THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REWARDS AND PUNISHMENT IN PROMOTING DISCIPLINE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background To The Study
The problem of indiscipline is more apparent among learners across the education spectrum (Kerlinger, 1986). Throughout much of the history of the education system in England and Wales, the exercise of indiscipline was focused on the perceived moral imperative of countering the individual’s weakness of character through the administration of justifiable punishment. This objective was rejected in the legal basis for punishment. The legal parameters were established primarily through the application of the principles legitimating parental chastisement as a justification for actions which would otherwise give rise to civil or criminal liability.
Punishment had to be moderate and reasonable, whether for example involving detention or corporal punishment (Blair, 2001). By sending the child to school the parent was assumed to accept the authority of the school to administer punishment within the limits set by law (i.e. The common law). Current research shows that cases of learner indiscipline are on the increase in South African schools and in some cases, learners are alleged to have murdered others in school premises (Harber et al, 2001). The learner indiscipline cases reported in schools raised concerns about the safety of schools and classroom environments. South African educators suggested that alternative measures to corporal punishment were not very effective in curbing learner indiscipline in schools (Zulu et al, 2004). There are arguments for the use of corporal punishment but with the thrust on protection of students’s rights and the documented negative effects of corporal punishment (Zaibert, 2006), there is increasing need for teachers to beware of effective alternative measures and embrace them (Belvel & Jordan, 2002).
The word discipline means a system of guiding the individual to make reasonable decisions. It is actions taken by adults to help a child change his/her behaviour (Mbiti, 2004; Read et al, 2003). Jones (2009) says that “discipline, most simply stated is the business of enforcing simple classroom rules that facilitate learning and minimize disruption”. Variations on this definition are offered by Duke (2009), Gettinger (2007) and many others. Strother (2005) notes that some educators view disciplinary activities as irritating intrusions into school life which should not be necessary. Whatever their exact definition, most researchers and writers seem to agree that nowhere is it more true that prevention is better than cure in disciplining young people in educational settings.
Tuluhi and Bello (2000) assert that indiscipline is the breaking of rules and regulations of institutions. Individuals willingly or unwillingly violate laid down rules of an institution, which hampers the smooth running of the institution. To this end, indiscipline can simply be seen as a way of life not in conformity with rules and non -subjection to control. By extension, the term connotes the violations of school rules and regulations capable of obstructing the smooth and orderly functioning of the school system (Adeyemo, 2005). School rules and regulations in most cases do affect students more than any other thing because they are made by the school authorities in order to guide and protect the students while in school.
Learners in preschool have often depicted activities and behavior that is not in conformity to the laid down school rules and regulations or even responding appropriately to the teacher’s instructions (Ramani, 2002). Administrators have attributed indiscipline among school students to certain biological changes signaling maturity in the course of their growth and development and to other environmental and social factors that influence behavior (Mukharjee; 2005). Year on year the problem continues to get worse and teachers, as well as the majority of pupils, grow more and more frustrated with the continuing disruption of classes. While the most publicized cases of indiscipline are those at the severe end of the scale, such as those involving serious substance abuse or acts of violence, these represent only a small percentage of incidents in schools.
It is the more common incidences of recurring low or mid-level indiscipline which cause a much greater problem for teachers (East Africa Standard Team, 2001, April 23rd). High behavioral expectations are characteristic of every school. In contrast to poorly disciplined schools, staff in well-disciplined schools share and communicate high expectations for appropriate student behavior (Piazza, et al., 2007). Rules, sanctions and procedures are developed with input from students, are clearly specified and made known to everyone in the school. Researchers such as Short (2008) have found that student participation in developing and reviewing school discipline programs creates a sense of ownership and belongingness.
Widespread dissemination of clearly stated rules and procedures ensures that all students and staff understand what is and is not acceptable (Short, 2008). Smedley and Willower (2001) assert that a warm social climate, characterized by a concern for students as individuals is typical of well-disciplined schools. Teachers and administrators take an interest in the personal goals, achievements, and problems of students and support them in their academic and extracurricular activities. Many poorly disciplined schools have principals who are visible only for “official” duties such as assemblies or when enforcing school discipline. In contrast, principals of well-disciplined schools tend to be very visible in hallways and classrooms, talking informally with teachers and students, speaking to them by name, and expressing interest in their activities.
Such Principals in well-disciplined schools take responsibility for dealing with serious infractions, but they hold teachers responsible for handling routine classroom discipline problems. They assist teachers to improve their classroom management and discipline skills by arranging for staff development activities as needed. Doyle (2009) and Miller (2006) propose in-school suspension programs which include guidance, support, planning for change and opportunities to build new skills.
These have been demonstrated to be effective in improving individual student behavior and thus increasing school order. However, structures in which students are given rewards (e.g., verbal, tangible, or privileges) and sanctions (e.g., loss of privileges, such as television time, snacks, or later bedtime) at home, based on their behavior at school, have been shown to improve student behavior (Atkeson & Forehand 2009).
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
Discipline is of paramount importance in the life and development of a person. As is the nature of students, they constantly make mistakes and it is not rare to find students in preschool who display deviant behavior that may attract punishment. Both preschool teachers and parents have a role in ensuring that the indiscipline cases encountered are dealt with accordingly by use of various disciplining methods.
The way the teachers and parents in Nigeria deal with these problems by use of rewards and punishment was the principal motivation for this study. This study therefore sought to examine the effectiveness of the use of rewards and punishment in promoting discipline among secondary school students.
1.3 Objective Of The Study
The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of rewards and punishment in promoting discipline among secondary school students, specifically the study intends to:
- Establish the influence of rewards on student’s respect for the school rules.
- Establish the influence of punishment on correcting deviant behavior among secondary school students.
- Determine the influence of rewards on class attendance and academic performance
- Determine the influence of punishment on respect for school property.
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions was formulated to guide this research arrive at a valid conclusion:
- What is the influence of rewards on student’s respect for the school rules?
- What is the influence of punishment on correcting deviant behavior among secondary school students?
- What is the influence of rewards and punishment on class attendance and academic performance
- What the influence of punishment on respect for school property.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
The Effectiveness of Rewards and Punishment in Promoting Discipline Among Secondary School Students can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Effectiveness of Rewards and Punishment in Promoting Discipline Among Secondary School Students" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Effectiveness of Rewards and Punishment in Promoting Discipline Among Secondary School Students" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of an Online Library Stock Control System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — A library management system software package is designed especially to handle book-keeping tasks and students entry and exits period. The aim of this study is to design software that will Design and implement an Online Library Stock Control System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to Control the inflow and outflow of stock/materials in the library, store books using IDs assigned to each book, assist in the management and record library stocks and give account of borrowed and un borrowed books. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is as a result of poor determination books due and overdue, lack of comprehensive database for book stocked in the library and verifiable …
Can the material for “Effect of Insecurity on Movement of Passenger on East West” be used as a guide for Tourism and Hospitality Management Project?
Yes it can be used — The study examines the Effect of Insecurity on Movement of Passenger on East West using Port Harcourt-Bayelsa Route as a Case Study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to find out the specific causes and fundamental effects of Insecurity in Nigeria, ascertain the extent to which Nigerian Police force is equipped and empowered to provide security in Movement of Passenger on East West, identify the challenges that has inhibited the Nigerian police in performing its statutory functions, explore the relevance of the Nigerian police force in combating insecurity on Movement of Passenger on East West in Nigeria, and seek out solutions to insecurity on Movement of Passenger on East West and corrections that can be …
Can the material for “An Appraisal of the Courts and Constitutionalism in Nigeria a Decade of Democratic Governance” be used as a guide for Law Project?
Yes it can be used — Democracy is undoubtedly the commonest system of government mostly practiced in virtually all the countries of the world because it ensures the observance of people”Ÿs rights and freedom. It is however basically characterized by three independent arms of government namely; the Legislative, Executive and the Judicial arm of government. While the Legislature is responsible for making laws and the Executive is charged with the implementation of such law, the Judiciary is responsible for the interpretation of the law in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. In line with the doctrine of separation of powers, which is a cardinal feature of a democratic system, the Nigerian Constitution guarantees the independence of the Judiciary. The Judiciary as an arm of government …
Can the material for “Evaluation of the Plantar Arch Index and the Proportion of Flat Feet Among Inhabitants” be used as a guide for Anatomy Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to evaluate the Plantar Arch Index and the Proportion of Flat Feet among Inhabitants using Ovia Northeast Local Government Area of Edo State as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to know the lower limb disorders that affect pes planus among residents and determine the prevalence of pes planus among residents in the study area. Flat foot results from collapse of the arches of the foot. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 150 (one hundred and fifty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population …
Can the material for “Role of Mass Media in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Oil Palm and Plantain Farmers” be used as a guide for Agricultural Economics and Extension Project?
Yes it can be used — The study examined the role of mass media in disseminating agricultural information to oil palm and plantain farmers in Edo state, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the socio-economic characteristics of oil palm and plantain farmers in the study area, Ascertain Respondents’ accessibility to mass media, Ascertain the media type sought for agricultural information, Ascertain Respondents” preference of mass media for seeking agricultural information, Ascertain the perceived role of mass media to the Respondents, Ascertain the constraints faced by Respondents in accessing mass media and finally to Ascertain the problems inhibiting the cultivation of oil palm and plantain in the study area. A total number of 200 respondents were selected randomly and data were collected with the help of …
Can the material for “Management of Credit Facilities in Commercial Bank” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — Credit management facilities, the never centre of all commercial banks operations and in its efficiency guarantees, the ability to mobilize deposit and allocate such finds to customers when have need for them. This research work examined the credit facilities and loans management of First bank of Nigeria Plc Ughelli main branch Delta state with a view to ascertain the causes of loan failure, types of securities needed, importance of collecting securities from the prospective borrowers etc and time of loan maturity. The findings from analysis show that first bank of Nigeria plc (delta state) recorded impressive results in the normal business operation due to the increase in assets, high deposits a vary in the credit management. In conclusion, it was recommend that lending …
Can the material for “Assessment of Commercial Banks Lending Policies to the Private Sector” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — In this study, researcher examined the empirical analysis of commercial banks lending policies to the private sector. A case study of union bank of Nigeria plc. The study is significance on the system of monetary and credit policy measure which the central bank has stipulated the amount of interest lending rates that are obtainable in the commercial banks. The empirical analysis which is based on experiments or experience which is intended not only to maintain adequate monetary policy measures but also to create a healthy balance of payment position which is to reduce the art of domestic price inflation. In this study empirical analysis give way to some of the problems which arise in this study entitled empirical analysis commercial …
Can the material for “Analysis of Effect of Flood on Livelihood and Adaptation Measures of Smallholder Crop Farmers” be used as a guide for Agricultural Engineering (AE) Project?
Yes it can be used — This study evaluated the effect of flood on farm families in Delta State. It specifically described the socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder crop farmers in the study area, identified the causes of floods in the study area, evaluated the economic effects of flood hazards on smallholder crop farmers, examined the vulnerability of smallholder crop farmers’ families to floods in the study area and identified adaptive strategies for mitigating the negative effects of floods on smallholder farm households. 180 smallholder famers were randomly drawn from 12 communities that covered six local government areas including; Oshimili South, Ndokwa East, Ughelli North, Udu, Isoko North and Patani local government areas. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources and analysed through the use …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized Tourist Booking System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — In recent decades the tourism sector has grown rapidly to become a pillar of the global economy, political cooperation, social change and far − reaching advances in technology; both in communications and infrastructure. Tourism has closely been connected to progress of Information Communication Technology for over 30 years. With increasing complexity of tourism business models and tasks, there is a clear need of the next generation in tourism sector. Therefore, we proposing here new structure e-tourism which can support flexible automation, integration, computation, storage, and collaboration. In every year, millions of pilgrims visiting our Holy City, But on the part of tourism and development, Nigeria is less than Europe, America and Asia in the sector of tours and travel development. There …
Can the material for “Construction of a Juice Extractor Machine” be used as a guide for Chemical Engineering Project?
Yes it can be used — A Juice extractor machine is a device that is used to extract liquid (Juice) from fruits and vegetables in a process called juicing. The machine is constructed manually with the use of local materials and tools. The material used for the construction of the machine is mild steel sheet. During the construction of the machine, the various parts of it were constructed separately using the mild steel sheet before finally coupled. It is constructed in a way that when the handle is moved the fruits are crushed to give juice. The fabrication of the machine start with transferring of the information contained in the engineering drawing on the blank material from which the part is to be produced. The engineering drawing are …