ANTIDIABETIC EFFICACY OF (VERNONIA AMYGDALINE) BITTER LEAF PLANT EXTRACTS ON DIABETIC ALBINO RATS
ABSTRACT
The study evaluated the efficacies of the ethanolic extracts of the leaf, stem — bark and root of Vernonia amydalina plant on alloxan — induced diabetic allano rats. Twenty (20) albino rats were divided equally into four groups comprising of five (5) animals in each group. Group A was treated with leaf extract, group B was treated with stem — bark extract, group C was treated with root extract.
The effect of aqueous leaf extract of vernonia amygdalina on blood glucose of alloxan induced diabetic albino rats was evaluated. Animals received daily oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina for 14 days. The effect of 200mg/kg dose was studied during the treatment period.
There was a significant reduction in blood glucose concentration (p Based on these results, it was suggested that aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina has hypoglycemic effect. Further researches are therefore needed to identify all the hypoglycemic inducing compounds in Vernonia amygdalina.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
The use of indigenous plants in the management of diseases has been a common practice over the years. Few of the plants have received adequate scientific scrutiny. The study and understanding of ethno — botanical information, chemical constituents of plants and therapeutic application of the plant drug will help in understanding efficiency of the plant as a potent remedy; extend our knowledge of their pharmacological activity, active principles, dosage and administration (Unger et al., 2008).
Diabetes mellitus has been defined by the world health organization (WHO), on the basis of laboratory findings as a fasting venous plasma glucose concentration greater than 7.8 mmol/l (140mg/dl) or greater than 11.1 mmol/l (200mg/dl) two hours after a carbohydrate meal or two hours after an oral ingestion of the equivalent of 75g glucose, even if the fasting concentration is normal (Nwanjo and Nwokoro, 2004).
It is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia and glycosuria due to absolute or relative lack of insulin (Ononogbu, 1996).Medicinal plants have formed the basis of health care throughout the world since the earliest days of humanity and are still widely used and have considerable importance in international trade (Unger et al., 2008). In certain African countries for instance, up to 90% of the population still relies exclusively on plants as a source of medicines (hostettmann et al., 2000). As a consequences, the World Health Organization (WHO) had in one of its charters in Geneva recommended further investigation into this area, particularly, as it concerns chronic and debilitating disease such as diabetes mellitus (WHO, 1980).
A complex disease like diabetes mellitus, where little is talked about in aspects of prevention and curation, but rather management, there is an increased focus on plants in the search for appropriate hypoglycaemic / antihyperglycaemic agents (Ebong et al, 2008). Firstly, because of leads provided by traditional medicine to natural products that may be better treatments than currently used conventional drugs (Nwanjo et al., 2004). Secondly the plants by secondary metabolic means contain a variety of herbal and non-herbal ingredients that are thought to act on a variety of targets by various modes and mechanisms (Tiwari and Rao, 2002) given the multi-factorial pathogen city of the disorders.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Medicinal Plants
- 1.2 Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter Leaf)
- 1.3 Research On Extracts and Chemical Constituents
- 1.4 Local Uses of Bitter Leaf
- Literature Review
- 2.0 Diabetes
- 2.1 Types of Diabetes
- 2.2 Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes
- 2.3 Diabetic Emergencies
- 2.4 Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Diabetes
- 2.5 Nutritional Management of Diabetes
- 3.0 Material and Methods
- 3.1 Methodology
- 3.2 Collection and Preparation of Plant Extracts
- 3.3 Experimental Animals
- 3.4 Induction of Experimental Diabetes
- 3.5 Experimental Design
- 3.6 Collection of Sample Analysis
- 4.0 Result and Discussion
- 4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.2 Discussion
- 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations
- 5.1 Recommendations
- 5.2 Conclusion
REFERENCES
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The displayed research work titled "Antidiabetic Efficacy of (Vernonia Amygdaline) Bitter Leaf Plant Extracts on Diabetic Albino Rats" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Medicinal Plants
- 1.2 Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter Leaf)
- 1.3 Research On Extracts and Chemical Constituents
- 1.4 Local Uses of Bitter Leaf
- Literature Review
- 2.0 Diabetes
- 2.1 Types of Diabetes
- 2.2 Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes
- 2.3 Diabetic Emergencies
- 2.4 Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Diabetes
- 2.5 Nutritional Management of Diabetes
- 3.0 Material and Methods
- 3.1 Methodology
- 3.2 Collection and Preparation of Plant Extracts
- 3.3 Experimental Animals
- 3.4 Induction of Experimental Diabetes
- 3.5 Experimental Design
- 3.6 Collection of Sample Analysis
- 4.0 Result and Discussion
- 4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.2 Discussion
- 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations
- 5.1 Recommendations
- 5.2 Conclusion
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Antidiabetic Efficacy of (Vernonia Amygdaline) Bitter Leaf Plant Extracts on Diabetic Albino Rats" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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