ELECTRICAL RADIATION AND IT'S APPLICATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Electrical Radiation processing can be defined as exposure of materials with high energy radiation to change their physical, chemical, or biological characteristics, to increase their usefulness, and safety purpose, or to reduce their harmful impact on the environment. Electrical radiation is the emission or transmission of energy as waves or particles through space or through a material medium which is able to penetrate various materials and is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles. Radiation is the phenomenon of waves radiating which means traveling outward in all direction from a source. This leads to a system of measurements and physical units that are applicable to all types of radiation (Cléro et al., 2019).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Recent decades have been devoted to the intense search for the response to questions related to the impact of radiation on the human body. Due to the growing fashion for a healthy lifestyle, increasing numbers of works about the alleged dangers of electromagnetic waves and diseases that they cause appeared. However, the discoveries of 20th century, and knowledge of the properties of electromagnetic radiation have allowed broadening the horizons of the use of artificial sources of radiation in many fields of science and especially in medicine.
Electric fields are produced by the local build-up of electric charges in the atmosphere associated with thunderstorms. The earth's magnetic field causes a compass needle to orient in a North-South direction and is used by birds and fish for navigation. Besides natural sources the electromagnetic spectrum also includes fields generated by human-made sources: X-rays are employed to diagnose a broken limb after a sport accident. The electricity that comes out of every power socket has associated low frequency electromagnetic fields. And various kinds of higher frequency radiowaves are used to transmit information – whether via TV antennas, radio stations or mobile phone base stations (WHO, 2021).
Humans have been constantly exposed to electromagnetic radiation, including sunlight, cosmic rays, and terrestrial radiations. However, a substantial increase in exposure, especially to low frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR), started in the early 20th century with the generation of artificial electromagnetic fields and continued with the development of power stations, radio, radar, television, computers, mobile phones, microwave ovens, and numerous devices used in medicine and industry.
Electromagnetic radiation wave is the essential driver of modern technological and economical growth. The excessive use of EM field based electrical device has some adverse impacts on human health. This paper analyses most of the negative impacts, such as Brain tumors, sensory system collapse, lymphatic system down, testicle and spermatogenesis problem, malformed formation of cartilage from proven studies investigation. Separate in vivo and in vitro studies result accumulated in the paper. The ultimate finding is whether EM field is dangerous or not.
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to investigate the Electrical Radiation and It’s Application.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation reveals the problems of the research work which entails that, humans have been constantly exposed to electromagnetic radiation, including sunlight, cosmic rays, and terrestrial radiations. However, a substantial increase in exposure, especially to low frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR), started in the early 20th century with the generation of artificial electromagnetic fields and continued with the development of power stations, radio, radar, television, computers, mobile phones, microwave ovens, and numerous devices used in medicine and industry. These technological advances have aroused concerns about the potential health risks associated with unprecedented levels of EMR exposure. Ionizing radiation causes biological effects by directly or indirectly damaging the DNA molecule.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to investigate the Electrical Radiation and It’s Application. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To identify the effect of Electrical Radiation on Human Health;
- To determine the causes of electrical radiation;
- To assess the application area of electrical radiation; and
- To recommend possible solution to the above stated problems.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- Does Electrical radiation have any significant effect on Human Health?
- What do you understand by Electrical Radiation?
- What are the causes of electrical radiation?
- What is the application area of electrical radiation?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H0: There is no significant effect of Electrical Radiation on Human Health
- H1: There is a significant effect of Electrical Radiation on Human Health
1.7 Significance of Study
This study will be of immense benefit to health practitioners and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.8 Scope of Study
The scope of the research focuses on the Investigation of the Electrical Radiation and It’s Application in Nigeria.
1.9 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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