
THE EXTENT USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF CHEMISTRY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
Chemistry is an exact and a core science subject in Nigerian secondary schools. Its teaching often requires creativity and improvisation. The study was carried out to examine The Extent Use of Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Senior Secondary School. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to find out the influence of instructional materials on academic performance of senior secondary school students in chemistry, examine the relationship between instructional materials and student academic performance in chemistry, and examine the impact of instructional materials in teaching and learning of chemistry in secondary school. Investigation revealed that the failure of educational system to provide adequate and appropriate teaching-learning aids in order to improve academic performance of students is of a great concern to government, educational institutions and other concern citizens. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 150 (one hundred and fifty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested using the one-way ANOVA and the t-test statistical tools at zero point zero five (0.05) level of significance. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet were employed. The data were presented on a frequency distribution table and analyzed using simple percentage, while hypothesis was tested using chi-square test. The study will inculcate in teachers the habits of using instructional materials appropriately in teaching learning process to arouse interest and determination among students.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Chemistry is an exact and a core science subject in Nigerian secondary schools. Its teaching often requires creativity and improvisation. To make chemistry concepts comprehensible to students, chemistry teachers must employ creative teaching methods and be prepared to respond to queries and explain concepts in an atypical manner (Nbina, 2012). The author further pointed out that the widespread poor performance and the negative attitude towards chemistry from secondary school students have largely been ascribed to lack of proper teaching methods. Teachers who adapt appropriate improvisation materials in teaching chemistry will likely be more successful in imparting chemistry knowledge to the novice chemists in their classes.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Effective teaching and learning is done with instructional materials; Nachias (2000), Owo (2009) and Nwagbo and Ugwuanyi (2015) observed that innovative pedagogical practices using technology and improvisation enhance teachers effectiveness chemistry concepts cannot be fully achieved without the use of instructional materials. The teaching of chemistry without instructional materials will certainly result to poor performance in the course. Basssey (2002) described instructional materials media as system component that may be used as part of instructional process which are used to disseminate informative message and ideas or which make possible communication in the teaching-learning process. Experience over the years has shown that teachers have been depending on excessive use of words to express, convey ideas or facts in the teaching-learning process. This process is termed the ‘chalk-talk’ method. Today advances in technology have made it possible to produce materials and devices that could be used to minimize the teachers’ talking and at the same time, make the message clearer, more interesting and easier for the learner to assimilate (Onasanya, et al. (2008).According to Soetan et al. (2010), graphics including charts, posters, sketches, cartoons, graphs and drawings. Graphics communicate facts and ideas clearly through combination of drawings, words and pictures. The use of graphics in teaching creates definitiveness to the materials being studied. They help to visualize the whole concepts learned and their relationships with one another. Hands-on instructional materials show, rather than tell, which increase information retention. A truism often heard in teaching is that if you have not learnt, I have not taught. A reasonable conclusion then is that the importance of instructional materials in teaching and learning science is most efficient illustrated through student achievement result. The Biological Science Curriculum Study (BSCS) (2011) asserts that students come to the science classroom with many misconceptions to correct for proper scientific learning to progress. Schools should base instructional material on fundamental scientific concepts and principles, which help to align students understanding with current knowledge and teach them to monitor and control their own thoughts process to facilitate learning. When science is integrated with other inter-disciplinary courses, the teacher should give careful attention to designing ”a logical and coherent structure” for ensuring that they clearly communicate and ensure contextual understanding of embedded scientific concepts, as recommended by the Long Beach Unified School District (LBUSD) (2010).The LBUSD recommends the use hand-on science activities. The BSCS advocates group work and inquiry based activities. Such explorations encourage students to engage in science, which promote problem-solving thoughts patterns and correct students’ mistaken notion of science and the world. Teachers who take time to provide instructional materials and option that take into consideration or account the different ways students receive and express knowledge are more likely to see their students’ success. Science classroom should provide a variety of audio, visual and print input methods depending on students need, allow students the flexibility to communicate their true learning.
Samba and Eriba (2011) see improvisation as the act of using alternative materials and resources to facilitate instructions whenever there is lack or shortage of specific first hand teaching aids. The authors see improvisation as the choice of the best instructional material which enables the teacher to achieve some carefully specified educational objectives. Stiggins (2008) added that there are various methods used to increase class participation and performance among students. The researchers hope that improvisation of instructional teaching materials could be one of them. Recent models of teaching and learning view learning as a social activity in which children construct knowledge with the teacher and other children (Kerry, 2002).
Therefore, in Delta State where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Extent Use of Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Senior Secondary School.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that the transmission of facts, ideas and information from the teacher to the students in a systematic order or procedure is referred to as teaching. During this process instructional material otherwise known as teaching aids meant to make instruction more meaningful, clear and much more interesting to students are brought in display. There is a general impression that science education is not achieving the desired objectives especially with high incidence of students’ poor performance in chemistry and other science subjects at senior secondary certificate examination. This situation has assumed a precarious dimension in all secondary schools in Cross River State and particularly in Yakurr Local Government Area.
The failure of educational system to provide adequate and appropriate teaching-learning aids in order to improve academic performance of students is of a great concern to government, educational institutions and other concern citizens. It is believed that if adequate instructional materials are made available to school and are used appropriately in teaching-learning process, a better performance could be achieved. Hence, the motivation of this study seeks to find out the Extent Use of Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Senior Secondary School.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to examine the Extent Use of Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Senior Secondary School. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to:
- Examine the relationship between instructional materials and student academic performance in chemistry;
- Examine the impact of instructional materials in teaching and learning of chemistry in secondary school; and
- Find out the influence of instructional materials on academic performance of senior secondary school students in chemistry.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- Does an instructional material influence instructional materials on academic performance of senior secondary school students in chemistry?
- Is there any relationship between instructional materials and student academic performance in chemistry?
- What is the impact of instructional materials in teaching and learning of chemistry in secondary school?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H0: There is no statistical significant relationship between the academic performance of chemistry students and the use of instructional materials in Teaching-learning
- H1: There is a statistical significant relationship between the academic performance of chemistry students and the use of instructional materials in Teaching-learning
Hypothesis Two
- H0: An instructional material does not have any impact in teaching and learning of chemistry in secondary school
- H1: An instructional material has an impact in teaching and learning of chemistry in secondary school
1.7 Significance of Study
This study will help to:
- Steer Government and Proprietors of schools to recognize the need to adequately equip their schools with current and appropriate instructional materials.
- Prove the worth of instruction materials in teaching learning processes.
- Inculcate in teachers the habits of using instructional materials appropriately in teaching learning process to arouse interest and determination among students.
This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.8 Scope of Study
The scope of this research is focused on the Extent Use of Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Senior Secondary School using Delta Career College in Warri, Delta State as a case study.
1.9 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
1.10 Definition of Terms
ICT: Information and communication technology as the collection, storage, processing dissemination and use of information.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
The Extent Use of Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Senior Secondary School can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
![]() | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problems
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
- 1.5 Research Questions
- 1.6 Research Hypothesis
- 1.7 Significance of Study
- 1.8 Scope of Study
- 1.9 Limitations of the Study
- 1.10 Definition of Terms
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Concept of ICT Instructional Materials
- 2.3 ICT in Education System
- 2.4 Importance of ICT in Education
- 2.5 Students' Academic Achievement
- 2.6 Benefits of Instructional Materials
- 2.7 Theoretical Framework
- 2.7.1 Overview of Audio - Visual Aids Instructional Material
- 2.7.2 Teachers’ Effectiveness in the use of Audio - Visual Aids Instructional Material for the teaching of Chemistry in Secondary Schools
- 2.8 Challenges of Teaching Chemistry with Instructional Materials
- 2.9 Prospects of Teaching Chemistry with Instructional Materials
- 2.10 The Usefulness of Instructional Material in Language Teaching
- 2.11 Empirical Review
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire
- 3.8.1 Interview
- 3.8.2 Key Informants Interview
- 3.8.3 Observation
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypothesis 1
- 4.5 Test of Hypothesis 2
- 4.6 Discussion of Findings
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Extent Use of Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Senior Secondary School" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problems
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
- 1.5 Research Questions
- 1.6 Research Hypothesis
- 1.7 Significance of Study
- 1.8 Scope of Study
- 1.9 Limitations of the Study
- 1.10 Definition of Terms
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Concept of ICT Instructional Materials
- 2.3 ICT in Education System
- 2.4 Importance of ICT in Education
- 2.5 Students' Academic Achievement
- 2.6 Benefits of Instructional Materials
- 2.7 Theoretical Framework
- 2.7.1 Overview of Audio - Visual Aids Instructional Material
- 2.7.2 Teachers’ Effectiveness in the use of Audio - Visual Aids Instructional Material for the teaching of Chemistry in Secondary Schools
- 2.8 Challenges of Teaching Chemistry with Instructional Materials
- 2.9 Prospects of Teaching Chemistry with Instructional Materials
- 2.10 The Usefulness of Instructional Material in Language Teaching
- 2.11 Empirical Review
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire
- 3.8.1 Interview
- 3.8.2 Key Informants Interview
- 3.8.3 Observation
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypothesis 1
- 4.5 Test of Hypothesis 2
- 4.6 Discussion of Findings
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Extent Use of Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Senior Secondary School" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “The Quality of Corporate Financial Disclosure in Banking Industry in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — Due to the study on corporate reports in the banking industry, the research took interest to study an empirical analysis on the quality of corporate financial disclosures in Nigeria banking industry. Chapter one contained the introduction, statement of problem, objective of the study, statement of hypothesis, scope of the study, summary of research methodology, limitation of the study and the significance of the study. Chapter two dealt with annual report and corporate disclosure demands for financial information. It entails the review of the related literature. Chapter three dealt with research methodology, research design, population and sample size, sample and sampling techniques, data sources, description of research instrument, hypotheses and data analysis. Chapter four dealt with the data presentation, analysis and …
Can the material for “Audit as a Tool for Prevention and Control of Fraud” be used as a guide for Accountancy / Accounting Project?
Yes it can be used — Audit: An audit of financial statement is an exercise whose objective is to enable auditor express an opinion on the account presented by management at the end of the years on whether on his opinion the account show true and fair view or otherwise. Internal control is the whole system of control, financial and other wise established by government to evaluate and checkmate the activities of the organization at every point in time. For effective research work the researcher made use of secondary and primary data ,The primary sources of information include response from the respondents through the use of personal interview and questionnaire .the main objective of this research work is To identify the causes of fraud in public parastatals And …
Can this topic “The Impact of Manpower Training and Development on Organizational Performance” be used for Industrial Relations and Personnel Management (IRPM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The need for improved productivity has become universally accepted and that it depends on efficient and effective training is not less apparent. It has further become necessary in view of advancement in modern world to invest in training and development. Thus, this study attempts to explore the roles, functions and performance of effective personnel management in a developed organization. Human resources training and development helps to ensure that staff (manpower) possess the knowledge and skills they need to perform their job effectively for organization to grow. The findings and suggestions made are therefore intended to aid in the impact of manpower training and development on organization performance Particularly in Unilever Nigeria Plc. This research work is divided into five chapters; chapter …
Can the material for “Total Quality Management and Service Delivery in the Local Government System” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — This study is an empirical assessment of services delivery in Nigeria local government system using Adavi local government area of Kogi State as a case study from 2004-2013. Structured questionnaire made up of open and close ended questions, personal interview and observation were used to collect primary data. The secondary data were collected through text books, journals, newspaper, government and internet publications. Analysis of data was through descriptive statistics of tables and simple percentages. The study revealed that Adavi local government has averagely performed in service delivery. Inspite of this, the study discovered that some of the factors affecting the discharge of service delivery in Adavi local government in terms of timelines, satisfaction, adequacy and effectiveness are insufficient funds irregular …
Can the material for “Development of a Web Based School Examination Timetabling System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — School examination timetabling system is a software application that will computerize and deal with the allocation of examination halls and time of a specific academic course of study. The aim of the study is develop a Web Based School Examination Timetabling System that will be useful to our education institutions, using Generic Algorithms and simulated annealing. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and implement a software that will automatically generate exam timetable using the two appropriate by considering Osun State Polytechnic exam time table data and evaluate and compare the performance of the two algorithms in term of their computational complexity. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system …
Can the material for “Computerized Database Management System for Child Abuse Documentation” be used as a guide for Software Engineering Project?
Yes it can be used — Computerized child abuse database management system is a project proposed to create awareness among masses on the issues related to child abuse. The computerized system will keep tracks of all the suspicious incidents of child abuse by generating reports, aid law enforcement agency based on numerous details. Implementing this computerized system will play a crucial role in child welfare. The management system and data collection tools will meet with the Federal reporting requirements, it will also serve the information needs of an organizations, help inform management decisions and support caseworkers' interactions with children, youth, and families. The methodology adopted in this study is the structure system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing …
Can the material for “Language Variation in Relation to Gender as a Social Factor” be used as a guide for Linguistics and Communication Project?
Yes it can be used — This research is designed to examine language variation in relation to gender as a social factor, the thrust of this study is a sociolinguistic analysis of gender on language use. The research through its data that encompasses various languages has proved beyond every doubt the existence of gender variation in language use. …
Can this topic “Role of Co-Operatives Societies in Housing Delivery” be used for Estate Management (EM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — A profession is a vocation whose practice is founded upon an understanding of theoretical structure of some departments of learning and upon the capabilities accompanying such as understanding. This understanding and these capabilities are applied to, vital practical affairs of man. The practices of the profession are modified by knowledge of a generalized nature and by the accumulated wisdom and experience of mankind, which serves to correct the vital needs of man considers its first ethical imperative to be altruistic service to the client K. F. Andrews. The act of investing in Housing co-operative is only the first step towards the investment of capital. In order to achieve its objective the Housing co-operative enterprises must be successfully and profitably operated as …
Is the topic “The Effect of Environmental Factors on English Language Among Secondary School Students” recommended for Education Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The study examined the effect of environmental factors on English language among secondary school students in Lagos. The study employed the survey design and the purposive sampling technique to select 450 students in secondary schools in Oshodi-Isolo Local government, Lagos state. A well-constructed questionnaire, which was adjudged valid and reliable, was used for collection of data from the respondents. The data obtained through the administration of the questionnaires was analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis. The results revealed that: There is availability of learning resources used in the schools. The learning environment affects the acquisition of English language positively. There is positive and significant relationship between environmental factors and English language (r=0.772; p<0.05). There is significant difference between environmental factors …
Can the material for “The Microbial Safety of Commercial Poultry Feeds” be used as a guide for Microbiology Project?
Yes it can be used — This study assessed the microbial safety of commercial poultry feeds. Poultry feed may serve as a carrier for a wide variety of microorganisms. The primary mode of inoculation of feed materials is the transference of soil by wind, rain, mechanical agitation, or insects to standing crops. Some of the microorganisms are adapted to the desiccated and relatively nutrient-poor conditions in soil and survive in similar niches on growing crops. Gastrointestinal pathogens can also introduced into the food chain by animals defecating in the farm environment or by fertilization of crops with manures. Other microorganisms are introduced during storage. In general, the amount of available water in the feed matrix determines whether a microorganism will grow or survive. Some microorganisms, primarily moulds, …