THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF VOTERS' TURNOUT IN CONDUCTING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria‘s history,‖ and, hoped that the democratic transition occurs peacefully and with respect for human rights of all.‖ Yet, despite the positive remarks Nigeria was categorized as partly free‖ using ratings from political and civil rights enjoyed by the citizens.1 In fact the Organization (2015b) placed most African states in the same category as Nigeria stating that the continent saw overall if uneven progress toward democratization during the 1990s and the early 2000s. However, recent years have seen backsliding among both the top performers, such as South Africa, and the more repressive countries, such as The Gambia and Ethiopia.‖ Why is this assessment important and what do elections and voter turnout have to do with it? The democratization project concerns primarily the guaranteeing and enjoyments of civil and political rights for citizens. Democracies make these rights possible through citizen participation in elections and governance. A major difference between countries where democracy is consolidated (established democracies), and countries undertaking democratic transitions and consolidation (democratizing countries), is the extent to which these rights are guaranteed or restrained. It should be born in mind however, that measures of countries which are free‖ or partly free,‖ and why, may be controversial but these have been explained and represent, approximately, the situation in the countries (Freedom House, 2015c).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on these observations, this study argues that it is too soon and misplaced to claim that the successful 2015 General elections represent the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. (The Guardian newspaper (Editorial: 28/04/2014) for example concluded that in spite of some challenges, a new culture has evolved for the entrenchment of democracy in Nigeria.‖ We can posit at best, that the result and outcome of the elections offered a great chance for Nigeria to embark on democratic consolidation. New policies and reform of institutions which are required for consolidation of democracy do not exist which theorists have identified as prerequisites although they have failed to equally analyze the requirements which make such reforms possible or difficult especially for countries in Africa, that is, level of popular support and legitimacy which enables regimes to successfully initiate the reforms needed for democratic consolidation.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The study sought to know the impact of voters’ turnout in conducting free and fair election. Specifically, the study sought to;
- To determine the requirements for a democratic consolidation.
- To know the voter turnout and voting behavior in the 2015 Nigerian General Elections.
- To identify the regional ethnic pattern of voting.
- What are the implications for democratic consolidation under the incoming regime
1.3 Research Questions
The questions for investigation include the following:
- What are the requirements for democratic consolidation?
- What was the voter turnout and voting behavior in the 2015 Nigerian General Elections?
- What was the regional ethnic pattern of voting?
- What are the implications for democratic consolidation under the incoming regime?
Answers to these questions will help us determine the likelihood or otherwise of democratic consolidation under the incoming regime.
1.5 Research Hypotheses
Ho: Voter turnout and voting behavior in the 2015 Nigerian General Election was discouraging.
Hi: Voter turnout and voting behavior in the 2015 Nigerian General Election was encouraging.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study therefore attempts to contribute to theory of democratization in Africa by examining the amount of support an incoming regime must have in order to successfully carry out needed reforms for democratic consolidation using data from the 2015 General elections in Nigeria. It will be argued that the voter turnout and the voting behavior in the elections offer a clue to whether the incoming regime of President Muhammadu Buhari (PMB) has the initial support to successfully embark on the process of democratic consolidation. The premise of the study is that the concepts of voter turnout and voting behavior can contribute to theories of democratization and suggest ways in which a synthesis of the concepts could increase our understanding of the process of democratic consolidation with particular reference to Africa. Knowing the initial support regimes have at inception, they can work to increase popular participation for further legitimacy.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study is on the impact of voters’ turnout in conduction free and fair election.
1.8 Limitations of Study
Financial constraint
Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint
The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Election:
Is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office.
Voter Turnout:
Is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election. (Who is eligible varies by country, and should not be confused with the total adult population. For example, some countries discriminate based on sex, race, and/or religion. Age and citizenship are usually among the criteria.)
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
The Contributions of Voters’ Turnout in Conducting Free and Fair Election (A Case Study of 2015 General Election in Nigeria) can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Contributions of Voters' Turnout in Conducting Free and Fair Election" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "The Contributions of Voters' Turnout in Conducting Free and Fair Election" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is the topic “The Effect of Production Cost Control in Manufacturing Industry” recommended for Accountancy / Accounting Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — In the world today, the main motive or objective of all business organization among other aims must be to make profit. But profit can only exist under one condition. The condition being that income from the business activity or activities must exceed the expenditures. This is to say on the true view that there must be excess of revenue over cost and expenditure. Often times, profit can only be obtained when there is increase in selling price of a product or reduction in the production cost. Since excessive price increase in dreaded by public, it becomes very vital to achieve the business objective through an efficient and effective production cost control on each of the forms product. Based on the …
Can this topic “Evaluation of Industrial Emission Damage Function Regulation and Implementation and Its Suitabilities in the Control of Air Pollution in the Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry” be used for Environmental Science Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The broad environmental issues faced by the oil and gasexploration and production industry are manifested at bothlocal and global levels. They include: habitat protection andbiodiversity, air emissions, marine and freshwater discharges,incidents and oil spills, and soil and groundwater contamination. Research Methodology: The aim of this chapter is to briefly intimate the reader with various research designs used by the researchers. And Chi-square were used to analyse the techniques used. Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data: This chapter deals with the presentations, analysis and interpretation of the da8ta collected. The data collected will be used to answer the research questions and test the hypothesis. In conclusion have gone ahead to erect effective legal regimes in the form of laws and regulations to control …
Can this topic “Design and Development of Data Warehouse for Accident Cases and Causes for Road Safety in Nigeria” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — A data warehouse is a repository for all data which is collected by an organization in various operational systems; it can be either physical or logical. The aim of the study is to design and develop a data warehouse for accident cases and causes for road safety in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will provide an efficient way of record keeping using the rubrics of database (set of integrated files) in the Federal Road Safety Commission and provide information which will serve as an aid in knowing the various causes of several accident incidences. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system …
Can this topic “Design and Simulation of a Personal Computer Temperature Control System” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Temperature determines the survival of all natural creatures and as well the operational fitness of all scientific invention, it is quite important to every aspect of human endeavor and its control is as important as the temperature itself. This research work centers its study on temperature and its control with a view of designing and implementing a reliable computerized system that will automatically contribute in temperature control. The new system will be able to automatically detect temperature within a particular environment at a particular time and be able to give the desired output concerning the aim of its development. The new system pivots its temperature on room temperature, controlling the regulation of the room air conditioning system for good up- keep of …
Can the material for “Perception and Attitude Toward Immunization Among Mothers Attending Abakwa PHC in Kaduna State” be used as a guide for Midwifery Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to examine the Perception and Attitude toward Immunization among Mothers Attending Abakwa PHC in Kaduna State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the attitude of mothers towards immunization against childhood killer diseases and determine whether the mother’s educational level influences the practice of immunization against childhood killer diseases. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 150 (one hundred and fifty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested using the one-way ANOVA and the t-test statistical tools …
Can the material for “The Problems and Prospects of Social Marketing in Nigeria Manufacturing Organisation” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The aim of this research work is to appraise “problems and prospects of social marketing in Nigeria manufacturing organization. The objectives of this research work include the following; to investigate whether the Nigerian manufacturing sectors have an in-depth knowledge of social marketing practice. To investigate the problems encountered by Nigerian manufacturing sector in their social marketing sector. For a successful completion of this researcher made use of both primary and secondary methods of data collection for information gathering. Primary data were collected through questionnaire administration, oral interview, and personal observation. Secondary data were collected through periodicals and journals, textbooks and lecture note, books and internet. The data collected were presented in table and analyzed with simple percentages while the hypotheses stated were …
Can the material for “The Effect of Personnel Training and Development on Crime Prevention and Control” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work is poised to look into the Effect of Personnel Training and Development on Crime Prevention and Control in Kogi State ’’(A case study of Kogi State Police Command). The research work is divided into five chapters with each chapter linking each other. The objective of the research work is to examine the nature and causes of crime in the country. Two methods of data collection were used i.e. The primary and secondary sources of data and the data was analyzed using simple percentage method for easy understanding. The findings revealed that political instability is one of the ways through which crime and anti-social behaviour emerged in our society. At the end of the research work, it was …
Is the topic “Design and Implementation of an Online Public Private Partnership System” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Public private partnership (PPPs) is a form of cooperation between the public and private sectors. Its goals are to finance, build (reconstruction), operation and maintenance of the infrastructure and to provide public service through the infrastructure. Within the PPPs entities of public sector are partner and customers of the private sector from which the purchase services. In principle the private partner finances, builds, and operate the infrastructure and is enabled to provide respective service compensated by payment from the end-user (concession) or from the public partner. The substantial attribute of public private partnerships is the sharing of risks relating to build and operation of the infrastructure between the private and public partner and a long time contract. Regarding the fact …
Can the material for “Design of Computerized Child Care Information System” be used as a guide for Information System Project?
Yes it can be used — Child care is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child’s legal guardians, typically performed by someone outside the child’s immediate family. This research work is aimed at developing a Child Care Information System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were set out to have a system that will be used to establish an efficient means of managing and tracking children in Daycare, design a system that will contain a reliable database of different children, present a system that will enable management and staff of Olinz daycare centre to have proper knowledge of children tracking system, have a system that will be cost effective as regards to children daycare, and design …
Can this topic “Independent National Electoral Commission and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria” be used for Political Science Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This study investigated the impact of the INEC as an electoral management body on democratic consolidation in Nigeria. This was premised on the observation Nigeria continues to witness with growing disappointments and apprehension as to its inability to conduct peaceful, free, fair and open elections in which results are widely accepted and respected across the country. The objectives of this study were among others, to examine the impact of the introduction of electronic accreditation process on the level of election credibility in Nigeria; and investigate the impact of the introduction of Permanent Voter’s Card on voter’s participation in election process. To achieve the above objectives, the descriptive and historical methods were adopted to generate empirical data. Findings of the study …