THE USE OF STRAW GRASS AS A REINFORCING MATERIAL FOR RING CULVERT
ABSTRACT
A culvert is a structure that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or similar obstruction from one side to the other side. The aim of the study is to examine The Use of Straw Grass as a Reinforcing Material for Ring Culvert. In achieving this aim the following specific objectives were laid out to deliver extensive investigations to find out the structural and hydrological causes that lead to failures on pipe culverts, and assess The Use of Straw Grass as a Reinforcing Material for Ring Culvert. Failure on water crossing structures definitely results in road damages and almost closure. This failure has direct effect and economic burden to road users and isolates the surrounding communities. Failures of roads in oil fields interrupt operations of oil industry companies and stop/delay the accessibility to their facilities such as drilling rigs, well sites, CPF, FPF and other facilities. In rural areas damages of roads isolate the inhabitants of the surrounding villages and influence emergency services from reaching people in need of help. Also it affects the local business income on roads route as a result of roads closure. This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
A culvert is a structure that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or similar obstruction from one side to the other side. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced Culvert or other material. Culverts constructed in Baleela oil field are two types, corrugated steel pipes installed during the period from 2001 to 2019, and Culvert box culverts constructed after 2014.
Culverts in general are used both as cross-drains to relieve drainage of ditches at the roadside and to pass water under a road at natural drainage and stream crossings. A culvert may be a bridge-like structure designed to allow vehicles or pedestrian traffic to cross over the waterway while allowing adequate passage for the water.
Gravel roads in rural areas are necessary for transportation purposes. As these roads pass over lots of water streams in rural areas, crossing structures such as steel corrugated pipe culvert, Culvert culvert and bridges are needed. The community's development depends on effective road networks and safe crossings. Because of their improper design and poor construction, many water stream structures likely sustain failures and damages from water runoff and large storms (Levine et al., 2013).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
The Use of Straw Grass as a Reinforcing Material for Ring Culvert can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Use of Straw Grass as a Reinforcing Material for Ring Culvert" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Awareness and Acceptance of Immunization Programs by Mothers of Children Within the Ages of 0 to 5 Years” be used as a guide for Midwifery Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to examine the Awareness and Acceptance of Immunization Programs by Mothers of Children within the Ages of 0 to 5 Years using Okada Community in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the knowledge and attitude of mothers towards immunization against childhood killer diseases and determine whether the mother’s educational level influences the practice and acceptance of immunization against childhood killer diseases. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used …
Can this topic “Financial Distress in Source Commercial Bank Reasoned, Consequences and Solution” be used for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — A descriptive study was made about financial distress in some commercial banks using secondary statistics. This research work designed to describe the financial distress in some Commercial Bank in Nigeria. The study also took at the follow objective such as; nature and types of financial distress facing source commercial banks, the banks involved. It was also discovered that distress is caused is a result of poor management, insolvency, low asset base inadequacy of capital e.t.c. Therefore, commendation such as: Inadequate, Funding, Increased assets base, provisions for adequate liquidity. Also such research should be done to other non-financial banking institution and other West African Country. -- Proposal The basic objective situation under this study was the valuation of financial distress in some commercial banks reasons, issues the consequences …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of an Online Vehicle Registration” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Today, computer has been discovered as a very efficient instrument which ahs played a very significant role in adequate management of information. Beside, it has played more roles in government services and operation especially in all traffic matters in the country. However, computerization has helped in many areas of life and due to indispensability of motor vehicle registration as it concerns the government and vehicle owners, the thought of computerization of this operation become of great important in orders to wipe out the manual data processing system from which many problem have emanated. The problems which have engulfed the objective of motor vehicles registration and extensively discussed in this project together with the new method which was innovated. This work is conducted towards …
Can this topic “Methods of Teaching Oral English in Junior Secondary Schools in Nigeria” be used for English Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Oral language is the system through which we use spoken words to express knowledge, ideas, and feelings. The study was carried out to examine the Methods of Teaching Oral English in Junior Secondary Schools. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to find out the extent to which teachers’ incompetency has influence the proper use of language laboratory and if there are language laboratories available for effective teaching and learning of oral English in junior secondary schools. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population …
Is the topic “Investigation Into the Adoption of Knowledge Management (KM) in the Nigerian Industry Construction Industry” recommended for Quantity Surveying (QS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The study was carried out to investigate the Adoption of knowledge management in the Nigeria construction industry. The research examined the area of the construction industry that will improve as a result of the contribution of knowledge management. Data for the analysis were collected through questionnaire Administration on construction professionals. 60questionnaires where administered, 50 were retrieved and analysed using simple percentile and relative Important index. The study revealed that the knowledge management adoption is being hindered the most in Nigeria by some major barriers which include funding with relative important index of 0.83, lack of cooperation among professionals with relative important index of 0.81, difficulty in generalizing and sharing knowledge with relative important index of 0.81 and the least barrier being …
Is the topic “Microbial Evaluation of Raw Milk From a Dairy Farm” recommended for Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The study was carried out to evaluate the microorganism of raw milk from a dairy farm. In achieving this aim, the specific objectives were laid out to identify micro-organisms that contaminate raw milk and investigate the relationship between age and effects of drinking contaminated raw milk. Microbial evaluation of twenty samples of raw milk from a dairy farm (Emene Fulani cattle farm Enugu State) was carried out using five method: direct microscopic count nutrient agar count, Blood agar count, MacConkey agar count (Coliforms only) and Acid fast bacilli staining was done to assay for the presence of the Tubercle bacillus. The bacterial was were as follows: direct microscopic counts ranged from 9.0x 105 to 9.5 x 107 counts on Nutrient …
Can this topic “Creche Online Payment and Registration System” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The aim of the study is to develop an online payment and registration system for crèche students that will serve as a more efficient alternative to the current crèche student payment and registration process. The motivation of the study is the need to increase the efficiency of attending to registrants in order to reduce the time, cost and stress associated with the current process. In analyzing the existing system, the following problems were identified; The current system requires that students must form long queues at all times before they are attended to, the current system keeps the screening officer under constant pressure and this could lead to mistakes, much time is taken to attend to a single student during the …
Can this topic “Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Associated with Hawk Suya - Meat” be used for Microbiology Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This project work is carried at the isolation and characterization of pathogenic bacteria from hawked suya meat, were bought in full from the sellers and was collected in raps of aluminum foil. It was then taken to the laboratory for analysis the samples were homogenized and serial dilution of the sample was made out using 5 ml sterile pipette and test tubes. The dilution were then cultured on different media, macconkey agar, nutrient agar and blood agar end later incubated at 370c for 24 hours. Discrete bacteria colonies were observed and each colomy was gram stained and examined microscopically. Biochemical test were carried out to confirm the particular bacteria present. Bactering isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus, lactobacillus, streptococcus and Escherichia coli. …
Can this topic “Assessment of the Reinsurance Business in Developing Countries” be used for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — There are contrasting views about the impact of cross border reinsurance business in developing countries. In the literature, some argue that cross border reinsurance plays a critical role in strengthening risk absorbance, solvency, know-how, and in availing foreign capital for the insurance industry of developing countries. Some of the literature underpin cross border reinsurance as indispensable in availing foreign capital for the insurance industry in the aforesaid countries. Others claim that excessive dependency on cross border reinsurance not only negatively affects foreign currency holdings of a given country, but, also has an adverse effect on the contribution of the industry to the economy of a nation. The Ethiopian insurance industry is entirely dependent on cross border reinsurance business. Despite the …
Is the topic “Design and Implementation of Campus Online Help Desk Information System” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Campus online help desk is a web based system that ensures all issues are ticketed and monitored such that tickets are never left unattended, forgotten, or lost. The campus online help desk has a Human Resource System with a single purpose of maintaining sensitive information that is required for a few key employees outside of HR. The aim of the study is to design and implement a Campus Online Help Desk Information System using Federal Cooperative College as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will maintain an efficient system of collection, sorting and delivery of Student-customers’ information and Replace the manual method of documenting …