COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORGANIC MANURE AND N.P.K FERTILIZER ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND SHOOT DRY MATTER YIELD OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA)
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous roots, a major source of carbohydrates. It is a shrub with an average height of one meter, and has a palmate leaf formation. Cassava belongs to the family of rubber plants with a white latex flowing out of its wounded stem and leaf stalk. The stem is the planting material from which grows the roots and shoots. Cassava produces bulky storage roots with a heavy concentration of carbohydrates, about 80 percent (Babaleye, 1999).
The shoots grow into leaves that constitute good vegetable rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals. New knowledge of the biochemistry of the crop has proved that the proteins embedded in the leaves are equal in quality to the protein in egg (Philip, 1984). Cassava leaves and roots, if properly processed can therefore provide a balanced diet protecting millions of African children against malnutrition. One of the major constraints to increased cassava production in Nigeria is declining soil fertility due to continuous cropping and erosion losses.
The use of chemical fertilizers alone to sustain high crop yield has not been quite successful due to enhancement of soil acidity, nutrient leaching, degradation of soil physical condition and organic matter status. Interest in the use of organic manures is increasing day by day. Malcolm (2011) reported that organic manures are fertilizer compound that contain one or more kinds of organic matter. The ingredients may be animal or vegetable matter or a combination of the two. It is possible to purchase commercial brands of organic rich fertilizer as well as prepare organic fertilizer at home by building a compost heap. Animal manure is a common ingredient in the creation of organic fertilizer.
Organic manure consists of plants and animal residues at various stages of decomposition. Organic manure is responsible for most desirable surface soil structure, promotes a greater proportion of larger pore size, improves water and air relations and reduces erosion by wind and water. It also improves nutrient status of soils, increases the level of organic matter in the soils and gives high residual effect on soil fertility. Roy et al. (1990) reported that animal manures are excellent soil amendments, but very little is applied to cultivated fields in the tropics and sub-tropics.
Although organic matter in most cultivated soil is only 1 — 5% in the top layer of soil (0-25cm) that small amount can modify the soil physical properties. Organic manures are excellent sources of organic matter but relatively low in nutrients; therefore, to obtain optimum yields from continuous cropping, additional nutrients from N.P.K. fertilizers will be needed to compliment organic fertilizer.
However, Akoroda (1990) reported that the use of organic manure and N.P.K. fertilizer supplies appreciable cash income to peasant farmers. Since the majority of farmers active in arable crop production in Nigeria are poor, agricultural practices which are cheaper and are more readily available to them should therefore be introduced to them. The response of cassava (Manihot escullenta) to various types of animals manure and N.P.K. fertilizer applied in combinations are not known to have been investigated in Nigeria.
1.1 Aim and Objectives Of The Study
The aim of the study is to examine the Comparative Effectiveness of Organic Manure and N.P.K Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Shoot Dry Matter Yield of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta). In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To access the effectiveness of organic manure and N.P.K. fertilizer on soil properties and shoot dry matter yield of cassava (Manihot escullenta).
- To establish the optimum rate of combined use of organic manure and N.P.K. fertilizer for cassava production.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Comparative Effectiveness of Organic Manure and N.P.K Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Shoot Dry Matter Yield of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Comparative Effectiveness of Organic Manure and N.P.K Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Shoot Dry Matter Yield of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta)" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Code Switching and Code Mixing in Wole soyinka’s Trails of brother Jero” be used as a guide for Linguistics and Communication Project?
Yes it can be used — Code-switching is the use of more than one language, variety, or style by a speaker within an utterance or discourse, or between different interlocutors or situations. Code-mixing and code-switching are important aspects of sociolinguistics because of their use and status in the society. The continued exploration of various facets of code change is therefore not a surprise, as it has more than just (socio) linguistic, anthropological and psychological implications. A few studies have been carried out on bilingual speakers of English. Some of the studies focus on the way speakers of English code switch and mix between different language codes in their daily dialogues or conversations. All these studies drew their data from real life contexts. None of them investigated …
Can this topic “Tax as a Means of Income Redistribution in Nigeria” be used for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Tax as a means of income redistribution in Nigeria according to the universal library in volume seven said that income redistribution is the proportion of the national income going to w age earners it shows the individual differences in the accrued income. Tax enables us to know the taxable income due to us this study is mainly carried out to determine if or not we are over charged or not and to ascertain the effect of taxation as a means of redistribution in Nigeria. It enables the reader to know how, why an when tax came into existence an also what tax is all about. In chapter I is the introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the …
Can the material for “The Histopathological Effect of Neem Azadirachta (Dogoyora) Leaf on the Stomach of Wistar Rats” be used as a guide for Anatomy Project?
Yes it can be used — Dogoyaro leaf is an herb known to have numerous health benefits and has been used for beauty regimes for thousands of years now. The study examines the histopathological effect of neem azadirachta (dogoyora) leaf on the stomach of wistar rats. In achieving this aim, the following objectives were set out to; determine the effects of Neem azadirachta (dogoyora) Leaf in wistar rat, provide information relating to the Special Precautions & Warnings of Neem Seeds, and determine the uses, function, benefit, and effectiveness of Neem Leaf. Neem leaves are well known not only for its medicinal properties but also for taking care of the environment. Investigation revealed the problems of the Histopathological Effect Of Neem Azadirachta (Dogoyora) Leaf On The Stomach …
Can the material for “Automated Data Based for Recharge Cards” be used as a guide for Computer Science Education Project?
Yes it can be used — Recharge card is a type of telephone card that the user can “recharge” “top up” by adding money when the balance get below a nominated amount. The aim of the study is to develop an automated database for recharge card for Emmywill Communication in Ekiti State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to design a system that will: automate the database for recharge card, ensure adequate circulation of finished product, facilitate the services of the company to it customers and control the rate of wasting time in the company. The methodology adopted in this study is the object oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application …
Can the material for “Implementation of Audio Visual Aids in Teaching Social Studies in Senior Secondary Schools” be used as a guide for Social Studies Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to examine the Implementation of Audio Visual Aids in Teaching Social Studies in Senior Secondary School. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to determine the degree of the use of audio visual aids in teaching the Social Studies and examine whether the male and female differences affect the extent of use of the audio visual aids in teaching and learning in Senior Secondary School in Kumbotso Local Government Area. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population …
Can the material for “Science Teachers and Students Attitude and Awareness on Climate Change” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — This research tends to examine Science Teachers and Students’ Attitude and Awareness on Climate Change with reference to three private and three public secondary schools in Ojo-Amuwo Lagos State. The research adopted survey design technique and primary source was use in gathering data with the use of a well-structured questionnaire. A sample of Three Hundred students were selected by the use of stratified sampling technique. Five hypotheses were formulated and tested for the purpose of drawing a conclusion in this research. The data garnered were presented on table and the hypotheses were analysed with the use of ANOVA. The result of the analysese resulted into concluding that there is a significant difference among best subject and students also there is a significant difference among …
Is the topic “Effective Administration of Credit in Co-Operative Credit Enterprise” recommended for Economics Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research is an attempt to bring to light the effectiveness of credit administration in co-operative credit society in various co-operative societies based in Enugu South Local Government Area of Enugu State. This research has five chapters with introduction. It tells about the meaning of co-operative credit society, credit administration, the statement of problem, objectives of study, significance, scope and limitation as well as definition of some co-operative and general terms. Chapter two, took a look a related literature review of authors about credit co-operative and credit administration, its weakness, effect of credit administration and its importance as well as problems associated with it. Chapter three, talked about method use by the research in gathering information i.e the may the research questionnaires was …
Can the material for “The Determinants of Bank Persistence on Internal Control Weakness” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research examines determinants of banks persistence of internal control weakness in Nigeria. The main objective is to examine if there exist a significance relationship between bank internal control environment and control weakness. The secondary source i.e. companies annual reports and accounts were adopted. The study discovered that there is a positive relationship between bank internal control activities and internal control quality. It was concluded that bank control environment is a determinant of the level of internal control quality and that an increase in banks control environment will increase the quality of internal control. The study however recommends amongst others that enough resources should be provided for personnel to carryout effective risk management and internal controls. …
Can the material for “Causes and Effects of Insecurity in Nigeria: the Challenges and Relevance of the Nigerian Police Force as a Panacea” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work seeks to reveal the Causes and effects of insecurity in Nigeria and the challenges and relevance of the Nigerian police force as a panacea. It is on this premise that the study bases its emphasis on the Nigerian police force to appraise and ascertain efforts and limitation encountered in providing adequate security to Nigerians. The subject matter is both timely and pivotal in this era when Nigeria’s image and freedom internationally and locally is deteriorating due to the pervasive insecurity being experienced today. This has bedeviled the Nations march towards socio-economic growth and development. The study however, focuses on the causes and effect of insecurity in Nigeria, factors that have inhibited the Nigerian police force in performing …
Can this topic “Teachers Perception of Difficult Areas in Senior Secondary School Biology Curriculum” be used for Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This study sought to identify teachers’ perceptions of difficult areas in senior secondary school biology curriculum in Lagos state of Nigeria. Based on a review of literature, five research questions guided the study while three hypotheses were equally tested. A survey design was used for the study. A multistage sampling procedure involving simple random sampling techniques by balloting and cluster sampling techniques were adopted to compose the sample of 120 biology teachers in four Education Zones of Lagos State. A Structured Questionnaire Titled Biology Topic Assessment Questionnaire (BTAQ) was used to collect data from the respondents. The data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and one-way ANOVA to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The analysis of the …