DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR MONITORING BIRTH RATE RECORDS

ABSTRACT

Birth registration and monitoring is part of national civil registration systems that also record marriages and deaths. The aim of the study is to design and implement an Automated System for Monitoring Birth Rate Records. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to develop an online system that can be easily used to register births and implement a system that can be used to obtain reports of birth rate. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is as a result of the difficulty encountered in determining the birth rate in different regions and time consumption during manual recording of birth rate information.

The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application.

This project will enable management of the clinic to properly maintain record of birth registration and facilitate the easy presentation of reports pertaining to birth monitoring. This system when completed and implemented it will facilitate the easy presentation of reports pertaining to birth monitoring, and the enabling management of the clinic to properly maintain record of birth registration. The expected result is an Automated System for Monitoring Birth Rate Records that will process birth register and monitor birth rates of a particular region, and the system will generates an accurate reports of birth rate for decision making purpose.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Registering a child’s birth is a critical first step towards safeguarding lifelong protection. Promoting children’s right to birth registration falls clearly within UNICEF’s mandate. There has been some progress, albeit small in raising birth registration levels. Between 2000 and 2010 global birth registration levels rose only slightly, from 58 per cent to 65 percent. Certain trends in the international environment provide opportunities for rethinking approaches to birth registration. Birth registration is the continuous, permanent and universal recording, within the civil registry, of the occurrence and characteristics of births in accordance with the legal requirements of a country. Birth registration is the official recording of a child’s birth by the State. It is a permanent and official record of a child’s existence. Birth registration is part of an effective civil registration system that acknowledges the person’s existence before the law establishes family ties and tracks the major events of an individual’s life, from live birth to marriage and death.

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.

1.2 Background of Study

Birth registration is part of national civil registration systems that also record marriages and deaths. Civil registration provides the demographic data that are needed by governments to track the size, differentials and trends of their populations. When complete and accurate, civil registration facilitates democratic governance. It enables governments to develop policies and plans for basic service delivery and social and economic development that respond to the needs of different sectors of their populations. Through these mechanisms, civil registration facilitates the access of both children and adults to protection under the law, to services and entitlements and to social and economic opportunities, and can improve their ability to exercise their civil rights.

Although birth registration is almost complete in all developed countries, the lack of progress on civil registration in many developing countries means that global inequalities in birth registration are now extreme. The births of approximately 230 million children under the age of 5 have not been registered. Of these, around 85 million are in sub-Saharan Africa, 135 million in Asia (east and south Asia and the Pacific) and the remainder in the rest of the world. But does this matter in their lives? Birth registration may signify the beginning of the legal contract between the individual and the State known as citizenship. Birth registration serves as important proof of the place of birth and parentage, and while birth registration does not in itself confer citizenship upon the child, it is often essential for its acquisition based on each country’s laws.

Birth registration may also be vital for confirmation of nationality following tumultuous events such as armed conflict and situations of state succession. The registration of births and acquisition of citizenship are distinct processes, however birth registration serves as important proof of the facts that form the basis for conferral of citizenship at birth.

More specifically it establishes a legal record of where the child was born and who his or her parents are and thus whether the child can acquire citizenship on the basis of place of birth (jus soli) or descent (jus sanguinis). Children who are not registered are excluded from the benefits of citizenship in ways that vary between countries. A birth certificate may be required to obtain access to basic services such as health and education, and it can also help to protect children from situations of exploitation and violence, such as child marriage and child labour, and achieve convictions against those who have abused a child.

In adulthood, birth certificates may be needed for many purposes: to obtain social security or a job in the formal sector; to buy or prove the right to inherit property; to obtain identity cards; to vote; and to obtain a passport. The lack of a birth certificate can have a serious, cumulative, negative effect on people’s life opportunities. As well as providing the individual with legal proof of identity, birth registration also plays a crucial role in the generation of vital statistics.

Due to the benefits that accrue from using the computer system, it can be applied to solve numerous problems. Birth rate monitoring cannot be manually achieved.

An automated software system is needed to enable instant monitoring of birth rate. This is only possible when there is a web based or online system to register births. As the births are being registered, a bar chart can be used to determine the rate of birth in specific regions. To achieve this, computer programmers need to develop a software system that runs online. The benefit of the system is that it will enable those in charge of taking statistics of birth rate to get needed information easily and with minimal stress.

1.3 Statement of Problem

Investigation reveals the problems of the Automated System for Monitoring Birth Rate Records existing system:

It is difficult to determine the birth rate in different regions.
It is time consuming to manually record birth rate information.
It is not easy to monitor the rate of birth based on birth registration records that are manually obtained.

1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to design and implement an Automated System for Monitoring Birth Rate Records. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

To develop an online system that can be easily used to register births.
To develop a system that can be utilized to monitor birth rates.
To implement a system that can be used to obtain reports of birth rate
To develop a system that will aid easy updating of birth registration records

1.5 Significance of Study

The study is significant in the following ways:

It will enable management of the clinic to properly maintain record of birth registration.
It will facilitate the easy presentation of reports pertaining to birth monitoring.
The study will serve as a useful reference.

This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The scope of this research is focused on the Design and Implementation of an Automated System for Monitoring Birth Rate Records using Unth Enugu as a case study.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1.8 Definition of Terms

Online: Refers a system which is connected to or delivered from the internet.

Birth: The process of childbearing

Monitor: To detect and inform about the presence of something.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Statement of Problem
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.5 Significance of Study
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Limitations of the Study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 Electronic Birth Record Management System
2.4 Birth Registration
2.5 Birth Population Control
2.6 Health Information Systems Reform
2.7 Efforts to Reform Health Information Systems
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 Methodology Adopted
3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
3.2.2 Disadvantages of the Existing System
3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
3.3 Analysis of the Proposed System
3.3.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
3.3.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
3.3.3 Justification of the Proposed System
3.4 Functional Requirements
3.4.1 Use Case Diagram of the Admin / User Privileges
3.5 Data Requirements
3.6 High Level Model of the Proposed System
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Objectives of the Design
4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
4.4 System Specification and Design
4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
4.4.3 Data Dictionary
4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
4.6 Program Documentation
4.7 Implementation Techniques
4.8 Programming Module Specification
4.8.1 Installation
4.8.2 Security Design Specification
4.8.3 System Architecture
4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
4.10 Software Requirement
4.11 Personnel / User Training
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”
APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”

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