KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON SMOKING AMONG STUDENTS IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this cross sectional study was to explore university students’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards smoking and to compare these factors between smokers and non-smokers. A sample of 300 students was randomly selected to complete a self-administered questionnaire about knowledge, attitude and practice of smoking in the University, Ojo. The Majority of the smoking students (69%) knew the adverse effects of smoking. Rates of non-smoking students who knew the adverse effects of smoking were significantly higher than that of students who smoke.
A high rate of students showed an opposing attitude towards the assumption that smoking females would have more friends (89%), have stronger personality (86%), and be more attractive (89%) than non-smoking females. Similar higher rates of negative attitude were also observed towards the smoking male. About 50% of smokers have a misguided belief that smoking helps them concentrate while studying and 20% believe that smoking helps in avoiding obesity. Students that started smoking before enrollment in a university had a significantly higher rate of heavy smoking as compared to those who started smoking after being enrolled. Students smoke not because they lack the knowledge about the risk of smoking but due to misguided beliefs and attitudes.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Smoking has become a complex global public health problem and a major health-risk factor linked with the development of cancer, heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes (World Bank, 1999). It is responsible for the largest preventable cause of death in the world. Each day more than 13,000 people die prematurely because of tobacco use (CDC, 2000). This figure is expected to almost double by the year 2020. Countries at all levels of development are victims of the tobacco epidemic (WHO, 2003a).
According to the World Bank Reports in 2003 there were about 1.3 billion people smoking cigarettes or other products, and out of them, almost one billion were men and 250 million were women. About 80 percent of these people lived in low and middle-income countries (Guindon & Boisclair, 2003). Cigarette smoking has become not only a national social problem, but a global one also. Smoking is expected to kill 4 million people in the next 12 months, and by 2030, it will kill 10 million people a year, which is more than any other single cause of death. Seven million of these deaths will occur in low-income and middle-income countries (World Bank, 1999; CDC, 2000). Numerous studies reveal that smoking prevalence has remained stable in the United States of America (USA) at 23% since 1993 (Etter, 2004; Fiore, 2003; Giovino, 1994).
The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that five million deaths occur annually due to tobacco use and this number of deaths is expected to reach more than eight million by the year 2030 (Gajalakshmi et al., 2004; WHO, 2009). About 80% of this number will be in developing countries (WHO, 2009). However, the exact magnitude of the problem of smoking in developing countries is not well defined. There is little information to describe the characteristics of smoking patterns in these countries (Gajalakshmi et al., 2004). Smoking has a great economic burden by causing a decrease of economic productivity and high health care expenditures in addition to the cost of tobacco (Ruff et al., 2000).
Smoking also has an environmental impact due to second hand (passive) smoking (El-Ansari, 2002). The impact of smoking is not limited on the smokers, but it can spread to affect the non-smokers as well. Second hand smoking has an impact on birth outcomes represented in low birth weight (Abu-Baker et al., 2010), and contribute significantly to respiratory tract infections in infants (Jones et al., 2011).
It is well known that cessation of smoking is extremely difficult. This statement is supported by research that has proved beyond doubt that nicotine is highly addictive (Rugkasa et al., 2001). Smoking prevalence rises sharply during adulthood. This means that there is an induction of smoking even after high school (Torabi et al., 2002). Between 1991 and 1997, the rate of smoking had increased by 32% among 18 to 24 years old adults in the USA (Torabi et al., 2002). Studying smoking behavior and attitude among this sector of the population will add valuable information about the patterns of smoking among this age group (Vakeflliu et al., 2002). In addition, knowledge about previously identified socio-environmental factors associated with smoking among college students in developing countries is limited (Pickett et al., 2000; Moore, 2001).
1.2 Aim of the Study
The aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice on smoking among University students in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
- To find out the knowledge about tobacco smoking among Nigerian University students
- To determine the smoking practice among Nigerian University students
- To investigate the gender difference of smoking among Nigerian University students
- To investigate effective methods to reduce prevalence of smoking in Nigerian University
1.4 Research Questions
- What is the prevalence smoking practice among Nigerian University students
- How are the knowledge, attitude, and practice students in Nigerian University related to smoking?
- Is there any gender difference as related to smoking among Nigerian University students
- What is the effective methods to reduce prevalence of smoking in Nigerian University
1.5 Research Hypotheses
- Smoking rate among Nigerian University is lower than among general population.
- How are the knowledge, attitude, and practice students in Nigerian University related to smoking?
- Smoking among Nigerian University students is gender related
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Smoking Among Students in Nigerian University can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Smoking Among Students in Nigerian University" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Smoking Among Students in Nigerian University" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can this topic “An Investigation of the Relevance of Educational Psychology Into Teaching - Learning Process” be used for Educational Psychology Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This project was on the relevance of educational psychology into teaching learning processes in secondary schools in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State. The study was specifically aimed at investigating the importance and help educational psychology has rendered to teaching − learning processes in order to achieve these objectives, the following questions were formulated and used: What is the relevance of educational psychology into teaching − learning situations? How will the educational psychology help students adapt to teaching learning situations? It there is any way of identifying hindrances to learning and bridging the gap? What should be done in the case of exceptional students? How does educational psychology take of the students in adolescent stage? The population of the study …
Can the material for “Women Labour Utilization in Crop Production in Abia State, Nigeria” be used as a guide for Crop Production Project?
Yes it can be used — The main aim of the study was to analyze women labour utilization in crop production in Abia State. The specific objectives included (i) identify specific farming operations that utilize women labour in the study area; (ii) compare the relative contribution of women and men to total labour utilization in different levels of farm operation in the study area; (iii) identify factors that affect the participation of women in different levels of farm operations; (iv) determine the effect of women labour utilization on the value of farm output ; and (v) identify and analyze the constraints facing women farmers in crop production in the study area. Using multi-stage sampling technique, the study area was zoned into three using the existing zoning …
Can the material for “A Study of Wole Soyinka the Beautification of Area Boys and Dance of the Forest” be used as a guide for English Language Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to demonstrate the Literature and Ecology Study of Wole Soyinka a Dance of the Forest and Beautification of Area Boys. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to find out the relationship between the ecological implications gleaned and the current ecological crisis and apply eco-critical framework as a veritable analytical tool in reading Soyinka’s plays. The current crisis of ecology and environmental pollution have gripped the attention and aroused the concern of many people alive today. Studies show that our imprudent behaviour towards, and utilization of, Nature have pushed the world into a crisis that has not only led to the gradual destruction of our ecology and its very capacity to …
Can this topic “Banking Failure and Future Development” be used for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — For some years back in Nigeria, some banks have not been living up to expectations. During the free banking era, a lot of banks failed and this did not augur well for the economy. The researcher noted that bank failures had adverse effect on the economy. The study focused attention the general operations of the bank, its operational problems, consequences of bank failures on the business of manufactures and control measure, necessary in checking the incidence for the future development of banks in Nigeria. Bank failure is the inability of a bank to meet up with its set goals. In the past, banks that failed, did so because of some reasons like inability to honour depositors fund on request, improper accounting records, …
Can this topic “Design and Implementation of Wireless Local Network in Dorben Polytechnic Abuja” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This project report, design and implementation of wireless local area network in Dorben Polytechnic, Abuja is written to serve as a reference book for wireless LAN in the future whenever it is desired. This report explains the survey consideration, hardware consideration, end-user consideration and principle of wireless network.In addition, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) this professional body have done a lot of work to make wireless network had numerous option to choice a suitable wireless router 802.11 (a, b, g, n etc.) …
Can the material for “The Impact of Organizational Structure of Commercial Banks” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research is a study aimed at finding the main causes of customers of commercial banks to be prompt wherever they are in their current or saving accounts or withdrawing cash from their savings account balances or cash cheque in their current account balance. Consequent upon this, it will determine the impact balance of the organizational structure of commercial banks on efficient customer services. In other words, this pieces of research work goes to determine whether the organizational structure of commercial banks service in Nigeria especially First Bank (Nig) Plc. This research was restricted to (4) four branches each in three states Lagos fourteen branches in Nigeria. Both interview and questionnaires, method of data gathering were used. This categories of sample were used in …
Is the topic “Information Technology and Systems Audit” recommended for Accounting Technology Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research tends to examine information technology and systems audit with reference to First Bank Nigeria Plc. The research employ survey design and a simple random sampling technique was adopted for selection of respondents the questionnaires were administered to. A sample of twenty (20) was drawn from the entire population. Data gathered from the respondents were presentated on tables in percentage. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested with use of Chi-square analysis. The results of the test shows that Information Technology and Systems Audit has a positive influence on the Banking sector in Nigeria and Systems Audit has a positive impact on the computer systems security and information security within an organisation. Recommendations were proffered to banks to implore the use of information …
Can this topic “Design and Implementation of Student’s Transcript Generating Software” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Students’ transcript is the summary of each of the two-year performance either in (OND) ordinary National Diploma or (HND) higher national diploma. The aim of this study is to design and implement Student’s Transcript Generating Software. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop an application software that will Provide security measure to check students mischievous act of changing marks on the result sheet., and reduce in the amount of resources, which in turn will lower the cost of processing of student’s transcripts, since information will be stored in a database with reduced data Redundancy. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is as a result of …
Can the material for “Perceived Effectiveness of Obesity and Weight Management Strategies Among Undergraduate Students” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — The prevalence of obesity has increased in an alarming rate so much that it now occurs in children. Advancement of technology has made a lot of people’s lifestyle to be sedentary. There are a lot of programmes established to ensure people have a normal healthy body weight. This study explores the perception of undergraduates about various weight and obesity management strategies. The research was hypothesized that undergraduates significantly perceived (1) diet (2) physical activity (3) use of drugs (4) surgery as effective weight management strategies and that there is a significant difference between male and female participants in their perception of effectiveness on diet, physical activity and surgery as weight management strategies. The descriptive research was adopted for the study. The …
Can the material for “Role of Accounting in the Control of Private and Public Sectors of the Nigerian Economy” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — In recent times, private and public organizations in Nigeria have been faced with cases of financial crises, which have resulted in most of the organizations going into extension. Those who are able to survive more are in a gunil pace. Obviously, the causes of financial crises in our private and public sectors have been attributed to be unrecognized in nature and total negligence of the roles of accounting in our private and public organizations. This research work will look the role of accounting in the central of private and public sectors in Nigeria. It will try to analyzed the implication of applying the accounting principles in our private and organizations and then look at how these principles confined the operations of …