SCREENING AND ISOLATION OF BACTERIA FROM SOIL WITH POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE ANTIBIOTICS
ABSTRACT
The study scrutinizes the Screening and Isolation of Bacteria from Soil with Potential to Produce Antibiotics. In achieving this aim, the following objectives were laid out to assess the antibiotic producer bacteria from screened soil samples, find out the production process of Antibiotics as a result of Screening and Isolation of Bacteria from soil samples and evaluate the antibiotic producer bacteria from isolated soil samples Antibiotics are chemical substance of small organic molecules which at low amounts are harmful to the metabolic activities and growth of other microbes. Soil is rich in microorganisms which are capable of producing antibiotics. The traditional approach is ‘random screening’ in which bacteria are isolated, grown and their activity spectrum was assessed. The isolates were identified based on their morphology and further confirmed through biochemical tests. Antibiotic producing ability was confirmed by inhibition zones around bacterial colonies. A total of 56 isolates belonging to four different strains of antibiotic producing bacteria were found in different soil samples. Out of these, 30 were Bacillus subtilis, 9 were Bacillus licheniformis, 12 were Streptomyces and 5 were Actinomycetes. A significant number of antibiotic producing bacteria were found in this study. These results suggest that soil isolates, having antibiotic producing capability can be used commercially after proper standardization. This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Antibiotics can be defined as any chemical substance of small organic molecules which at low amounts are harmful to the metabolic activities and growth of other microbes (Brun and Skimkets, 2000). The natural products obtained from microorganisms are still appearing as the most auspicious source of the future antibiotics (Pelaez, 2006). Antibiotics which are mostly in use today are the natural derivatives of fungi and actinomycetes (Tawiah et al., 2012). In nature, there is universal dissemination of antibiotics among the microorganisms responsible for their antagonism (Euanorasetr et al., 2010).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Antibiotics are chemicals when the chemical are put into the body, they stop the growth of kinds of germs. They help the body to fight diseases. More than 3,000 years ago ancient people stumbled over the discovery that some moulds could be used as a cure. There are numbers of bacteria which are capable of producing antibiotics which include Bacillus (Waites et al., 2008), Actinomycetes (Abdulkadir and Waliyu, 2012; Tiwari and Gupta, 2013) Pseudomonas (Cartwright et al., 1995), and Streptomyces (Willey et al., 2008) and most of these isolates are soil bacteria.
Extensive use of antibiotics both for clinical and veterinary purposes leads to the development of resistance in many infectious strains (Kurtboke et al., 1992). With the continuation of this process of resistance, the search for new anti-infective drugs should be carried out (Thakur et al., 2007; Brown and Wright, 2005). In addition to the resistance problem, a number of new infectious diseases have been discovered over the past 30 years (Zimmerman and Zimmerman, 2003; Bryskier, 2005).
Soil is rich in microorganisms which are capable of producing antibiotics (Brun and Skimkets, 2000). The traditional approach is ‘random screening’ in which bacteria are isolated, grown and their activity spectrum was assessed. Even this has been done for more than 50 years still we are getting results in favor to us and thus we are sticking with this approach (Wawrik et al., 2007).
In 1945, Waksman used the word antibiotics for the first time and proposed that it can be defined as a chemical substance of microbial origin that possesses antibiotic powers. He discovered a drug called streptomycin. It originated from microbes found in soil and was a cure for many intestinal diseases. Now antibiotics like penicillin and streptomycin was discovered. Each was effective against certain disease, but scientist wanted more. Doctors however, anted broad spectrum drug. That is a single antibiotic that could cure many diseases. Therefore, this work was carried out to Screen and Isolate Bacteria from Soil with Potential to Produce Antibiotics in Ekiti State, Nigeria
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that a lot of people have died as a result of formation of kidney stones, when taking sulphonamides due to lack of information about the side effect of antibiotics usage.
Due to the problem encountered in Enugu Urban (obiagu), most people abuse antibiotics owing to the general belief that antibiotics can be used in the treatment of all kinds of diseases. This can result to drug resist. Accumulation of these drugs can lead to internal denage. Hence this study which compares the antimicrobial strength of three antibiotics.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of the study is to scrutinize the Screening and Isolation of Bacteria from Soil with Potential to Produce Antibiotics. In achieving this aim, the following objectives were laid out as follows:
- To assess the antibiotic producer bacteria from screened soil samples
- To find out the production process of Antibiotics as a result of Screening and Isolation of Bacteria from soil samples
- To evaluate the antibiotic producer bacteria from isolated soil samples
1.5 Significance of Study
This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.6 Scope of Study
The study focuses on the Screening and Isolation of Bacteria from Soil with Potential to Produce Antibiotics in Nigeria.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
1.8 Definition of Technical Terms
Synergistic: Synergistic is the interaction between two or more substance, it is used to describe things that produce, result from or otherwise involve synergy
Antibiotics: Antibacterial anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or their ability to reproduce. Heat, chemicals such as chlorine, and antibiotic drugs all have antibacterial properties.
Activity: the condition in which things are happening or being done.
Constraint: a limitation or restriction.
Estimate: roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of.
Total: comprising the whole number or amount.
Phenolic: a usually thermosetting resin or plastic made by condensation of a phenol with an aldehyde and used especially for molding and insulating and in coatings and adhesives.
Compound: a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
Methanol: Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol amongst other names, is a chemical and the simplest alcohol. It is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odour similar to that of ethanol.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Screening and Isolation of Bacteria from Soil with Potential to Produce Antibiotics can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Screening and Isolation of Bacteria from Soil with Potential to Produce Antibiotics" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Screening and Isolation of Bacteria from Soil with Potential to Produce Antibiotics" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Working Capital Management and Firms Performance” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This study investigated the relationship between working capital management measured by account receivable period (ACRP), inventory period (INVP), cash conversion cycle (CCC) and sales Growth (SG) and profitability performance measured by returns on assets (ROA). The study utilized secondary data obtained from the annual financial statements of Nigerian Manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for period 2008 – 2012. Multiple regression model were adopted for testing all the hypotheses and the study result reveals that there was a negative significant relationship between the account receivable period and profitability of the Nigerian Manufacturing companies. It also reveals that the profit is significantly influenced by the number of days inventory were held (INVP) and that the profitability performance negatively …
Can the material for “Impacts of Christianity” be used as a guide for Philosophy Project?
Yes it can be used — Christianity as a religion has affected all spheres of life among the people of Nigeria. A careful study of the religious background of the Nnewi people will show that Christianity has found its way into both the urban and rural areas of the Nnewi society. This study is aimed at looking into the relevance of Christianity in the development of the Nnewi nation. For better understanding of the project, a brief introduction to the lifestyle of the Nnewi people prior to the advent of Christianity will also be made. The division of work for this study is as follows:-1 General background study via the aims, methodology and clarification of terms.2 The historical origin and organizational lifestyle of the Nnewi people. …
Can the material for “The Impact of Environmental Resources on Academic Performance of OTM Student in Polytechnics” be used as a guide for Office Technology and Management (OTM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study scrutinizes the Impact of Environmental Resources on Academic Performance of Office Technology and Management Student in Polytechnics in Imo State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the impact of environmental resources on student academic performance, evaluate the extent to which the average students responds to good working environmental resource, measure or determine what constitutes good work environmental resource and analyze true effect imposed by poor environmental resources on Academic Performance of Office Technology and Management Student. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 133 (one hundred and thirty three) respondents were selected for …
Can this topic “Teacher’s Attitudes Towards Females and Technical Education: Implications for Career Guidance and Counselling” be used for Guidance and Counselling Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This paper looked at one aspect of societal attitudes towards vocational education by conducting a survey involving 200 parents in Udu Local Government Area of Delta State. The result of the survey clearly showed that although parents recognize the employment value inherent in vocational education, they are still prepared to accept the superiority of socially prestigious and white-collar professions over technical related occupations. Simple percentages and frequencies were used to obtain data for this study. The paper concluded by examining the implications of these findings for guidance and counselling services in Nigeria. …
Can the material for “An Assessment of Public Relations Strategies in the Nigeria Financial Institutions” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The research work titled an assessment of public relations strategies in the Nigerian financial institution which focused on UBA bank Gboko is aimed at evaluating the duty of public relations in the banking sector which the researcher employed some research method in explaining the method which the research is been carried out. Public Relations is the art and social science of analyzing trends, predicting their organizational consequences, counseling management and implementing planned programme of action which will serve both the organization and its publics. It is in this light that United Bank for Africa of Nigeria Plc as an organization needs to adopt and implement public relations strategies which is also the role of public relations in building a favorable image for …
Is the topic “Geographical Analysis of Utilization and Access of Renewable Energy” recommended for Geography Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Renewable energy is defined as energy that is collected from natural resources. Recently there has been growing interest in renewable energy and it has become one of the main sources of energy generation. The aim of the study is to perform a Geographical Analysis of Access and Utilization of Renewable Energy in Kankiya Town, Kaduna State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the current energy situation in Kankiya Town, evaluate the energy situation in Kankiya Town and the current demand for electricity, identify the renewable energy potential and most especially solar energy and its applications in Kankiya Town, carry out market research of Kankiya Town and find out possible business prospect for Renewable …
Can the material for “The Role of Central Bank of Nigeria in the Regulation of Nigeria Economy Through Monetary Policy” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was done to ascertain the role of Central Bank of Nigeria plays in the regulation of Nigerian economy using the monetary policy. Among the goals of economic stabilization the most important is to achieve full employment, price stability, balance of payments and exchange rate stability, hence the regulation of the economy using monetary policy. To solve the research problem, primary and secondary data were collected. The research instrument used in collecting the data were the questionnaires and oral interview. The respondents comprised of the top business executions both private and public servants. The population of the study and the population sample is 100 and 80 respectively. The researcher employed statistical techniques of simple percentage frequency to analyze the data …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Electronic Learning Platform for an Introduction to Visual Basic .Net Programming Language” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Electronic Learning is a web-based environment that allows students to participate in live teaching and learning events without the need to travel. The aim of the study is to develop an E-Learning Platform for an Introduction to Visual Basic .Net Programming Language. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design an application that will, provide alternative way of attaining education, facilitate the development of information technology, enhance examination and certification of students thereby improving the standard of education, reveal the use and technology of wireless network to the user, proffer solution to students whom because of nearness to institute and are unable to acquire knowledge that they need, and provide students easier way …
Can this topic “Availability of Qualified Teachers in Effective Teaching and Learning of Christian Religious Studies in Public Schools” be used for Christian Religious Studies / Tiv Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Christian Religious Studies (CRS) forms part of the basic national curriculum for Junior Secondary Schools this may be a surprising fact but it has come up to be the truth and nothing but the truth. The aim of the study is to examine the Availability of Qualified Teachers in Effective Teaching and Learning of Christian Religious Studies in Public Schools. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to ascertain the impact of non availability of qualified teachers in teaching of CRS, ascertain the relationship between qualified teachers in CRS and academic performance of student, and ascertain the role play by the CRS in the life of a student. The research design used in this report is …
Can this topic “Design and Implementation of a Cloud / Web Based Point of Sales (POS) System” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The global community especially the technologically advanced world is striving to attain what has been the global information age. It is an age that is envisaged to go beyond the use of computers as a mere tool for fast information processing, rather they will also become medium for processing and transferring such information from one location to another at equal fast rate. As a result, it’s appalling that sales in developing country like Nigeria have not been able to benefit much from this revolutionized age of Information technology especially in the area of computerized Sales. A computerized sale management and control system is a computer program which takes the best out of a manual system and electronic cash registers features. An …