ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF GARLIC AND GINGER EXTRACTS
ABSTRACT
The study evaluates the Antimicrobial Activities of Garlic and Ginger Extracts. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to assess the antimicrobial effect of garlic against standard isolates of S. aureus and E. coli and determine the yield potential of solvents of garlic and ginger extracts, measuring of degree of sensitivity of staphylococcus aureus to garlic and ginger extracts respectively and examine the mixture of Garlic and ginger extracts. Garlic (Alliums Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is hardy perennial of Asiatic origin, belonging to the plant family liliaceae. They are grown in northern Nigeria as medicine for both human and animals. They are primarily used for seasoning and also for its medicinal property. Anti-microbial activities of garlic and ginger were carried out using the following microorganisms: staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes. The media used in culturing them was blood agar. When the organism was at exponential phase of growth, extracts of ginger and garlic were made using decoction method. The extracts was placed according to the two demarcated division made on the plates. And was allowed for 24hrs of incubation, then after that, observation was made from the plates. From the observation, it was discovered that both microorganism were sensitive, but their degree of sensitivity of staphylococcus aureus is slightly more than that of streptococcus pyogenes after sub culturing. Conclusively, we encourage or advise people seriously to go more in adding this species in of their meal. This is because; they contain so many active ingredients, which resist the activities of microorganism.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a medicinal plant mainly used as condiments and for stopping in different cooking (Nabeel, 2014). The use of higher plants and their extracts to treat infections is an ancient practice in traditional medicine. Many plants have been used because of their antimicrobial treats, which are chiefly synthesis during secondary metabolism of the plants. The herbal medicine may be in the form of powders, liquid or mixtures which may be row or boiled, ointments linings and incision (Jehan et al., 2011). Traditional medicine is the sum total of knowledge skills and practices based on theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultural that are used to maintain health, as well as to prevent, diagnose, improve or matters. This plant is multiplied by vegetative reproduction rather than by sexual reproduction (seed). Individual garlic cloves are planted and they each produce a bulb in which the cloves all have the same genetic makeup as the original clove (Paul, 2010).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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