TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ON COCOA PRODUCTION
ABSTRACT
There has been a continuous problem in the production of cocoa over the years. As a result of, lack of application technical knowhow and other economic tools. At a point in the country economic history, agricultural production was of a major priority in Nigerian. But as time went by, there has been a gradual and small fall in the output overtime.
The study relied upon primary data generated from interviewing cocoa farmers using a set of structured questionnaire. A two stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting one hundred and twenty (120) cocoa farmers in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The data on the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers were analyzed using descriptive statistic, while the stochastic production function using the ordinary lease square estimate (OLS) techniques was used in estimating the farmer’s technical efficiency and their determinants.
Result of the analysis showed that farmers are not fully technically efficient due to inefficient usage of resources. The efficiency level ranged between 0.02-0.99 with a mean of 0.29. The result confirmed that the cocoa farmers in the area were technically inefficient. The major contributing factors to efficiency were farmer experience, level of education, family size. The study observed that there is enough room to improve efficiency with the farmers current resources base and available technology and concluded that polices that would directly affect these identified variables should be pursued.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background Study
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is one of the most import economic produce in Nigeria. This can be drawn out in terms of annual contribution to foreign exchange earnings, income earning, employment, internal revenue generation and as source of raw material for industry.
Nigeria is potentially one of the most economically endowed nation of the world, having abundant of resources e.g. coffee, rubber, oil palm, cocoa and other non crop product, such as petroleum.
In Nigeria, cocoa is a very important part of the cash crop family in the agricultural sector. Analysis shows that, in the 1980’s cocoa production in Nigeria was at its peak, Overtime, the output has fallen by over 50%. from 1980 to 2002 due to technical inefficiency of the agricultural sector. Tian and Guary (2000) in China has shown that there is room for increasing agricultural productivity in developing countries by improving technical efficiency of agricultural production. That every factors of production should be efficiently and effectively mobilized in cocoa production to reduce the gap between actual and potential output.
The major objective of stakeholders of cocoa produce in the state is to increase production on a sustainable basis at the farm level. Cocoa productivity levels can be enhance either by improving technical efficiency and or by improving technological application (Nkamleu et al, 2010). This aspect shows that proper farm maintenance through weeding and increased use of input like pesticides and fertilizer is considered to be the more effective way to increase production. This is because a greater part of cocoa produce is lost due to diseases, pests, and weeds (Binam et al , 2008; Dzene, 2010). Cocoa yields depends on how farmers combine their resources optimally to maximize output for cocoa produce and also optimize resource use in the industry, for cocoa to continue to play its key role in the economy.
1.2 Problem Statement
There has been a continuous problem in the production of cocoa over the years. As a result of the lack of application technical knowhow and other economic tools. As we know, at a point in the country economic history, agricultural production was of a major priority in Nigerian. But as time went by, there has been a gradual and small fall in the output overtime. Nigeria produces a little more than half of what she used to produce in the 1970’s (CBN 2004).
In order to increase and maintain a quality and quantity production of cocoa, there is a need to improve on technical efficiency and application aspect of economic principles to production, cut down over-regulation of the sector, provide effective marketing system and invest more on the sector. This works intends to answer the following questions: What are the challenges faced by cocoa farmers; and what method to adopt to improve on cocoa production.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The general objective of this study is to ascertain the technical efficiency of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) production in Esan West Local Government area of Edo state.
- Examine the socio-economic characteristics of cocoa producers.
- Estimate the levels of technical efficiency in cocoa production.
- Examine the factors that influence the level of efficiency in cocoa production.
1.4 Justification
An interest in this study stems from the fact that cocoa production in Nigeria is reducing and Nigeria is experiencing difficulties meeting local demand for cocoa product.
This however, creates an opportunity for increased production. It therefore becomes necessary to offer information on this sub-sector of the agricultural sector in order to show the potentials of cocoa production and also to highlight the potential for boosting the Nigerian economy by concentrating on the cocoa production sector.
The study will provide the information needed for a successful cocoa enterprise which also would boost the confidence of the cocoa farmer and also could serve as guide for investors in the enterprise.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Technical Efficiency on Cocoa Production can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Technical Efficiency on Cocoa Production" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can this topic “Multi-Level Intrusion Detection and Log Management System in Cloud Computing” be used for Computer Science Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Cloud Computing is a new type of service which provides large scale computing resource to each customer. Cloud Computing systems can be easily threatened by various cyber-attacks, because most of Cloud Computing systems provide services to so many people who are not proven to be trustworthy.Therefore, a Cloud Computing system needs to contain some Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) for protecting each Virtual Machine (VM) against threats. In this case, there exists a trade-off between the security level of the IDS and the system performance. If the IDS provide stronger security service usingmore rules or patterns, then it needs much more computing resources in proportion to the strength of security. So the amount of resources allocating for customersdecreases. Another problem in …
Can this topic “The Role of Small Scale Industries in Selected Small Businesses” be used for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The study was conducted on Financing Small and Medium industries in Nigeria (A Case Study of Selected small business in Lagos State sub-urban). The roles play by SSEs as been confirmed by this study. It therefore means that the SSEs can be effectively used to improve the country’s employment and growth if the above stated problems that they face are tackled. More activities of the government should therefore be directed to the industry. The data were gathered through the administration of questionnaire to respondents from different department status in the organization. The findings of this work do not differ significantly from what have been said by former researcher as reviewed in chapter two of this work. However, this does not mean that further …
Is the topic “Design and Implementation of Student Attendance Monitoring System Using Fingerprint” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Student Attendance Monitoring System Using Fingerprint is a software developed for daily student attendance in schools and institutions. The ability to compute the attendance percentage becomes a major task as manual computation produces errors, and also wastes a lot of time. The aim of the study is to design and develop a reliable, scalable and cost effective Fingerprint based Student Attendance monitoring system. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to develop a fingerprint students’ attendance capturing system and compare it with manual system and carry out the analysis of manual processes involved in class attendance and examination attendance. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the traditional system is …
Can the material for “Socio - Economic Status and Children’s Educational Life Chances” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — This study investigates the relationship between socio-economic status and children’s educational life chances using the peasant farmers of Basawa and Bomo districts of Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State as a case study. The study was embarked upon to find out the impact of socio-economic status on children’s educational life chances. Some of the problems of the study area stated in this work are; children’s low school enrolment due to their parents’ low socio-economic status, children’s educational achievement depending on parents’ education, and effects of gender on children’s education. The population of the study are teachers and students in SS1 in Basawa and Bomo districts and target population of 264 students and 48 teachers were sampled. The study which …
Can the material for “Critical Analysis of the Performance of National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy Needs on the Nigerian Economy” be used as a guide for Statistics Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work, “Critical analysis of the performance of the National Economics Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on the Nigeria Economy, (A Case Study of Enugu State)” seeks to look at the major causes of Nigerians Economic Misfortunes and his is greatly attributable to the poor industrial capacity utilization, massive unemployment and underemployment, high late of inflation, high poverty rate, poor wealth distribution, Mono-cultural economy (oil) high rate of corruption, etc. The main objectives of this research are to find out if NEEDS has made any impact on the Enugu State and to analyses such impacts. To achieve the above stated objectives, a systematic research methodology was adopted. Good research questions were used on the sample such as the government, the …
Can the material for “National Directorate of Employment and Unemployment Problem” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work is on the national directorate of employment and unemployment problem in Imo state. The research work reviewed that before the creation of the National directorate of employment (NDE) in the state in 1986. There had been a very high rate of unemployment. The body NDE was establish to help correct the imbalance between the employed and the unemployed in the state. Many writers traced the various problems that had occurred because of unemployment and many steps to solutions were also treated. Unemployment was reviewed under global unemployment trends, unemployment in Nigeria, government policies towards unemployment and the national directorate of employment (NDE). From the analysis of findings, the researcher was able to observed that the N.D.E. contributes immensely on …
Can the material for “The Effect of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity on MHD” be used as a guide for Physics Education Project?
Yes it can be used — The effect of variable viscosity and thermal diffusivity on MHD boundary layer flow of dusty fluid flow over a stretching sheet has been investigated. The aim of the study is to investigate the Effect of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity on MHD. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to investigate the effect of variable fluid viscosity, magnetic parameter, variable thermal conductivity parameter, fluid interaction parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number on the flow behavior and heat transfer process, investigate the effect of variable fluid viscosity, magnetic parameter, variable thermal conductivity parameter, fluid interaction parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number on the flow behavior and heat transfer process, and analyzed the effect of thermal radiation and variable …
Can this topic “The Effects of Entrepreneurial Skill on Product Portfolio Development” be used for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This research work examined the effects of entrepreneurial skill on product portfolio development of medium scale enterprise in Lagos. It is important for business owners (be it a small medium scale enterprises operator or large scale enterprise), who aspire for optimum success in their endeavour to take cognisance of the essential entrepreneurial skills which will aid the effective achievement of their organization goal and objective. The research design adopted for the study is survey research design. The main instrument used was self administered questionnaires. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analysed using mean, median mode and standard deviation. Two hypotheses were tested using Z-test at 0.05% level of significance. The analysis done reveal that there is significant relationship between …
Is the topic “Automated Vehicle Identification System of Official Car in Federal Polytechnic Nekede” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — A vehicle is a mobile machine that transports passengers or cargo. Automated vehicle identification system, is software that will assist the security men in recognizing an official car in Federal Polytechnic Nekede. This software is an expert system will be program with the knowledge of someone that is charge of assigning official car to staff in the institution. The security men, especially the new posted one, cannot identify an official car in the institution due to ignorant and lack of proper training of security personnel, this lead to the development of an automated vehicle identifying system for easy recognizing and identifying of an official car in the institution. The methodology adopted this research work is structured system analysis and design …
Is the topic “Feasibility of Drinking Water Business” recommended for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The Nigeria society today is crawling with all kinds of human activities in pursuit of survival. A peasant farmer who usually wakes up everyday knows that his duty is to go to his farm and see whether his crops are growing fine and healthy. A medical doctor has the duty to attending to patients in the hospital while teachers are there to impact knowledge into people. What then does a business man do in his or her business activities. These activities of human being for survival has gone beyond the limit of home-stead. Our companies today have all erupted with all kinds of business activities creating employment for the unemployment citizens. For the purpose of this study based on our research exercise, …