TAX AS A MEANS OF INCOME REDISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Tax as a Means of Income Redistribution in Nigeria according to the universal library in volume seven said that income redistribution is the proportion of the national income going to w age earners it shows the individual differences in the accrued income.
Tax enables us to know the taxable income due to us this study is mainly carried out to determine if or not we are over charged or not and to ascertain the effect of taxation as a means of redistribution in Nigeria. It enables the reader to know how, why an when tax came into existence an also what tax is all about.
In chapter I is the introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, significant of the study, scope an limitation of the study, Definition of terms and references. Chapter II shows the overview of the types of tax, agencies responsible for taxation &References. Chapter III is the research metrology, method of data collection, secondary data, method of investigations, location of data an tools of analysis.
Chapter IV is the summary of findings, general benefit of taxation & references. Chapter V, conclusion, recommendation & bibliography.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introductions
As everybody has own aim to acquire income and show how he or she has income over the other, the emergency of tax began to arose as a way whereby some part of the individual, companies and co-operate organization an taxed an little portion refrained to the cost of the stages.
Thus by the process of taxing or cutting some be of income form an individual, companies or co-operate organization, the remaining are t he accused to know how individual is
Although in Nigeria, the origin of tax can be dated back to pre-colonial era. Meanwhile in the period of time tax collection and administration, which usually carried out, by the Emir, chief and their appointed agents. The system at that time was highly functional for that time, it was extremely arbitrary.
By that time, tax collection developed from the northern state of the country and finally proceed to the southern state.
On advert of the British about 1900, the administration of tax was affected through several amending ordinances (non Acts and Decrees), which principally entrusted the responsibility of collection of taxes on local authorities.
Income tax was introduced for the first time in the northern part of Nigeria in 1904 by law Lugard By virtue of an amended ordinance passed in 1918, Income t ax also introduced in some part of western Nigeria. Income tax was not introduced in the Eastern part of the Nigeria until late 1920’s one to the strong resentment to the composition that part of the country.
However what can be regarded as the modern form of income taxation in our country came into existence in 1940 under the direct taxation ordnance No 29 of 1943.
In 1943, by ordinance personal income tax the modern an progressive form and could be saw to have been introduced in Nigeria, ever through the administration and collection of tax was still share between the British and the local authorities.
1.2 Statement Of Problem
Some arrears where tax study may not help to show any changes or where it might be disrupted that is the practice includes areas where there are non-comphance and they include.
- Falsification of finical records
- Failure to file income tax returns
- On reported Income
- Failure to state all benefits in kinds
- Failure to emt sources decisions.
- Claiming improper dedication, tax credit or expenses.
1.3 Objective Of The Study
Since tax was all bout income or revenue greater for the government it becomes obvious and very necessary that tax should be studies for many benefited reasons, which include
- To find out how tax can reduce inequality of income
- To know if consumption of commodities regards as harmful in tax
- To know how tax serves as sources of revenue for government
- To show how tax export promotion strategies
- To find out how tax is used to control inflation
- To find out how tax is used to protect the infant industries
1.4 Research Question
- How can tax reduce Inequality of Income
- How would consumption of commodity be regarded as harmful in tax
- How can tax serves as sources of revenue for government
- How would tax export promotion strategies
- How can tax be used to control inflation
- How can tax be used to protect the infant industries.
1.4 Significance Of The Study
This research project will be of immense benefits to the academic world in the sense that it will stimulate future research.
It will equally be of immense benefit to the federal government of Nigeria on the scene that the activities of taxation in Nigeria
The federal government appreciates it also because they use it to control inflection in an economy.
When there is inflation in the economy government can tax away the excess income in the lands of the society and thereby reduce the aggregate demand which eventually losing the price spiral down in the economy.
They also uses tax in order to stimulate the economy towards growth and development. This could be achieved through tax incentives to investors, tax concessions tax holidays to new firms or investors that could lend to industrialization and development of the economy. This issues of tax helps the federal government to meet up with its social, economic and political obligations eg building schools, hospitals, good roads, protect the populace from internal and external aggression etc. from internal an external aggression etc. Government uses tax instrument to raise revenue.
However, this study would be extended to powers of local government and the federal government on the ways by which they use tax to carry out their job on the distribution in Nigeria.
1.6 Definition Of Terms
Tax being income or revenue collection generates for government, this will be necessary and obvious that t ax should be studied for some reasons like.
1. Progressive Tax
A tax is said to be progressive, if its rate increase as the size of income or stock of wealth which is being taxed the burden of a progressive income tax falls on those with higher incomes. E.G Mr. X earns N20, 000 and pays N2, 000 as tax per anum 10% & Mr. Y earns N80, 000 and pays N16, 00 as tax a year. His rate of tax is 20%. In though is situation, income axis progressive, it increases with the rate of income.
2. Direct Tax
It means a tax borne to paid by a person or whom it is legally imposed. The burden is expected to fall upon the person who actually pays it. That the impact and the incidence of taxation fall on one and the same person e.g. personal income tax, capital gain tax, petroleum profit tax. Etc.
3. Regressive Tax
Tax is said to be regressive it takes a smaller part of income as income increase. That is as income increases the rate of tale decreases. For example. Mr. A earns N10, 000 and Mr. B earns N40, 000 per annum. In a year. Mr. A pays N1, 00 as tax at a rate 10% while Mr. B pays N20 at a rate of 5%. This is a regressive situation.
4. Income Tax
This means a tax on income of a person or company or any organization income.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Tax as a Means of Income Redistribution in Nigeria can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background Of The Study
- 1.2 Statement Of The Problem
- 1.3 Objectives Of The Study
- 1.4 Research Question
- 1.5 Significance Of The Study
- 1.6 Scope An Limitation Of The Study
- 1.7 Definition Of Terms
- Reference
- 2.1 An Overview Of The Types Of Tax
- 2.2 Agencies Responsible For Taxation
- Reference
- 3.1 Research Mythology
- 3.2 Methods Of Data Collection
- 3.3 Secondary Data
- 3.4 Method Of Investigation
- 3.5 Location Of Data
- 3.6 Tools Of Analysis
- 4.1 Summary Of Findings
- 4.2 General Benefits Of Taxation
- 5.1 Conclusion
- 5.2 Recommendation
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Tax as a Means of Income Redistribution in Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background Of The Study
- 1.2 Statement Of The Problem
- 1.3 Objectives Of The Study
- 1.4 Research Question
- 1.5 Significance Of The Study
- 1.6 Scope An Limitation Of The Study
- 1.7 Definition Of Terms
- Reference
- 2.1 An Overview Of The Types Of Tax
- 2.2 Agencies Responsible For Taxation
- Reference
- 3.1 Research Mythology
- 3.2 Methods Of Data Collection
- 3.3 Secondary Data
- 3.4 Method Of Investigation
- 3.5 Location Of Data
- 3.6 Tools Of Analysis
- 4.1 Summary Of Findings
- 4.2 General Benefits Of Taxation
- 5.1 Conclusion
- 5.2 Recommendation
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Tax as a Means of Income Redistribution in Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “The Effect of Motivational Policies and Practice on Sales Force in Nigeria Banking Industry” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — The role in which adequate and equitable motivational policies in the life of sales force in an organization cannot be overemphasized. It leads to increased in sales productivity which will result to growth and progress of the organization in question. This study is an attempt to investigate on motivational compensation policies and practice in the First bank of Nigeria Plc. Nnewi Brach. This topic was extensively overwhelmed with a view to understanding the subject matter. Data was collected from the members of staffs of First Bank of Nigeria Plc Nnewi Branch using questionnaire. The collected data was duly presented and analyzed using Chi-square method analysis and result showed that compensation policies and practices thereby are very important in managing an organization. …
Can the material for “Federalism and Crises Management” be used as a guide for Political Science Project?
Yes it can be used — The study investigates the effects of Boko Haram on Nigeria federalism and also how well Nigeria has been able to manage its crises. Boko Haram in Nigeria has been a regular feature in Nigeria, it’s existence can be traced to the mid 1990s. This phenomenon has attracted a great deal of comments across the world. Commission of inquiry had on many occasions been set up to look into the cause of Boko Haram menace and making recommendations without in fact looking into the underlying factors of these regular crises. This study therefore, is an attempt to look into the underlying factors that provoke the uprising of Boko-Haram and its effects on federalism. The study is based on the assumption that Boko Haram …
Can the material for “AI Bartender Cocktail Maker Machine” be used as a guide for Mechatronics Engineering Project?
Yes it can be used — The AI cocktail maker machine allows for easy to use touchless cocktail making. The system consists of a pre-fed menu with a number of cocktail drinks; each drink mix combination is already fed into the system. The aim of the study is to design and construct a Bartender Cocktail Maker Machine. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to construct a system that will: serve cocktail according to the brand/drink selection, provide accurate bill for request cocktail drink, and describe and test relationships and examine cause and effect interactions among machine variables. Investigation reveals the manual process during Bartending of Cocktail, which is stressful. Bartenders work in a highly visible, pressure-packed environment. They must simultaneously meet …
Is the topic “Psychological Factors Affecting Students Academic Achievement in Biology” recommended for Biology Education Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The study was carried out to identify the Psychological Factors Affecting Students Academic Achievement in Biology using Some Selected Secondary Schools in Ughelli, Delta State as a case study. Investigation revealed that a large portion of biology students consistently perform poorly, making it difficult for them to obtain the grades necessary to advance to a higher education institution. It is impossible to overstate biology's significance for a country's economic development given its numerous subfields and wide range of applications in all spheres of human endeavor. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 250 students in senor secondary schools were selected randomly for …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized Restaurant Management Information System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Computerized restaurant management information system is database program that keeps record of all transaction carried out in the restaurant on daily bases. The aim of the study is to design and implement a computerized restaurant management information system. In achieving this aim, the following objectives were laid out as follows: determine how computerized management information system has facilitated increase productivity, decrease paperwork, and ability to analyze trouble spots, determine how the system will increase the level of services quality and customer satisfaction, determine how the system can lead organization towards better decision making and building a competitive advantage over its competitors, and determine how computerized management information system will improve the operating efficiencies, provide restaurant and support center management with …
Can this topic “Agricultural Development Drivers and Economic Growth of Nigeria (1970-2015)” be used for Economics Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — In recent decades, the main and potential contribution of agriculture to economic growth has been a subject of much controversy among development economists. As some contend that agricultural development is a pre-condition for industrialization, others strongly object it and argue for a different path. This study tries to look at the drivers of Agricultural development and its economic effect in Nigeria from 1970-2015 which will enable us proffer solution to Agricultural development in the economy since it is an important component of any economic growth of any country. Taking advantage of ordinary least square method (OLS), the research carried out by means of secondary data and using the independent variables, Improved Agricultural Inputs (IAI), Real Exchange Rate (REXR), Real Interest …
Can this topic “Internet and Education” be used for Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This study was carried out in three senior secondary schools randomly selected from Orile Agege and Ifako Ijaiye Local Community Development Areas of Lagos State. The study is to highlight the comprehensive data analysis of the effect of internet on the education of some secondary It school students. A total of 90 students and 10 teachers/instructors were interviewed in three schools through questionnaire and one-on-one interviews. The study has been able to find out how the students arc acquainted with knowledge from the most innovative technological advancement − the internet. Also the study has been able to determine the students access to both the mobile phone and computer system which are their link to the internet and how often and effective they …
Can the material for “Antibacterial Activity of sage leaf and antibiotics against typhoidal salmonella species” be used as a guide for Microbiology Project?
Yes it can be used — Salvia officinalis L. from the family Lamiaceae, is a worldwide cultivated aromatic herb that is endemic. Investigation reveals the following problems of the synergistic activity of salvia officinalis (sage leaf) and antibiotics against typhoidal salmonella species research work; improper evaluate of the synergistic activities of S. officinalis against typhoidal salmonella species, lack of proper information relating to the estimation of the total phenol content (TPC) and flavonoid content (FC) of S. Officinalis (Sage Leaf), and Improper investigation of the gas chromatography (GC) analysis conditions and disc diffusion method used during synergistic activities. The aim of the Study is to investigate the synergistic activity of salvia officinalis (sage leaf) and antibiotics against typhoidal salmonella species; In achieving this aim, the following …
Can the material for “Impact of Unemployment Among Graduate in Nigeria and Its Economic Effect” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was conducted to examine the Impact and Economic Effect of Unemployment among Graduate in Nigeria. The issue of graduate unemployment in Nigeria has become a matter of urgent attention, as unemployed graduates tend to be more anxious, depressed and unhappy with their attendant sleeplessness than those with jobs. This situation has not only posed a great challenge to Nigeria’s economy but also retarded the economic growth and development of the country. This issue has become a phenomenal topic of discourse across professional gatherings in media and commentary reviews, employer surveys, national economic debates, social networks and employee forums. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for …
Can the material for “A Stylistic Analysis of Some Selected Poems of Wole Soyinka” be used as a guide for English Language Project?
Yes it can be used — Language and style never moves beyond a concentration on the supremacy of words. These words somehow contain meanings style is effectively language manipulated in ways that signal it as different from ‘ordinary’ language. A stylistic analysis of the selection of some Wole Soyinka’s poems is carried out to educate, explicate and expose to everybody that comes across this write up, in guiding them on how to analyze. The data used to illustrate and substantiate our claims are systematically sourced from some selected poems of Wole Soyinka. The lexico-syntactic patterns and choices, the phonological, morphological and graphological devices are the main stylistic elements used to prove our claims. Finally, we find that each of the elements however, has identifiable functions which …