THE IMPEDIMENT OF REVENUE GENERATION
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) is the revenue that the local government generates within the area of its jurisdiction. The primary source of local government sustenance is from Federal Allocation. It is the livewire of a local government. The extent to which a local government can go in accomplishing its goal will largely depend on its IGR strength. The capacity of local government to generate revenue internally is one very crucial consideration for the creation of a local council. But various studies as Akindele and Obiyan,(2002), Ekpo and Ndebbio(1998), have shown that local governments in Nigeria depend solely on statutory allocations from the federal government. In recent times though, there have been dwindling pattern in the federal allocation because most of the federal government revenue is from petroleum proceeds. There is less demand for petroleum in the world as other developed nations of the world are shifting away from petroleum as source of energy to other sources such as gas, solar energy e.t.c. Then the onus lies on the local government to work on their internal revenue efforts to be able to accomplish its goals in the local community. Local governments now face more challenges in terms of struggling to be less dependent on the Federal and the state governments for financial resources. Though, the revenue allocation system mandates that a certain fraction of the Federation Account be allocated to local governments, these funds are not enough to meet expenditure requirements. This is because the size of the account is related to revenue from oil which is subject to fluctuations and the expenditures of local government far exceed available resources. The problem of lack of fiscal transparency as a result of mismanagement of funds, corruption, poor internal control and lackadaisical attitude to government work and property still abounds.
The question that comes to mind is that
- If the statutory allocation is not forthcoming, if oil is de-emphasized in the economy what would be the lot of local governments?
- How are they to survive if this should occur?
1.1 Background Of The Study
Orewa (1986:180), in his book titled “Local Government Finance in Nigeria”, described and discussed various sources of revenue open to local governments and problems in the collection and management of their finance. Such problems are-shortage of trained manpower, ignorance of the councilors over their duties and non-commitment to duty on the part of the staff and councilors alike. Adediji (1979:87) , blames poor internal revenue generation of local government on the following reasons
- Lack of proper structure
- Low quality of staff and
- Lack of mission and comprehensive functional role.
According to him, these problems lead the local government into vicious circle of poverty. This is due to the fact that inadequate funding results in employment of low skilled and poorly paid staff. Bello- Iman (1990:134), in the same vein states that “ the major constraint to internal revenue generation in local government is the shortage of well trained and qualified personnel which supposed to serve as tool for collection of taxes and rates at the local level”. According to him, even the few available are not properly trained in efficient budgetary and financial Management systems. Also most of the local governments are short-staffed to carry out their duties”. R.A (1959:89), noted that “poor auditing has contributed immensely to problem of internal revenue generation of local governments”. According to him, “local governments should have a means of ascertaining whether it’s financial operation is properly conducted, this can only be done through audit”. Therefore the research seeks to investigate the impediment of revenue generation in Eket local government.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
The local government is the third tier of government which largely depend on the federal and state government for subventions and allocations for the administration and development of the local communities. However it is expected that local government generate internal revenue to augment the revenue received from the state and federal government especially in the face of the dwindling and lean federal and state government revenue. For there to be a local government, it must be ready and be seen to be able to meet its obligations through internal sources. However this is far from what is obtained in practice hence the gross dependence on statutory allocations from the federation account. Then the onus lies on the local government to work on their internal revenue. Adediji (1979:87), blames poor internal revenue generation of local government on the following reasons; Lack of proper structure; Low quality of staff and Lack of mission and comprehensive functional role. According to him, these problems lead the local government into vicious circle of poverty. This is due to the fact that inadequate funding results in employment of low skilled and poorly paid staff. Therefore the problem confronting this research is to investigate the impediment of revenue generation in Eket local government.
1.3 Objective Of The Study
- To determine the nature of Revenue generation in local government Areas
- To determine the impediments to Revenue generation in the local government areas
- To determine the impediments of Revenue generation in Eket local government Area
1.4 Research Questions
- What is the nature of Revenue generation in the local Government Area?
- What is the nature of impediments of Revenue generation in the local Government Area?
- What is the nature of the impediments of Revenue Generation in Eket local government Area?
1.5 Significance Of The Study
The study shall proffer a structural appraisal of the nature of Revenue generation in the local government Area.
It shall analyze the nature of the impediment of Revenue generation in the local government Area
The study shall provide significant information on issues of Revenue generation and its impediments in the local government Area.
1.6 Statement Of Hypothesis
- Ho Revenue generation in Eket is low
Hi Revenue generation in Eket is high - Ho The impediments to revenue generation in Eket is low
Hi The impediments to Revenue generation in Eket is high - Ho The effect of the impediments on revenue in Eket is low
Hi The effect of the impediment on revenue in Eket is high
1.7 Scope Of The Study
The study is focused on the appraisal of the impediment of revenue generation in Eket local government.
1.8 Definition Of Terms
Internal Generated Revenue.
Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) is the revenue that the local government generates within the area of its jurisdiction. The primary source of local government sustenance is from Federal Allocation. It is the livewire of a local government. The extent to which a local government can go in accomplishing its goal will largely depend on its IGR strength. The capacity of local government to generate revenue internally is one very crucial consideration for the creation of a local council.
Financial Autonomy Defined
Financial Autonomy is literally defined as to be self-governing in matters of money. It is a right or the power to engage in certain actions without externally imposed restraints and interference.
Revenue Generation
Revenue generation entails generating and exploring all the sources of revenue for the local councils. Internally revenue generating sources as we have mentioned earlier are those sources by which the local government raise revenue constitutionally aside from the statutory allocation and government grants to local governments. The extent to which these revenue sources can yield to the benefit of the local government council depends on the ability and vibrancy of the local government leadership
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
The Impediment of Revenue Generation can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Impediment of Revenue Generation" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Impediment of Revenue Generation" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Pharmacy Management System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — This project is insight into the design and implementation of a Pharmacy Management System. The primary aim of is to improve accuracy and enhance safety and efficiency in the pharmaceutical store. Today management is one of the most essential features of all form. Management provides sophistication to perform any kind of task in a particular form. This is pharmacy management system; it is used to manage most pharmacy related activities in the pharmacy. …
Can this topic “The Impact of Micro-Finance on Small Scale Business in Nigeria” be used for Finance Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This study examines the performance of Micro finance Institutions (MFIS) in Lagos State, based on the development of small and medium Scale Industry. The findings indicate that the operations of MFIs have grown phenomenally in the last three years, driven largely by expanding informal sector activities, the conversion of the community banks to micro finance banks and the reluctance of banks to fund the emerging micro enterprises. The study also reveals the sub-sector faces a number of challenges, which have been addressed in this project. They include the urgent need to ‘approved and implement a policy framework that would regulate and standardize the MFI· operations; -accessing medium to long term sustainable commercial sources of funds, such as SMIEIES. Commercial banks …
Can this topic “Privatisation of Public Enterprises in Nigeria and Its Implications on Trade Union Organization and Administration” be used for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Privatization and commercialization of hitherto public enterprises have been increasingly used as a cosmetic solution to the fundamental political/economic problems arising from under capacity utilization and public disdain of state-owned enterprises. However, privatization of public enterprises as one of the economic devices has been used by different governments and countries all over the world as an antidote to their ailing economics. Privatization could be partial or full whichever the case, the effect of privatization of public enterprises on workers is always negative especially in the short run. Nigerian Telecommunication Limited (NITEL) the nation’s former sole provider of telecommunication services was not left out among those public enterprises that have been fully privatized. …
Can the material for “Impediments to the Acquisition of Computer Education by Secondary School Students” be used as a guide for Computer Education Project?
Yes it can be used — The study employed a survey designed. A sample of 800 students which were randomly selected served us the study sample. Data were collected using the questionnaire. Mean and standard derivation were used to analyze the data. It was found out that lack of interest and inadequate personnel and facilities were serious impediments to acquisition of computer education. Finally, recommendations were made that enough trained personnel should be recruited and posted to schools to teach computer studies. …
Can the material for “Problem of Personal Income Tax Collection in Anambra State” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — This study examined the factors militating against tax collection in Anambra state that lead to the fall of revenue in the state. This study also highlights the problems encountered by the staff of Board of internal Revenue − ie the organ entrusted by the government for collection of various taxes in the state. The sampling technique used for the research were simple data collection and analysis to locate the trend or behaviour of the trend or behavious of the data. Also employed were statistical tools for testing the hypothesis and chi square. In employing the chi-square techniques, the hypothesis to be tested will be stated as a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis. The instrument to research for the information oral interviews …
Can the material for “Conflict Management and Organizational Development” be used as a guide for Industrial Relations and Personnel Management (IRPM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work aimed at examining instructional materials used for effective teaching and learning of Economics in Senior Secondary Schools. The problem observed in the research work was that, there should be provision for the maintenance of the instructional materials and there should be adequate information to teachers on the availability of ready made Instructional materials. For the purpose of providing theoretical framework and background for the study, the researcher reviewed various literature such as books, magazines, journals and unpublished past projects which directly relate to the research work. Furthermore, a structured questionnaire was deigned to collect data based on the review. The questionnaire was divided into two sections (Aand B) section A dealt with biographical data of the respondents while section B …
Is the topic “A Study of the Political Poetry of Ex-Stuffy” recommended for Linguistics and Communication Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research investigates and analyzes the political poetry of Ex-Stuffy ( Fater, Kaha aka Awambe a Tiv) whose poetic talent seems to have eluded the attention of other literary scholars. The work is carried out with specific objectives which are to draw attention to the songs of Ex-Stuffy (Awambe a Tiv), to preserve the poet’s work for posterity, to highlight the moral value of the songs as well as to encourage interested scholars to give attention to other Tiv poets especially political singers that have never received attention so as to promote and preserve the Tiv culture. It looks at thematic preoccupations of the poet, the recurrent motifs and the dexterity with which he uses figures of speech and other …
Can this topic “The Role of Monetary Policy in the Management of Inflation in Nigeria” be used for Economics Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Monetary policy consists of discretionary measures designed by monetary authorities to regulate and influence the supply, cost and direction of money and credit provided to the economy. This aspect of macroeconomic policy remains one of the cornerstones of economic policy formulation and implementation. Monetary policy is relevant irrespective of the economic framework in place. With the adoption of the inflation, this study examine the impact of monetary policy in Nigeria using econometric techniques, a model that captures the impact of inflation on monetary policy is specified and estimated using the techniques of Ordinary Least Square for the period of 1985-2008. The main findings emerging in this study indicated that the demand for money has an inverse relationship between the level of interest …
Can this topic “Impact of School Library on Achievement and Learning in Primary Schools” be used for Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The research work examined impact of school library services on achievement and learning in primary school in the Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State. It was revealed that library services in schools has helped pupils immensely on the upliftment of their cognitive domain. Therefore, both the government and the private sector should build more libraries for schools at various levels, stock. It with adequate materials such as book etc. in order to facilitate effectiveness in teaching and learning in primary schools. …
Can this topic “Determination of Enzymes Presence in Starch Processing From Maize” be used for Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The study was carried out to determine the enzymes presence in starch processing from maize. The Anatomy of this research work encompasses the ordinary look of enzymes as organic molecules, rather it sheds more light into the comprehensive view and determination of the catalytic and specific activity enzymes particularly - DIASTASE, MALTASE and ZYMASE can exploit in industrial application, also critically important is the selective ways of providing fundamental data which allows the society-particularly small-scale brewers to understand and exploit the chemistry of fermentation by enzymes. The method employed in this project involves three processes namely: the preparation of the enzymes by fermentation, preparation of the starch substrate from maize and the overall process development involving both the products of …