COMPUTERIZED DRUG PROCUREMENT AND INSTITUTION TRACKING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
Drug procurement and Institution Tracking System is a set of computer programs that obtains the supplies of drugs, distribute the drugs and monitors the inventory control of the drugs. The aim of the study is to design and implement a drug procurement and Institution Tracking System using pharmacy department of the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will provide information about the quantity of drugs remaining and ensure ordering of drugs without mistake of procuring more than required. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is as a result of the manual recording system which tends to be complex, difficulty in having access to drugs and patients records and the existing system lacks good storage information system for drugs (Database). The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. This research work will be of benefit to health care medical practitioners and pharmacists. The expected result is a Computerized Drug Procurement and Institution Tracking System that will prevent sales of expired drugs and ensure accurate keeping of records of drugs. Also, the system will generates an accurate drug items bill for payment purpose.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Drug procurement and Institution Tracking System is a set of computer programs that obtains the supplies of drugs, distribute the drugs and monitors the inventory control of the drugs. Drug tracking is concern with the continuous monitoring of the actual quantity of drugs held in the hospital pharmacy or any other drug warehouse /store and controls the stock level. Pharmaceutical unit in a hospital is concern with drug management activities. They carry out the responsibility of making appropriate selection and drugs uses by formulating an annual, monthly, weekly or daily list for drugs requirement and management reports. However, in some hospital today, some pharmacists still operates manual system of drug management information system which can lead into some drugs management errors like problems of handling voluminous file with a short period of time, which could make data not being easily accessed, late delivery of drugs and can also lead to misplacement of patients files.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Computerization according to oxford dictionary is defined as the control processes with the use of computers and its peripherals. Today it would be difficult to think of any process, business or action that could not be profited from the numerous benefits of the computer system. Controlling process or devices with computer started long ago since the invention of computer. In the 20th century inventors tried to make process easier with the use of computers (Wikipedia, 2021). Secondly computerization has been greatly applied or used in controlling process that requires frequent action such as drug procurement, drug management, drug tracking and drug distributions in hospital management information system in pharmacy department of hospital.
This project is to provide a computer based information management system in a pharmacy department of the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) by designing a cost effective, user friendly application, incorporating key attributes of data integrity and system security suitable for use in the pharmacy department of the hospital. The overall aim of this project is optimization of time and material in the processing of data needed for effective operation of large pharmacy department of a hospital. In doing this, data integrity must be compromise as consistency is ensured and data redundancy eliminated.
Drugs are the chemical substances that are administered to patients for curative purposes and prophylaxis. It can also be referrer as a medicine, because it is the essential part of peoples care.
The ability of the computer to store and to retrieve Information at every fast and efficient rate makes it application useful in management operations. The activity of drug management involves drug procurement, drug distribution, drug tracking and its information management. While drug distribution is concern with distribution of drugs within the different medical units or departments in a hospital, and drug procurement is concern with the purchasing activities of the drugs by the pharmacy department of the hospital. The challenges encountered that led to the execution of the research work is that, the ill often incurred from manual drug information management, drug procurement, drug tracking, and drug distribution procedures. It is clear that due to human limitations in the following up procedures, lapses are bound to occur.
1.3 Statement of Problem
Investigation revealed the problems of the existing system which is stated as follows;
- The manual recording system which tends to be complex
- Lack of good storage information system for drugs (Database)
- Difficulty in having access to drugs and patients records
- Lack of communication between the hospitals department as a result of non- computerized system of management.
In view of all these problems, it became necessary to develop a computer based drug information management system and Institution Tracking System.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of the study is to design and implement a drug procurement and Institution Tracking System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will:
- Provide information about the quantity of drugs remaining.
- Prevent sales of expired drugs
- Ensure accurate keeping of records of drugs
- Ensure ordering of drugs without mistake of procuring more than required.
1.5 Significance of Study
This research work lies in its usefulness as the people right to health care including the right to a reliable standard of health care services and assurance that drugs received are genuine and safe, hospital will rely on a standard drug management system for good management of drug. This also assures better welfare for patients.
In the face of rapid technology changes today, the need to develop computer model of drug based information management system arises .It will also lead to substantial improvement in welfare, profit margin and organizational effectiveness and efficiency.
This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.6 Scope of Study
The study focuses on the design and implementation of a drug procurement and Institution Tracking System using pharmacy department of the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) as a case study.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
1.8 Definition of Terms
Database: A collection of logically related data to meet the information need of organization.
DBMS: Database management software that enable the user to define, maintain Control the database.
Application Program: A computer program that interacts with the database.
MENU: This is a list of options presented on the screen with each option identified by short code followed by longer description of its purposes.
Drug: It is referred to as a medicine or chemical substances that are administered to Patients for curative measures.
Pharmacy: A placed in a hospital where medicine or chemical substances are kept, stored and prepared.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problem
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
- 1.5 Significance of Study
- 1.6 Scope of Study
- 1.7 Limitations of the Study
- 1.8 Definition of Terms
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review of Drug Information
- 2.2.1 Classification of Information Sources
- 2.2.2 Drug Reference Data
- 2.2.3 Drug Interaction
- 2.2.3.1 Drug Interaction Prevention
- 2.2.4 Drug Adverse Effect
- 2.3 Clinical Trials
- 2.4 Phases of Clinical Trials
- 2.5 Overview of Drug Management Information System
- 2.6 Theoretical Framework
- 2.6.1 Drug Procurement
- 2.6.2 Drug Distribution
- 2.6.3 Drug Contraindication
- 2.6.3.1 Types of Drug Contraindication
- 2.6.4 Drug Pharmacokinetics
- 2.6.5 Drug Pharmacology
- 2.7 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
- 2.7.1 Drug Therapeutic Effect
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
- 3.1 Methodology Adopted
- 3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
- 3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
- 3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
- 3.2.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System
- 3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
- 3.3 Analysis of the Proposed System
- 3.3.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
- 3.3.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
- 3.3.3 Justification of the Proposed System
- 3.4 Functional Requirements
- 3.4.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges
- 3.5 Data Requirements
- 3.6 High Level Model of the Proposed System
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
- 4.1 Objectives of the Design
- 4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
- 4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
- 4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
- 4.4 System Specification and Design
- 4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
- 4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
- 4.4.3 Data Dictionary
- 4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
- 4.6 Program Documentation
- 4.7 Implementation Techniques
- 4.8 Programming Module Specification
- 4.8.1 Installation
- 4.8.2 Security Design Specification
- 4.8.3 System Architecture
- 4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
- 4.10 Software Requirement
- 4.11 Personnel / User Training
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”
APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Computerized Drug Procurement and Institution Tracking System" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problem
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
- 1.5 Significance of Study
- 1.6 Scope of Study
- 1.7 Limitations of the Study
- 1.8 Definition of Terms
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review of Drug Information
- 2.2.1 Classification of Information Sources
- 2.2.2 Drug Reference Data
- 2.2.3 Drug Interaction
- 2.2.3.1 Drug Interaction Prevention
- 2.2.4 Drug Adverse Effect
- 2.3 Clinical Trials
- 2.4 Phases of Clinical Trials
- 2.5 Overview of Drug Management Information System
- 2.6 Theoretical Framework
- 2.6.1 Drug Procurement
- 2.6.2 Drug Distribution
- 2.6.3 Drug Contraindication
- 2.6.3.1 Types of Drug Contraindication
- 2.6.4 Drug Pharmacokinetics
- 2.6.5 Drug Pharmacology
- 2.7 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
- 2.7.1 Drug Therapeutic Effect
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
- 3.1 Methodology Adopted
- 3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
- 3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
- 3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
- 3.2.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System
- 3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
- 3.3 Analysis of the Proposed System
- 3.3.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
- 3.3.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
- 3.3.3 Justification of the Proposed System
- 3.4 Functional Requirements
- 3.4.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges
- 3.5 Data Requirements
- 3.6 High Level Model of the Proposed System
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
- 4.1 Objectives of the Design
- 4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
- 4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
- 4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
- 4.4 System Specification and Design
- 4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
- 4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
- 4.4.3 Data Dictionary
- 4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
- 4.6 Program Documentation
- 4.7 Implementation Techniques
- 4.8 Programming Module Specification
- 4.8.1 Installation
- 4.8.2 Security Design Specification
- 4.8.3 System Architecture
- 4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
- 4.10 Software Requirement
- 4.11 Personnel / User Training
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”
APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Computerized Drug Procurement and Institution Tracking System" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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