COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE SUGAR AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF INDUSTRIALLY PROCESSED FRUIT JUICES SOLD WITH FRESHLY PREPARED FRUIT JUICES
ABSTRACT
The sugar and mineral levels of industrially processed fruit juices (mainly 100% and 50% fruit juices) sold to consumers in Enugu state, Nigeria were determined and compared with that of freshly prepared fruit juices. The liquid nature as well as the versatility of juice has increased the ease with which fruit juices can be altered with sugar, contaminants, water or inferior juices by unethical suppliers. This research was performed to address the potential concern that industrially processed fruit juices (especially those with ‘100% natural’ and ‘no sugar added’ label) may differ in quality with respect to sugar and mineral contents (including heavy metal contents which is deleterious to quality) from extracted juice of fresh fruit, as well as to address in part the ongoing public health concerns of excessive sugar consumption, micronutrient malnutrition and heavy metal contamination. The fruit juices tested included apple, orange, pineapple and red grape juices.
All industrially processed fruit juices and fresh fruits used were purchased in Enugu state, Nigeria. The fresh fruits were juiced and all samples including industrially processed and the freshly prepared fruit juices were tested for total soluble solid (TSS) content, fructose, glucose, sucrose, Na, K, Mg, Ca, P, Fe and heavy metals contents such as Cu, Zn, As and Pb. Findings from the analysis of the TSS content of fruit juice samples demonstrated no significant (p > 0.05) difference between the industrially processed and freshly prepared fruit juices; however, difference in sugar and mineral levels between industrially processed and freshly extracted fruit juices was significant (p < 0.05).
Industrially processed fruit juices contained higher glucose, sucrose, Na, Ca, P, Cu and Zn contents, and lower fructose, K and Mg contents when compared to freshly prepared fruit juices. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in iron (Fe) and arsenic (As) contents of industrially processed fruit juices when compared with the freshly extracted juices. Lead (Pb) was not detected in any of the samples. This study demonstrated no quality issues of concern in relation to the products because all the parameters considered in the study were within the standard acceptable range for fruit juices and nectar.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Fruit juices are becoming important part of modern diet in many communities. Their consumption is popular in Nigeria because of their health and invigorating benefits (Alaka et al., 2003; Ndife et al., 2013). They act as nutritious beverages and play significant roles in healthy diets because they offer good taste and varieties of nutrients found naturally in fruits (O’Neil and Nicklas, 2008; Hossain et al., 2012). In Nigeria, different kinds of seasonal fruits are available including apple, orange, pineapple, and grape which provide an abundance of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and fibers, all of which are essential for human health (Jasmine, 2012). Fruit juice intake is a convenient way by which people receive the benefits of various fruits when whole fruit is not readily available or desired (Nitu et al., 2010).
Properly extracted juices are very similar to the fruit; they contain most substances which are found in the original ripe and sound fruit from which the juice is made. Fruit juices are always 100% fruit products and should not be confused with soft drinks or other refreshing drinks (Landon, 2007). They are available either in their freshly prepared form or industrially processed form. In either case, it is expected to be free from contaminants and contain most substances which are found in the original ripe and sound fruit from which the juice is extracted, without added sugar or preservative (Hassan et al., 2014). It should be void of environmental pollutants such as toxic metals which impacts negatively on quality and are deleterious to health. Fruit juices contain water and varying concentrations of carbohydrates such as sucrose, fructose, glucose and sorbitol (Oranusi et al., 2012).
They are also rich in phytochemicals, minerals and vitamins which are responsible for the several health benefits associated with their consumption, including reduction in the risk of a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer (Cashwell, 2009). However, the beneficial health effects of fruit juices depends on the amount consumed in a daily diet, type of fruit and the content of biologically active compounds. In recent times, the quality of fruit juices is diminished with increasing concentration of toxic compounds including added sugar, heavy metals and other contaminants. Excessive sugar consumption from fruit juice has been associated with the development of obesity, type II diabetes and dental caries (Cashwell, 2009).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Comparative Studies of the Sugar and Mineral Contents of Industrially Processed Fruit Juices Sold with Freshly Prepared Fruit Juices can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Comparative Studies of the Sugar and Mineral Contents of Industrially Processed Fruit Juices Sold with Freshly Prepared Fruit Juices" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is the topic “The Effect of Indiscipline in Primary School” recommended for Education Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research project aimed at investigating, the Effect of Indiscipline in Primary Schools (A Case Study of Selected Primary Schools in Ibadan South Local Government Area of Oyo State). This research project define indiscipline as lack of training which produce no self control and disorderliness which resulted in unruly behaviours. The target population of this study comprises of all the teachers in the Primary Schools in Ibadan South Local Government of Oyo State. However, only five primary schools were selected for the study. The sample consists of One hundred (100) teachers in Ibadan South Local Government Area of Oyo State, twenty teachers were selected from each schools and this gives a total of One hundred (100) teachers. There are primary schools in …
Can this topic “Computer Forensic” be used for Computer Science Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This study examined computer forensics. The rapid evolution and development of computers and other digital devices has orchestrated a geometric increase in the severity and rate of cybercrimes committed the world over, Nigeria inclusive. These proliferations of cybercrimes pose threats to cyber and national security as a whole. The only way to combat cybercrime is to train competent computer forensics professionals who will investigate and help prosecute these cybercrimes and cybercriminals as well. The research identified the implications promotion of computer forensics education has on overall national security. It was deduced from the research that there is no tertiary institution offering computer forensics education at any level in Nigeria, creating scarcity of computer forensics professionals.Finally the paper recommends immediate attention …
Can the material for “Effective Communication as a Means for Achieving Organizational Goal and Objectives” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work centres on “Effective Communication as a tool for achieving organizational goals and objectives” the researcher examined the historical background of the study and the subject matter, the objective, significance and the scope of the research was well examined in the first chapter. In the second chapter the researcher was able to reveal some selected views of authors on what “Effective Communication is, the basic concepts, systems, process, characteristics of communication flow, importance of the study as well as the used in any business organizations. The researcher highlights the method of data collection and also the instrument used in analyzing data. The data gathered were analyzed in chapter four and hypothesis formulated was tested. The researcher finally draws …
Can the material for “Social Media for Users Interaction and Information Services” be used as a guide for Mass Communication (MC) Project?
Yes it can be used — Social media refers to the means of interaction among people in which they create, share, exchange and comment among themselves in different networks. The aim of the study is to scrutinize the Social Media for Users Interaction and Information Services. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the level of student addictiveness to social media and the effect on their academic performance, determine the social media network that the students are more exposed to and the effect on their academic performance, ascertain how the use of social media has effect the academic performance of the students, ascertain the difference in students’ usage of social media network by gender, and ascertain how age has effect …
Can the material for “Effect of Employee Engagement on Job Satisfaction” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This study was carried out to investigate the effect of employee engagement on job satisfaction in the area of study with a view to finding possible way to improve and encourage employee’s participation in decision making. A structured questionnaire was administered to Academic Staff of Federal University Dutsinma. The objectives of the study are to determine the effect of employee engagement on job satisfaction, to assess the relationship between employee work-life balance and job satisfaction, to determine effect of employee reward on job satisfaction, to examine the impact of employee team work on job satisfaction, to study the effect of employee autonomy on job satisfaction. The data utilized for this study was gathered through primary source. Regression analysis was used …
Is the topic “Information on Cost Accounting and Pricing” recommended for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The need for cost accounting came with increased industrialization, engineering an expansion in manufacturing. It is therefore obvious that in efficient system of costing is essential for industrial control. The topic, “Cost Accounting Information and Price Determination” Is teaching about cost accounting when adequately treated and its uses to the management of the organization in its planning and decisions. And here, we are trying to apply cost information which is efficiently determined to pricing policy decision. There is not yet an agreed best method of costing products though it may be helpful to recognize that cost allocation are being used to obtain a mutually acceptable price and not necessary to portray caused and effect relationship of cost incurrence. But price …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized Security Information System for Enugu State” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Security information system has always played a vital role in the stability of a nation. The aim of the study is to Design and Implement a database for security information storage and retrieval. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were set out to build a database system for police security information, develop a software for managing security information, and determine the effectiveness of Nigerian police in managing signal. The motivation that led to the implementation of the new Security Information System is that, keeping security information manually in the existing system can hinder some defense program and delay passage of security information to the appropriate body and the manual documentation of security information can lead to exposure of …
Can the material for “Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economy Growth of Nigeria” be used as a guide for Economics Project?
Yes it can be used — This study set out to empirically examine the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the economic growth in Nigeria between 1970 and 2010. The paper makes the proposition that there exists controversies over the effect of FDI on the economic growth of developing nations. However, the results obtained showed that FDI has some positive spillovers on the Nigerian economy hence the need to embark on the policies that would help to bring about greater FDI inflows. …
Can this topic “The Effects of Job Design on Worker’s Performance” be used for Human Resource Management (HRM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Job design is important to an organization because the way job are structured designed or coordinated has direct and significant impact on the performance of the organization. The aim of the study is to investigate the Effects of Job Design on Worker's Performance. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were set out to find out the effects of improper job design on worker's performance, examine some of the job design strategies that exists in most organization, investigate if employee's work is the work that has no definite job design, examine if the work of a employee is not recognized on given their due entitlement, find out if workers cannot satisfy their psychological social needs, identify the relationship between …
Can the material for “Knowledge Management System” be used as a guide for Management Project?
Yes it can be used — Knowledge management system is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge, it refers to a multi-disciplinary approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge. The reason for writing this project on design and implementation of knowledge management system is to create a platform where problems encountered during the cause of research on academic matters can be addressed. The methodology adopted in this study is the structure system analysis and design methodology. The findings from research work revealed that appraisal of E-learning system will bring more money to the coffer of the general public and easy learning will be curbed. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations made are that constant educating …