in organics and BOD and low in volume, accounting for about 3% of total waste volume but 97% of BOD. Brewery effluent contains organic material such as spent grains, waste yeast, spent hops and grit. Effluent pH averages about 7 for combined effluent but can fluctuate from 3-12 depending on the use of acid or alkaline cleaning agent (Olajumoke et al., 2010). In the examination of wastewater, about 40% of the filterable solids are organic in nature while 75% are suspended solids (Tchobanoglous et al., 2003; Egwuonwu et al., 2012). The major organic matter in wastewater are protein, carbohydrate and fats and oil, they are however composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Statement of Problems
The problems facing the environment are vast and diverse. Environmentalists have expressed concerns about issues such as global warming, depletion of the Ozone layer, population growth, destruction of rain forests, air pollution, water pollution groundwater depletion and contamination. Water pollution is serious problem globally involving the discharge of dissolved or suspended substances into groundwater, streams, rivers and oceans. A major source of pollution in developing countries is industrial activities and this has gradually increased the problem of waste disposal. Increased industrial activities have led to pollutional stress on surface water both from industrial, agricultural and domestic sources (Ajayi and Osibanjo 1981).
Untreated wastes from processing factories located cities are discharged into inland water bodies resulting to stench, discoloration and a greasy oily nature of such water bodies (Mombeshora,1981). These wastes pose serious threat to associated environment including human health risks (Rahman et al. 1997). Thus there is need to control the pollution of surface and ground water since the public health and wellbeing of the people have a direct link with the availability of adequate quantity of good quality water.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to assess the Mineral Elements Composition of Waste Effluents from Brewery Company in Ibadan Oyo State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To screen ground water and surface water in Brewery Company area of Ibadan, Oyo state.
- To evaluate the toxicological potential of brewery effluent and the pollution factors on water quality in Brewery Company, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria.
1.4 Significance of Study
The introduction of wastewater, high in organic matter and essential nutrients bring about changes in the microflora. Brewery effluents are high in carbohydrates; nitrogen and the cleaning and washing reagents have been proved water pollutants. Biological treatment of the composite combined wastewater significantly removed the organic contaminants in wastewater.
This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.5 Scope of Study
The study focuses on the Microbial Assessment and Mineral Elements Composition of Waste Effluents from Brewery Company in Ibadan Oyo State.
1.6 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Microbial Assessment and Mineral Elements Composition of Waste Effluents from Brewery Company in Ibadan Oyo State can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Microbial Assessment and Mineral Elements Composition of Waste Effluents from Brewery Company in Ibadan Oyo State" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Microbial Assessment and Mineral Elements Composition of Waste Effluents from Brewery Company in Ibadan Oyo State" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Online - Examination Hosting System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Online examination systems are being used by an ever-increasing number of institutions to help reduce time deficiency, cost, exam malpractices such as impersonation and other unethical exam-related exercises that take place in most independent and national examinations. In this study, an explanation of how online examination systems are related to some traditional or manual based analysis, and techniques are presented and how online examination systems help institutions increase the efficiency of result generation. The project describes various limitations of current system methods and discusses possible solutions that can improve online examination system and makes it applicable to an even broader range of institutions. This project was carried out using tools like php to develop the front end and mysql for …
Is the topic “The prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen among students” recommended for Microbiology Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa where more than 80 million subjects are chronic carriers. However, screening is not systematic in the population and prevalence data are scarce, especially among the youth population. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HBV and its correlates among first-year University students at the University of Abuja. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2015 and January 2016 at the University of Abuja during the annual checkup offered to newly enrolled students. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics and sexual behaviors, and rapid tests were used for the detection of Antigen HBS (HBsAg) and HIV in each participant. A logistic regression model was …
Is the topic “Solar Technology: An Alternative Source of Energy for National Development” recommended for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research was carried out to understand solar technology: An alternative source of energy for national development. The study was based on the pursuance of basic objectives to ascertain the present state of power generation and supply in Nigeria, to examine the possibility of reviving the energy sector of Nigeria, highlight the advantages of solar technology as it affects national development. In essence the study sets out to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on solar energy in Nigeria as an alternative power supply for national development. The quantitative research technique was utilized during the course of the study. The research explores the historical development of solar energy. It further highlighted solar energy and its applicability and the solar thermal …
Can the material for “The Impact of Reforms on the Performance of Nigeria Civil Service” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — The reforms were means of responding to the problems confronting the civil service at specific times and as ways of making it responsive to the demand of the modern society. It could be observed from the analysis that virtually every regime in Nigeria had one thing or the other to do with the civil service. Colonial reforms were basically general toward indigenization the nation’s civil service. The immediate administrations at all levels after attaining independence continue with the Nigerianization process of the civil service at different speeds. The most fundamental in the history of the civil service reforms were the 1988 reforms. It made the minister the chief executive and accounting officer and the permanent secretary become politicized. The Abacha …
Can the material for “Motivation as Tools for Organizational Development” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — Motivation as a simple phenomenon that has elevated many firm and organizations through the additional input of workers in various organizations has become un administrative method to achieve target and set of objectives. However, this work is centered on the roll of motivation have played in the development of organizations and the challenges that most organizations have-come across in the recent past and how motivations have come to solve not only the problem of management: union CONFLATES but also the explosions of most organization through motivation us a spirit ‘d efforts to belter output by workers. The researcher how ever, observed that most polices regarding to motivation were not adequately functioning and the little polices that are functioning were inconsistent …
Can the material for “Development of an Enhanced Check Pointing Technique in Grid Computing Using Programmer Level Controls” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Grid computing is a collection of computer resources from multiple locations assembled to provide computational services, storage, data or application services. Grid computing users gain access to computing resources with little or no knowledge of where those resources are located or what the underlying technologies, hardware, operating system, and so on are. Reliability and performance are among the key challenges to deal with in grid computing environments. Accordingly, grid scheduling algorithms have been proposed to reduce the likelihood of resource failure and to reduce the overhead of recovering from resource failure. Checkpointing is one of the faulttolerance techniques when resources fail. This technique reduces the work lost due to resource faults but can introduce significant runtime overhead. This research provided …
Can the material for “The Role of Cooperative Thrift and Credit Societies of the Orphanage Multipurpose Cooperative Society” be used as a guide for Economics Project?
Yes it can be used — This study investigates and examination of the role of cooperative thrift and credit societies to the development of urban area. The study was based on the orphanage mother multipurpose cooperative society. The research reviews the literature of related study and was duly acknowledge data collected through constructed questionnaires methods, comprising members of the study area. Using simple random techniques. The perceptible equations and tabular illustration were used to present data obtained in the study. Result obtained from the study suggested that members of the study area and the public benefit immensely from the activities of cooperatives societies. Hence cooperatives help in providing loans amongst its members. …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Exam-Time-Table Generating System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Exam Timetable Generating System is a software application that will computerize and deal with the allocation of examination halls and time of a specific academic course of study. The aim of the study is to Design and Implement an Exam Timetable Generating System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to develop flexible and interactive examination scheduling software that enables automatic generation of examinations schedules for tertiary institution in Nigeria and develop a simple easy-to-use software which an individual with little or no idea of software application can interact with a great deal of comprehension. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that, scheduling lectures and practical examination timetables for a large …
Can the material for “A Linguistic-Stylistic Analysis of the Language of Humuor in Opa Williams’ “Nite of a Thousand Laughs”” be used as a guide for English Language Project?
Yes it can be used — One of the most intriguing things about language is its redeployment to accomplish a multiplicity of functions by different people in different places at different times. One of such functions of language is humour- making. People often make use of humour in social, political and cultural interactions through the skillful manipulation of diverse structures of language. Underlining the manipulative skills of a speaker or language user are peculiar and unique choices that are made. These choices are explainable by studying the linguistic style of the language user. To do this, stylistics, therefore, is an instrument with which style can be effectively studied. As a result, this research sets out to examine how and whether syntactic items can be used stylistically …
Is the topic “The Organization and Management Problem of Rural Water Supply” recommended for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research work is aimed at recommending possible solution to the organization and management problem of rural water supply programme in Nigeria with a case study of ANSWC Nnewi. The mean or average number of adult and children in the sample household are 3 and 6 respectively and total income reported is N200 to 100 per household per month. The statement of the problems is that the growing commercial and industrial town of Nnewi has been without adequate possible water. The purpose of the study is that the extent in which the changes in government and leadership style affect the steady water supply. Based on the finding above, the following recommendation among other was made for effective implementation. The operational supplier facilities such …