KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION AND ITS MANAGEMENT AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE
ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to examine the Knowledge and Perception of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Its Management Among Women Attending Antenatal Care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the effect of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and identify the challenges of treating hypertension among pregnant women attending antenatal care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City. Investigation reveals that high blood pressure can cause hardening and thickening of the arteries, which can lead to a heart attack, stroke or other complications. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 80 (eighty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested using the one-way ANOVA and the t-test statistical tools at zero point zero five (0.05) level of significance. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet were employed. The data were presented on a frequency distribution table and analyzed using simple percentage, while hypothesis was tested using chi-square test. The relevance of this research work will help individuals to predict their blood pressure given their weight and will equally help them to know what to do when their blood pressure (Hypertension) rises. This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study. Based on the findings, it is recommended that pregnant mothers should take the antenatal care very seriously and mothers should be encouraged to deliver in the hospital. Also, regular on-the-job training and up-to-date practical guide should also be provided.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
High blood pressure occurs when one’s blood move through the arteries at a higher speed than normal. It is also known that for now there is no cure for high blood pressure (Papadakis et al., 2008). Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is classified according to the severity of hypertension. Women with pregnancy induced hypertension are at a greater risk of abruption placentae, cerebrovascular events, organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation (Kintiraki et al., 2015). Treatment of PIH depends on blood pressure levels, gestational age, presence of symptoms and associated risk factors. Blood pressure thresholds for drug management in pregnancy vary between different health’s organizations (Katon et al., 2012).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Hypertension is a common complication of pregnancy. Preeclampsia, in particular, is associated with substantial risk to both the mother and the fetus. Several risk factors have been recognized to predict risk for preeclampsia (Solomon and Seely, 2011). However, at present no biomarkers have sufficient discriminatory ability to be useful in clinical practice, and no effective preventive strategies have yet been identified (Solomon and Seely, 2011). Commonly used medications for the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy include methyldopa and labetalol. Blood pressure thresholds for initiating antihypertensive therapy are higher than outside of pregnancy. Women with prior preeclampsia are at increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease (Suzuki et al., 2015).
The seriousness of this adult illness (high blood pressure) is not just that it can lead to more serious illness or complications, raises the risk of stroke, kidney failure, heart disease and heart attack. The matter is made worse with the existence of too much weight or fat in the body as this tends to make the condition severe. It is the duty of stakeholders in health sectors to keep the adult folk aware of the implication of over-weight by providing them with accurate, timely and up to date information regarding this health condition. It is also the duty of health personnel to warn and educate adults who are more prone to high blood pressure, about the dangers of over-weight in the management of high blood pressure. This awareness is expected to affect the feeding habit of these people, since it has been observed that poor feeding (that is, poor combination of the classes of food, not necessarily the quantity) is one of the causes of over-weight (Sacks F.M, 2008).
There are several causes of the differences, including variations in the definitions of the disorders and the methods of diagnosis. Also, many reports are based on hospital populations, which may be influenced by the special nature of the health services and do not reflect the situation in the whole population of a defined geographical area. In Nigeria, it is estimated that 5-10% of pregnancies are complicated by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and it results in more admissions in the antenatal period than any other disorder (Myers et al., 2002). Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy is one of the leading cause of maternal mortality in this centre (Audu et al., 2002).
Therefore, in Edo State where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Knowledge and Perception of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and its Management among Women Attending Antenatal Care.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation reveals the Challenges of Knowledge and Perception of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and its Management among Women Attending Antenatal Care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City research work:
- A lot of patients have died as a result of Hypertension.
- High blood pressure can cause hardening and thickening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), which can lead to a heart attack, stroke or other complications.
- Heart failure: To pump blood against the higher pressure in your vessels, the heart has to work harder. This causes the walls of the heart's pumping chamber to thicken (left ventricular hypertrophy). Eventually, the thickened muscle may have a hard time pumping enough blood to meet your body's needs, which can lead to heart failure.
- Hypertension among pregnant women can affect the blood vessels. It may decrease blood flow in liver, kidneys, brain, uterus, and placenta in pregnant women.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to examine the Knowledge and Perception of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and its Management among Women Attending Antenatal Care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To examine the effect of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension among Women attending antenatal care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City;
- To examine the perception of women attending antenatal care towards the management of pregnancy induced hypertension;
- To identify the challenges of treating hypertension among pregnant women attending antenatal care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City;
- To examine the level of pregnancy induced hypertension awareness among women attending antenatal care; and
- To determine the extent and direction of the relationship between the socio-demographic variables and pregnancy induced hypertension among Women attending antenatal care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What is the effect of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension among Women attending antenatal care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City?
- What are the challenges of treating hypertension among pregnant women attending antenatal care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City?
- What is the extent and direction of the relationship between the socio-demographic variables and pregnancy induced hypertension among Women attending antenatal care in St Philomena’s Hospital Benin City?
- What is the level of pregnancy induced hypertension awareness among women attending antenatal care?
- What is the perception of women attending antenatal care towards the management of pregnancy induced hypertension?
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problems
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
- 1.5 Research Questions
- 1.6 Research Hypothesis
- 1.7 Significance of Study
- 1.8 Scope of Study
- 1.9 Limitations of the Study
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
- 2.2.1 Diagnosis of Hypertension
- 2.2.2 Treatment of Hypertension
- 2.2.3 Complications of Hypertension
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- 2.4 Blood Pressure Categories
- 2.5 Overview Hypertension
- 2.5.1 Symptoms of Hypertension
- 2.6 Factors Affecting Weight and Health
- 2.7 Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity
- 2.8 Causes High Blood Pressure
- 2.9 Prevention of High Blood Pressure
- 2.10 Problems Caused by High Blood Pressure
- 2.11 Empirical Studies
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire
- 3.8.1 Interview
- 3.8.2 Key Informants Interview
- 3.8.3 Observation
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypothesis 1
- 4.5 Test of Hypothesis 2
- 4.6 Discussion of Findings
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Knowledge and Perception of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and its Management among Women Attending Antenatal Care" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problems
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
- 1.5 Research Questions
- 1.6 Research Hypothesis
- 1.7 Significance of Study
- 1.8 Scope of Study
- 1.9 Limitations of the Study
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
- 2.2.1 Diagnosis of Hypertension
- 2.2.2 Treatment of Hypertension
- 2.2.3 Complications of Hypertension
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- 2.4 Blood Pressure Categories
- 2.5 Overview Hypertension
- 2.5.1 Symptoms of Hypertension
- 2.6 Factors Affecting Weight and Health
- 2.7 Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity
- 2.8 Causes High Blood Pressure
- 2.9 Prevention of High Blood Pressure
- 2.10 Problems Caused by High Blood Pressure
- 2.11 Empirical Studies
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire
- 3.8.1 Interview
- 3.8.2 Key Informants Interview
- 3.8.3 Observation
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypothesis 1
- 4.5 Test of Hypothesis 2
- 4.6 Discussion of Findings
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Knowledge and Perception of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and its Management among Women Attending Antenatal Care" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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