TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ON COCOA PRODUCTION IN ESAN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

There has been a continuous problem in the production of cocoa over the years. As a result of, lack of application technical knowhow and other economic tools. At a point in the country economic history, agricultural production was of a major priority in Nigerian. But as time went by, there has been a gradual and small fall in the output overtime.

The study relied upon primary data generated from interviewing cocoa farmers using a set of structured questionnaire. A two stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting one hundred and twenty (120) cocoa farmers in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The data on the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers were analyzed using descriptive statistic, while the stochastic production function using the ordinary lease square estimate (OLS) techniques was used in estimating the farmer's technical efficiency and their determinants.

Result of the analysis showed that farmers are not fully technically efficient due to inefficient usage of resources. The efficiency level ranged between 0.02-0.99 with a mean of 0.29. The result confirmed that the cocoa farmers in the area were technically inefficient. The major contributing factors to efficiency were farmer experience, level of education, family size. The study observed that there is enough room to improve efficiency with the farmers current resources base and available technology and concluded that polices that would directly affect these identified variables should be pursued.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is one of the most import economic produce in Nigeria. This can be drawn out in terms of annual contribution to foreign exchange earnings, income earning, employment, internal revenue generation and as source of raw material for industry.

Nigeria is potentially one of the most economically endowed nation of the world, having abundant of resources e.g. coffee, rubber, oil palm, cocoa and other non crop product, such as petroleum.

In Nigeria, cocoa is a very important part of the cash crop family in the agricultural sector. Analysis shows that, in the 1980's cocoa production in Nigeria was at its peak, Overtime, the output has fallen by over 50%. from 1980 to 2002 due to technical inefficiency of the agricultural sector. Tian and Guary (2000) in China has shown that there is room for increasing agricultural productivity in developing countries by improving technical efficiency of agricultural production. That every factors of production should be efficiently and effectively mobilized in cocoa production to reduce the gap between actual and potential output.

The major objective of stakeholders of cocoa produce in the state is to increase production on a sustainable basis at the farm level. Cocoa productivity levels can be enhance either by improving technical efficiency and or by improving technological application (Nkamleu et al, 2010). This aspect shows that proper farm maintenance through weeding and increased use of input like pesticides and fertilizer is considered to be the more effective way to increase production. This is because a greater part of cocoa produce is lost due to diseases, pests, and weeds (Binam et al , 2008; Dzene, 2010). Cocoa yields depends on how farmers combine their resources optimally to maximize output for cocoa produce and also optimize resource use in the industry, for cocoa to continue to play its key role in the economy.

1.2 Problem Statement

There has been a continuous problem in the production of cocoa over the years. As a result of the lack of application technical knowhow and other economic tools. As we know, at a point in the country economic history, agricultural production was of a major priority in Nigerian. But as time went by, there has been a gradual and small fall in the output overtime. Nigeria produces a little more than half of what she used to produce in the 1970's (CBN 2004).

In order to increase and maintain a quality and quantity production of cocoa, there is a need to improve on technical efficiency and application aspect of economic principles to production, cut down over-regulation of the sector, provide effective marketing system and invest more on the sector. This works intends to answer the following questions: What are the challenges faced by cocoa farmers; and what method to adopt to improve on cocoa production.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The general objective of this study is to ascertain the technical efficiency of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) production in Esan West Local Government area of Edo state.

Examine the socio-economic characteristics of cocoa producers.
Estimate the levels of technical efficiency in cocoa production.
Examine the factors that influence the level of efficiency in cocoa production.

1.4 Justification

An interest in this study stems from the fact that cocoa production in Nigeria is reducing and Nigeria is experiencing difficulties meeting local demand for cocoa product.

This however, creates an opportunity for increased production. It therefore becomes necessary to offer information on this sub-sector of the agricultural sector in order to show the potentials of cocoa production and also to highlight the potential for boosting the Nigerian economy by concentrating on the cocoa production sector.

The study will provide the information needed for a successful cocoa enterprise which also would boost the confidence of the cocoa farmer and also could serve as guide for investors in the enterprise.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material

Technical Efficiency on Cocoa Production in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.

Seminar Material Cost
₦3,000

Project Material Cost
₦5,000

Request Complete Material

Complete Material Chapters of Technical Efficiency on Cocoa Production in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State Nigeria

Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;

Preliminary Pages,
Chapter 1-5,
References and Appendix.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Background to the Study

1.3 Statement of Problem

1.4 Objective of Study

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review

2.1 Background

2.2 Important of Cocoa

2.3 Production of Cocoa in Nigeria

2.4 Theoretical Framework of Efficiency

2.5 Concept of Efficiency

2.6 Technical Efficiency

2.7 Factors Influencing Technical Efficiency

2.8 Application of the Stochastic Frontier Model

CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology

3.1 Area of Study

3.2 Data Collection

3.2.1 Data Source

3.2.2 Sampling Frame

3.2.3 Sampling Procedure

3.3 Data Analysis Technique

3.3.1 Socio-economic Characteristics of Cocoa Producers

3.3.2 Estimate the Levels of Technical Efficiency in Cocoa

3.3.3 Factor Influencing Efficiency in Cocoa Production

3.4 Limitations of the Study

CHAPTER FOUR

Result and Discussion

4.1 Socio-economic Characteristics of Respondents

4.2.1 Production Functions of Cocoa Farmer

4.2.2 Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Cocoa

4.2.3 Technical Efficiency Estimate

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Summary

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Technical Efficiency on Cocoa Production in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can the material for “An Evaluation of the Environmental Factors That Lead to Abandonment of Public Building Projects” be used as a guide for Building Technology (BT) Project?

Yes it can be used — The successful implementation of building projects may be impaired without a good knowledge of the environmental factors that contribute to building projects abandonment and this abandonment makes it difficult to achieve the benefit to be derived from the projects. The study was carried out to evaluate the environmental factors that lead to abandonment of public building projects, with a view to proffering solutions to public building projects abandonments in Abuja . The study identifies the characteristics of abandoned public building projects, examine the environmental factors that are responsible for public building projects abandonment and also assess the effects of public building projects abandonment on the environment. The research adopted the quantitative method in which the checklist was developed to obtain the …

Can the material for “Impact of Environmental Factor on Choice of Career Among Youths in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Education Project?

Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to examine the Impact of Environmental Factor on Choice of Career Among Youths in Nigeria. The research provides a conceptual and theoretical appraisal of the impact of environmental factor on choice of career among youths in Nigeria. It analyzes environmental factors, career choices among youths and environmental factors that influence their decision of a choice of career. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested using the one-way ANOVA and the t-test statistical tools …

Can the material for “A Study of Mariama Ba’s So Long a Letter Language in Feminist Literature” be used as a guide for Literature in English Project?

Yes it can be used — The feminist agitation for relevance in society and in literary delineation of gender roles is firmly established in literary criticism. The study was carried out to identify how Mariama Ba uses language to portray feminism - the reaction of females against the oppressive and discriminatory culture experienced by them- in her novel So Long a Letter. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to assess the linguistic projection of female subjugation in Mariama Ba’s So Long a Letter and examine the female characteristic language use in So Long a Letter. Investigation revealed that Men in Africa make women understand that they, the men, are the head of the family that is, they are superior to women. …

Can the material for “The Role of Capital in the Growth of Small Scale Business in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?

Yes it can be used — This research work examined the role of capital in the growth of small business in Nigeria with reference to the selected firms in Owerri, Imo state. Four research questions were formulated for the study. Two sources of data were used to gather information and instrument for data is made of structured questionnaire and percentage method were used to analyzed the data collected. The researcher reviewed the related literature on the role of capital in the growth of small scale business. From the analysis of data collected by the researcher, it was discovered that high interest loan, mismanagement of capital and unreliable of source of capital were the problems militating against small scale businesses. This study also revealed the important of small scale business …

Can the material for “Computerized Students Certificate Management System” be used as a guide for Software Engineering Project?

Yes it can be used — Computerized Students Certificate Management System is a system designed to computerize the process of adding certificates and verifying the certificates records of students. The aim of the study is to design and implement a Computerized Students Certificate Management System. In achieving this aim, the following objectives were set out to develop an application software that will resolve the issue of manual verification of certificates and enable the registrar to automatically generate unique certificate code for each certificate added. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that during verification of a student certificate there were cases of employers spending lot of money in order to verify the authenticity of a certificate presented to them during job …

Can this topic “The Impact of Guidance and Counseling Services on Students Academic Performance and Career Choice in Selected Secondary Schools” be used for Arts Education Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — The study was carried out to examine the Impact of Guidance and Counseling Services on Students Academic Performance and Career Choice in Selected Secondary Schools. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to find out the impact of guidance and counselling services in secondary school students and identify the career choice of the students in secondary schools of the area under study. Investigation revealed that some students choose subject hazardously and indiscriminately, simply because they feel they are good in themselves, without taking their desired professions into considerations. Also, there are some who do not know the requirement or the type of subject one could pass before being admitted for specific course. The research design used …

Can the material for “Alternative Police System in Nigeria: A Predictive Framework” be used as a guide for Criminology and Security Studies Project?

Yes it can be used — Police System allows police personnel to plan effectively for emergency response, determine mitigation priorities, analyze historical events, and predict future events. The study is to examine the predictive framework for combating crime and conflict management alternative police system in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the alternative police system contribution towards national security and investigate the factors affecting predictive framework for combating crime and conflict management in police system. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For …

Can the material for “Design and Implementation of an Online Birth Rate Monitoring Information Record System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?

Yes it can be used — Birth registration and monitoring is part of national civil registration systems that also record marriages and deaths. The aim of the study is to design and implement an Online Birth Rate Monitoring Information Record System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to develop an online system that can be easily used to register births and implement a system that can be used to obtain reports of birth rate. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is as a result of the difficulty encountered in determining the birth rate in different regions and time consumption during manual recording of birth rate information. The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system …

Can the material for “The Impact of Mother Tongue on Students’ Performance in English Language” be used as a guide for Education Project?

Yes it can be used — This study has thrown an insight into the impact of mother tongue in the speaking skills of English language. The impact: of “mother tongue” was noticed in the section of grammar and sentence structure and this affected their dialect and their grammar and sentences structure. Students’ background in all the four language skills listening, speaking, reading and writing was extremely woeful. Poor still was their timidity towards speaking of English Language, Some of the teachers did not hide their interest regarding their zeal in teaching thesubject. …

Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized Transport Management Information System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?

Yes it can be used — Road Transport Management Information System permits a customer to observe the information about seat reservation, bus schedule and ticket sales as well as bus time of dispatch. The aim of this study is to design and implement a Computerized Transport Management Information System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to: design a workable automated transportation system software, create a system that can be used to record transportation records to database, design a system that can be used to accurately compute transportation bills, and design a system that can be utilized to obtain reports of transportation records. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the manual recording transportation management …