SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE SHARK RESOURCES OF ATLANTIC OCEAN: SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FISHERY
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background To The Study
Not only are sharks among the ocean’s top predators and vital to the natural balance of marine ecosystems, they are also a valuable recreational species and food source (Scott & Scott, 1988). To help protect these important marine species, the many countries especially the advanced countries has some of the strongest shark management measures worldwide (DFO, 2000). There are a variety of resources related to sharks and their management throughout the Atlantic Ocean. There are several shark species found in the Atlantic ocean.
According to Boyle et al (1998), the blue shark is the most common and commercially valuable of these species, however other species such as the Mako, Greenland, Basking, and Porbeagle sharks, have been assessed for their commercial significance in recent years. The blue shark (Pronace glauca) is a large pelagic species with a long slender body, narrow head, five-gill slits, large eyes, a pointed snout, and long scythe-like pectoral fins. It has an elongated, sickle shaped caudal fin (tail), which enables it to be a powerful and fast swimmer. This species has a characteristic blue colour on the upper surface shading to a pure white on its abdomen.
The blue shark is one of the fastest growing species of shark, ranging in size from1.8 to 3.8 m and weighing 29 to 55 kg. The life span of blue sharks is unknown but it is estimated that they can reach a maximum age of 20 years. Pronace. glauca is found in both inshore and offshore waters in the Atlantic Ocean, as well as adjoining seas, approximately 500 N to 500 S. The blue shark is the most widely distributed of all shark species.
The blue shark prefers near surface temperate water, ranging from 13 to 180C, but can tolerate from 7 to 270C. The blue shark is an opportunistic feeder but prefers feeding on small pelagic schooling fish such as herring, mackerel, sardine and anchovy. The only natural predators of the blue shark are other larger shark species (Boyle et al, 1998). Sharks have been exploited in the Atlantic ocean since the early 1960s, however the majority of shark landings for Atlantic ocean have been by-catch in established fisheries such as longline swordfish and other groundfish fixed gear fisheries. Closure and reductions in many of the traditional groundfish fisheries has resulted in more fishers interested in developing a target fishery for pelagic shark species, particularly for porbeagle, short-fin mako, and the blue shark and to a lesser extent the basking and Greenland sharks (Campana et al, 2001).
Total landings of shark for Atlantic ocean averaged 44 metric tones (mt) from 1995 to 2002, with 1998 recording the highest value. Prior to a formal shark fishery in Atlantic ocean, it was thought shark resources of the region were underutilized. Shark species are relatively slow growing, long-living organisms with low reproductive rates, making them highly susceptible to over-harvesting. Therefore, numerous shark fisheries throughout the world have collapsed after a short period of exploitation. Prior to 1994, access to shark resources in Atlantic ocean was not restricted and no formal management measures existed. In 1995, an interim management plan was introduced and by 1997, a multi-year management was initiated (1997-1999) and updated in 2000-2001. Under these new fishery regulations only vessels over 65 feet are allowed to participate, harvesting gear is limited to handline, longline or rod and reel, no by-catch of tunas or swordfish are allowed and all landing are monitored by appropriate fisheries authorities (Campana et al, 2001).
Landed shark must be handled carefully and quickly in order to preserve product quality. Immediately after capture, the shark must be bled by cutting off the head and tail portion, then gutted, washed, and packed in ice and slush solution (Subasinghe, 1992). When properly handled and iced, shark will remain fresh for 7 to 10 days. There are several products made from shark including oil, whole dressed shark, fresh or frozen steak, leather tanning products and various types of medicine; however the most valuable product is shark fins, which are one of the most expensive fish products in the world (DFO, 2000).
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
For a sustainable management, future development of the shark resources and fishery in the Atlantic ocean will require more research into species distribution and biology to determine abundance and develop management measures for sustainable harvest. In addition, the industry requires processors interested in purchasing and processing whole shark, a consistent supply of top quality shark meat, and greater marketing effort directed at consumer specification and finding new markets niches.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to examine the Socio-economic and Biological Characteristics of the Sustainable Management of the Shark Resources of Atlantic Ocean. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To examine the management processes of shark resources of the Atlantis Ocean.
- To examine the socio-economic importance of sharks of the Atlantic Ocean.
- To examine the biological characteristics of sharks of the Atlantic Ocean.
1.4 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What are the management processes of shark resources of the Atlantis Ocean?
- What is the socio-economic importance of sharks of the Atlantic Ocean?
- What are the biological characteristics of sharks of the Atlantic Ocean?
1.5 Significance Of The Study
The following are the significance of this study:
- Findings from this study will expose the management structure in place for the shark resources in the Atlantic Ocean. It will also reveal the socioeconomic importance and biological characteristics of sharks in the Atlantic Ocean.
- This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in the area of the effect of personality trait on student’s academic performance, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future research in the subject area
1.6 Scope Of The Study
This study will cover the management of shark resources in the Atlantic Ocean. It will also cover the biological characteristics and the socioeconomic importance of sharks of the Atlantic Ocean.
1.7 Limitation Of Study
During the course of this study, there were some problems encountered which stood as limitations to the research work. Some of the limitations include:
- Time Constraint:
The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Financial Constraint:
Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Sustainable Management of the Shark Resources of Atlantic Ocean: Socio-economic and Biological Characteristics of the Fishery can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Sustainable Management of the Shark Resources of Atlantic Ocean: Socio-economic and Biological Characteristics of the Fishery" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “The Role of Insurance Companies in the Development of Nigerian Economy” be used as a guide for Insurance Project?
Yes it can be used — Insurance by nature, is not a modern day concept. It has a development history of so many − centuries. The art of insurance has grown as a result of individual, corporate bodies and government need for the fortunes of lives and business. Therefore, the types and classes of account were those which were expected to show to the venturers, i.e. The owner of business, government and individuals. It is based on this that the researcher, therefore, focused this study on the role of insurance companies in the development of Nigeria economy. Hence, the general objective of the study is aimed at ascertaining the roles which insurance companies plays in the development of Nigerian economy. Thus, in chapter one, retrospective review …
Can the material for “Causes of Low Production of Rubber in Edo State” be used as a guide for Agricultural Engineering (AE) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research study was undertaken with a view to assessing the veracity of rubber production in Ikpoba Okha LGA, Edo State. Several factors were identified as causes of this trend; such as lack of capital, use of old plantations, unavailability of land, price of latex etc. a questionnaires approach was used to obtain data from the farmers in Ikpoba Okha LGA of Edo State. This was subjected to analysis based on stipulated hypothesis drawn from the questionnaires. The result of this analysis showed that lack of capital was not responsible for low production of rubber in Ikpoba Okha LGA. Also, market prices of rubber products had no effect on low rubber production. However, government policies were identified as a cause …
Can this topic “The evaluation of inland transportation and it’s effect on economic growth in Nigeria” be used for Transport Management Technology Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This study was carried out to evaluate the use of inland transportation and its effect on economic growth in Nigeria using Lagos State Waterways Authority. To achieve this objective, four research questions and three research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected with the help of a well-structured questionnaire of two sections administered to staff and management of Lagos State Waterways Authority. The collected data were analyzed with tables and simple percentages to analyze the research questions while Chi-square statistical tool was used to test research hypotheses. The study reveals that there is a significant relationship between the effect of transportation and logistics systems in …
Can this topic “Design and Implementation of a Pharmacy Management System” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This project is insight into the design and implementation of a Pharmacy Management System. The primary aim of is to improve accuracy and enhance safety and efficiency in the pharmaceutical store. Today management is one of the most essential features of all form. Management provides sophistication to perform any kind of task in a particular form. This is pharmacy management system; it is used to manage most pharmacy related activities in the pharmacy. …
Can the material for “Students Perception Towards the Teaching of Sexuality Education in Secondary Schools” be used as a guide for Guidance and Counselling Project?
Yes it can be used — The purpose of this study was to determine whether sexuality education should be inculcated into the secondary school curriculum and at what level of study.. The descriptive survey research method was used for the study. A total of five hundred (500) participants were selected through a simple random sampling technique which comprised the sample population. The research instrument used was a self-developed and validated questionnaire. Five (5) research questions and hypotheses were raised and tested in this study. Data analysis was with descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentages and the inferential statistics chi-Square (X) statistics was used for Hypotheses testing. Results showed that all hypotheses were rejected. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between content of sex education, …
Can the material for “Management of Small Scale Industries” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research studied Management of Pension Schemes in Nigerian Public Service using the Department of Pensions/Establishment Enugu State Public Service, as a case study. The need for the study rose from the poor performance of the schemes which have resulted to a number of problems such as the unwillingness of old workers to relinquish office for the younger generation due to poor pension plans, bribery and corruption in the public service, mismanagement of fund, low moral in work etc. The researcher identified a number of problems, investigated on their origin, sought the advise of experts and came up with a number of recommendation on the lapse found out during the research. Due to the vast nature of pensions management in the Nigeria, …
Can the material for “Influence of Instructional Materials on Students Performance in Christian Religious Studies” be used as a guide for Christian Religious Studies Project?
Yes it can be used — Christian Religious Knowledge (CRK) as known at secondary school level is a subject that has always played an important role in human history. Instructional materials serve as a channel between the teacher and the students in delivering instructions. The study scrutinizes the Influence of Instructional Materials on Students Performance in Christian Religious Studies. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the implementation of the content of CRK at the Junior Secondary Schools in Lagos State District IV and evaluate the implementation of the objectives of CRK at the Junior Secondary Schools in Lagos State District IV. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the …
Can the material for “Macrophyte Distribution in Relation to Water Quality Parameters” be used as a guide for Biology Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to examine the relationship between macrophyte distribution and water quality parameters. Macrophyte Distribution in Relation to Water Quality Parameters in roadside ponds was studied in a seasonal wetland at Mkpat EninLocal Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Systematic sampling method was used in sampling the vegetation using a quadrant of 5mx5m space at regular intervals. The vegetation parameters such as density and frequency were determined. Water sample was also collected at different point in the pond and their physiochemical characteristic were analysed. Ten (10) flora species belonging to 10 families were recorded. Cryptosperma senegalense was the species with the highest richness with density value of (9500±150.63st/ha) and this followed by Nymphea lotus (6000±138.36st/ha). The least density …
Can the material for “The Impact of the Awareness and Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) among Adolescent” be used as a guide for Health Education Project?
Yes it can be used — Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the infections which are mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse. The study was carried out to examine the Impact of the Awareness and Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infection among Adolescent using Warri-South Local Government Area in Delta State, Nigeria as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to investigate the factor pre-disposing adolescents’ sexually transmitted infection, investigate the knowledge adolescents in the area under study possess about the spread of STIs and consider the effect, means of prevention and treatments of sexually transmitted infections in Warri-South Local Government Area of Delta State. Investigation revealed that the causes and effect of STI which causes and disorders of the central nervous …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of an Online File Sharing System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — The file sharing technique used in sharing files among each other with ease, easy to setup, and open-source. The aim of the study is to design and implement an Online File Sharing System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will enable users to easily host, store and backup data, with high-performance computing easy to retrieve, ensure files accessibility without any limiting factor and make file available to the end-user at any point in time. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that users have little control over or even knowledge the type of file being shared, if it contains a virus. Also, …