
THE EFFECT OF PETROLEUM BY-PRODUCTS (FUEL AND KEROSENE) ON THE HAEMOGLOBIN OF AFRICAN CAT FISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS)
ABSTRACT
The effects of petroleum by-products (fuel and kerosene) on the hematology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was studied. Ten juvenile fishes were introduced in each aquarium, and held for 24hours in the laboratory, inside these aquaria, filled with 10 litres of unchlorinated well water. After 24hours, fuel and kerosene (500ml each) were introduced in each of the aquaria, while the third was used as control. Packed cell volume (PCV) values of the fish in fuel was 28.66+7.10a and was found lower than that in kerosene which was 29.67+ 71a . Hb reported in this study were 10.33+0.62a and 10.92 +0.51a for the fish in fuel and kerosene respectively. White blood cell recorded during this study was 188.98+4.88a and 190.01+ 3.20a for fish in fuel and kerosene respectively are lower in control which was 290 +2.78a. Red blood cell values obtained from the fish in kerosene (2.96 +022a) in this study was higher than that observed in fish in fuel (2.42 +0.12a.
The Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) values observed in this study (117.68+ 4.83a and 120.20+ 2.01a) for the fish in fuel and kerosene respectively are lower than the control 132.20 +3.82a (fl). Mean cell haemoglobin values observed in this study were 42.65+1.99a and 45.41 +0.02a for the fish in fuel and kerosene respectively. The higher lymphocytes (190.71 +5.23a) was observed in C. gariepinus in than the fish in fuel which has lymphocyte level of 185.65+5.13a these two compared to the control which has lymphocytes of 210.33 +7.05. However, all the blood parameters of fish species recorded during this study were within the healthy ranges for fish but suggest that morality depends on concentration.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
… This chapter will address the background information that motivated this study, the challenges that prompted it, its aim, and its objectives as a preface to subsequent sections of the study. Additional factors include the study's significance, scope, limitations, research questions and hypotheses, and the definition of technical terms.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background of studies
- 1.2 Statement of problem
- 1.3 Objective of the study
- 1.4 Significance of study
- 1.5 Limitation of the study
- 2.0 Literature review
- 2.1 The African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
- 2.2 Eco¬nomic im¬por¬tance of african catfish for hu¬mans
- 2.3 Petrochemicals
- 2.4 Sources of petrochemical spill on aquatic Environment
- 2.5 Toxicity of petrochemicals(petrol) on fish
- 2.6 Haematological examination of the effect of petroleum by-products on african catfish
- 3.0 Materials and method
- 3.1 Materials used for the experiment
- 3.2 Methods of sample collection
- 3.3 Method sample analysis
- 4.0 Presentation and Analysis of Result
- 5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and recommendation
- 5.1 Discussion
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Effect of Petroleum By-Products (Fuel and Kerosene) on the Haemoglobin of African Cat Fish (Clarias Gariepinus)" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background of studies
- 1.2 Statement of problem
- 1.3 Objective of the study
- 1.4 Significance of study
- 1.5 Limitation of the study
- 2.0 Literature review
- 2.1 The African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
- 2.2 Eco¬nomic im¬por¬tance of african catfish for hu¬mans
- 2.3 Petrochemicals
- 2.4 Sources of petrochemical spill on aquatic Environment
- 2.5 Toxicity of petrochemicals(petrol) on fish
- 2.6 Haematological examination of the effect of petroleum by-products on african catfish
- 3.0 Materials and method
- 3.1 Materials used for the experiment
- 3.2 Methods of sample collection
- 3.3 Method sample analysis
- 4.0 Presentation and Analysis of Result
- 5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and recommendation
- 5.1 Discussion
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Effect of Petroleum By-Products (Fuel and Kerosene) on the Haemoglobin of African Cat Fish (Clarias Gariepinus)" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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