IMPACT OF WASTE MATERIAL OBTAINED DURING BIOGAS GENERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
Biogas is the mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen (anaerobically), primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source (Wikipedia, 2021).
Biogas produced in anaerobic digesters consists of methane (50%–80%), carbon dioxide (20%–50%), and trace levels of other gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide. Anaerobic digestion is a biological process in which organic material is decomposed by bacteria in the absence of air. The general technology of anaerobic digestion of complex organic matter is well known and has been applied for over 60 years as part of domestic sewage treatment to stabilize organic wastes. Bal & Dhagat (2001) points out that the anaerobic process is more advantageous than the aerobic process in organic waste treatment because of the high degree of waste stabilization, low production of excess biological sludge, low nutrient requirement and production of methane gas as a useful byproduct. Several studies have been carried out for evaluating kinetic parameters and model equations for anaerobic digestion by Siles et al. (2010), Borja et al. (2005), Jimenez et al. (2004), Raposo et al. (2009), Rincon et al. (2009) and Hu et al. (2002); these are all based on the Monod kinetic model (Monod 1950) and on the revised kinetic model developed by Chen et al. (1980) and Hashimoto et al. (1981).
In the microbiology of methanogenic process four different bacterial groups are identified as being responsible for carrying out the anaerobic digestion of complex organic matter. The first group of bacteria is a hydrolytic bacterium which catabolizes carbohydrate, protein, lipid and other minor components of organic matter to fatty acids, H2 and CO2. The second group of bacteria is hydrogen producing acetogenic bacteria which catabolizes certain fatty acids and neutral end products to acetate, CO2 and H2. The third group of bacteria is homo acetogenic which synthesizes acetate using H2, CO2 and formate, and hydrolyzes multi carbon compound to acetic acid. Finally, the fourth group of bacteria i.e. methanogenic bacteria utilizes acetate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce methane. The concerted action of these four bacterial groups ensures process stability during anaerobic digestion of the complex organic matter.
1.2 Statement of Problems
The study reveals the following problems associated with the Impact of Waste Material Obtained during Biogas Generation for Sustainable Energy;
- Lack proper estimation of heavy metals content using AAS and FTIR,
- Inadequate information relating to the waste material obtained during biogas generation,
- Lack of proper and precise information relating to the sustainable energy and agricultural application.
- Lack of proper and precise information relating to the hexane removal from pretreated orange wastes.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of this study was to determine the Impact of Waste Material Obtained during Biogas Generation for Sustainable Energy. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To provide of information relating to the waste material obtained during biogas generation;
- To estimate the heavy metals content using AAS and FTIR;
- To identify the hexane removal from pretreated orange wastes; and
- To provide information relating to the sustainable energy and agricultural application.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This research work when completed and implemented it will help to estimate the heavy metals content using Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), provide information relating to the waste material obtained during biogas generation, which will be beneficial to;
- Lab scientist,
- Geologist
- Agricultural Engineer
Besides, the study will serve as reference material for subsequent researcher in the field or related topics.
1.5 Scope of Study
The scope of this research is focuses on the Impact of Waste Material Obtained during Biogas Generation for Sustainable Energy.
1.6 Research Hypothesis
The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the Impact of Waste Material Obtained during Biogas Generation for Sustainable Energy. Therefore, the study is based on the following null hypotheses:
- Mean heavy metal content using AAS and FTIR are within acceptable or safe limits.
- Waste materials obtained during biogas generation for sustainable energy of different types do not have equal metal concentrations.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
1.8 Definition of Technical Terms
Heavy: having great weight; also characterized by mass or weight.
Metal: Metals are opaque, lustrous elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity. Most metals are malleable and ductile and are, in general, denser than the other elemental substances
Adverse Effect: An adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention, such as surgery.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Impact of Waste Material Obtained During Biogas Generation for Sustainable Energy can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Impact of Waste Material Obtained During Biogas Generation for Sustainable Energy" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Impact of Waste Material Obtained During Biogas Generation for Sustainable Energy" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “The Sociological Indices of African Drama” be used as a guide for English Language Project?
Yes it can be used — A persisting tendency in African Drama has remained a careful evaluation and a critical analysis of the African society for the purpose of heralding the cultural virtues and attacking the vices prevalent in the African society for a general social transformation. Drama has been defined as the mimesis of life on stage before a given audience and a replication of the human society on stage. Therefore the purpose of this research is to highlight and discuss in details the sociological elements evident in African Drama. Having drawn analysis from Wole Soyinka’s The Beatification of Area Boy: A Lagosian Kaleidoscope and Olu Obafemi’s Scapegoats and Sacred Cows from the sociological theoretical framework, it is evident that the sensual entertainment evident in …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Library Information Management System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — In Godfrey Okoye University, library management and administration is a very manual one in the sense that the information management methods are mostly done using the file system, students access to library resources are heavily manual, and that the library catalogue is done using the file system. As a result, accidents of data loss are common, Library record storage is often costly on the long run and theft of library materials is often an easy job. In the light of these problems, the design and implementation of a web-based library information management system is a facility that aims at allowing students to access and borrow books from the library without having to visit the library physically. It allows library staff …
Can this topic “Effects of Pidgin English in Standard English Usage Among Students” be used for Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The use of Pidgin English in the Nigerian context has gone beyond verbal communication to become more of a mode of behaviour as its expression has moved from informal conversation to formal situations. This above scenario necessitated this study which investigates the effects of Pidgin English on Standard English usage among selected secondary schools in Eha-Amufu in Isi-Uzo L. G. A. Using the descriptive research design and the questionnaire as the research instruments, data were collected from a sample of 200 students and 35 teachers from four selected secondary schools in Eha-Amufu. Also, copies of the written essays of the selected students were analysed to complement results from the questionnaire. Findings reveal that the use of Pidgin English is traceable to …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Semi Automated Indexing and Abstraction System for Medical Records” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Abstraction involves direct matching of information found in the record to the data elements required for a study. Medical record indexing is the process of organizing medical records and information into an accessible user friendly system. The motivation that prompts the execution of the research work is that, problems found in the existing system is care providers waste precious time searching and browsing the patient record to collect all information pertinent to the actual situation, Difficulty in accessing certain patient file location, and Inaccuracies in patient’s medical record keeping due to human errors. In eradicating this stated problems, the following objectives was considered; to develop an application that will enable the care providers search and browse patient record without delay, …
Can the material for “Manpower Recruitment and Selection Strategy in a Manufacturing firm” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The topic of the study is on manpower recruitment and selection strategies in a manufacturing firm, a study of Rock Tama Spring Water Company, Nanka. The researcher used oral interview and questionnaires to gather data. Data so far collected were analyzed using simple average and percentage techniques. Thus were the findings; the observation was that the company depends mostly on internal source of recruitment; Rock Tama Spring Water company does not allow new blood from entering the organization. Low products and high turnover are major problems of recruitment and selection strategies in manufacturing firms. Unstructured interview on employees also contribute to improper manpower recruitment and selection strategies in Rock Tama. The company makes use of unskilled labor which has disadvantages …
Can the material for “An Assessment of Public Relations Strategies in the Nigeria Financial Institutions” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The research work titled an assessment of public relations strategies in the Nigerian financial institution which focused on UBA bank Gboko is aimed at evaluating the duty of public relations in the banking sector which the researcher employed some research method in explaining the method which the research is been carried out. Public Relations is the art and social science of analyzing trends, predicting their organizational consequences, counseling management and implementing planned programme of action which will serve both the organization and its publics. It is in this light that United Bank for Africa of Nigeria Plc as an organization needs to adopt and implement public relations strategies which is also the role of public relations in building a favorable image for …
Can the material for “A Critically Investigation Into the Effect of Pay Satisfaction on Teacher’s Commitment in Some Selected Secondary Schools” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — The relationship between pay satisfaction and organizational job commitment is an important issue for any organization. As such explore the effect of pay satisfaction on teachers’ job commitment in some selected secondary schools in Ijebu Ode, Ogun State Nigeria. This research study adopted survey method and a confidential questionnares was developed and sent to 200 respondents from the selected secondary schools in jibu-ode Local Government Area of Ogun-State. Three research hypotheses were developed for this study using chi-square statistical tool for the analysis. The result shows a significant relationship between pay satisfaction and teacher’s job commitment and that job satisfaction has a significant relationship with motivational factors. Therefore, teacher becomes more committed when they are motivated with some incentives. The …
Can the material for “A Philosophical Appraisal of Joseph Fletcher’s New Morality” be used as a guide for Philosophy Project?
Yes it can be used — The purpose of the study is to critically examine Joseph Fletcher’s situation ethics on New Morality. Fletcher’s ethics is a response to universalist or absolute approach to the question of morality. The problem to be treated is about moral decision-making. How is one to act when faced with a moral decisive situation? Life presents us with situations where decisions are not so clear-cut. Saying yes to one perceived good often means saying no to another. Data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet were employed. The data were presented on a frequency distribution table and analyzed using simple percentage. The relevance of this study is that it shows that some actions are not right or wrong in themselves, …
Can this topic “Organizational Memory and Employee Productivity in Some Selected Organization in Rivers State” be used for Office Technology and Management (OTM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Organizational Memory consist of unstructured concepts and information that exist in the organization's culture and the minds of its members, and that can be partially represented by concrete/physical memory aids such as databases. The study scrutinized the Organizational Memory and Employee Productivity in Some Selected Organization in Rivers State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to assess the relevance of Management and Employee's Memory and evaluate the factors affecting the Productivity of Employee in Some Selected Organization in Rivers State. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents were selected for this study to …
Can the material for “Digitalization of the Child Abuse System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Digitalization of the Child Abuse System is a project proposed to create awareness among masses on the issues related to child abuse. The computerized system will keep tracks of all the suspicious incidents of child abuse by generating reports, aid law enforcement agency based on numerous details. Implementing this computerized system will play a crucial role in child welfare. The aim of the study is to digitalize the manual child abuse tracking system. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to design a functionally database system for child abuse offenders and victims, compute child abuse records for easy retrieval and design a software that will deny access to unauthorized personnel. The motivation that led to the …