ROAD PAVEMENT FAILURE AND ITS IMPLICATION ON TRAFFIC CAPACITY
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Road pavement failure can be defined as the failure of the constructed layer of durable material of specified thickness, usually of concrete, asphalt or bituminous materials assigned to carry wheeled vehicles. Due to the number of load passing through a pavement structure, some deflection of the surface and underlying layers occur. The deflection can be as a result of the excess load, poor material usage, and poor road foundation resulting from the nature of the soil or groundwater rise in the area of high groundwater level. If layers are lacking in strength, repeated applications causes roughening and cracking that ultimately lead to failure of the pavement structure.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Road pavement construction has experienced many significant problems mainly in sub-base and base design and construction over the years in this country (Nigeria). Road pavement construction has experienced many significant problems mainly in sub-base and base design and construction over the years in this country (Nigeria). Nowadays, many billions of Naira are spent on road construction and maintenance each year, and road transport in the primary method of mobility for Nigeria people or goods, Transport constitutes about 10% of the gross national product of the Nigerian union and more than 80% of the total transport of people and goods is provided the infrastructure. Investment in road construction and maintenance in Nigeria is therefore at a very high level and any improvement can have a significant effect on the Nigeria economy. Not only will well maintained roads and highway contribute economically, for they are also essential for social development of Nigeria. On the other, the deterioration of roads can have serious consequence for the safety and comfort of roads user.
In construction of highway, generally the roads are not designed to last forever. It is been designed to serve some purpose for a specific time. As it can be seen in engineering work, the life span of a road is always an important factor that must be taken into consideration as one of the criteria for the construction. This really depends on the factors like construction procedure and consideration, the soil water relationship, quality of workmanship during the construction and the type of maintenance culture adopted. Many roads (Highway mostly) are seen widely as attaining the state of failure and show signs of distress before the expected life span used for construction is reach, due to the lack of factors such as lack of maintenance culture etc. many of our road today serve as death trap and hang out for hoodlums going by the number of accident recorded daily on them as a result of bad paved road.
In many countries premature break-down especially of low volume asphalt roads, is an accelerating problem increasing traffic and traffic roads demand higher performance levels from pavement if premature rutting and cracking is to be avoided. At the same time climate change means that highway are likely to be exposed to more rain and to greater thermally induced cracking that can lead the run-off into the structure. Once in the pavement or embankment, plays a primary role in giving shorter service life and in increasing the needs of rehabilitation measures.
Therefore, in Ogbese/Akure Junction, Akure Owo Highway where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Road Pavement Failure and Its Implication on Traffic Capacity.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that the problem of premature pavement failures in the study area has necessitated the need for further research to ascertain remote causes and means of improving pavement strength in the region. The compounded presence of water coming out at a particular points on the road surface poor material and workmanship and pressure from increasing traffic capacities on the road pavement of which the government is making provision for overhead bridge which is currently in construction and it is found out that most at a point, the pavement bituminous material on the road have disappear.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to determine the Road Pavement Failure and Its Implication on Traffic Capacity using Ogbese/Akure Junction, Akure Owo Highway as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To investigate contaminants leaching from soils natural aggregate and by productivity and moisture condition;
- To ascertain the factors that is likely lead to the failure of Akure Owo Highway on traffic capacity;
- To examine the implication of road pavement failure on traffic capacity; and
- To investigate the primary cause of roads pavement failure on the structural stability of sub-base and base course of typical flexible pavement at Ogbese/Akure Junction, Akure Owo Highway.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What are the contaminants leaching from soils natural aggregate and by productivity and moisture condition?
- What is the implication of road pavement failure on traffic capacity?
- What are the factors that likely lead to the failure of Akure Owo Highway on traffic capacity?
- What is the primary cause of roads pavement failure on the structural stability of sub-base and base course of typical flexible pavement at Ogbese/Akure Junction, Akure Owo Highway?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H0: There are no significant factors that is likely lead to the failure of Ogbese/Akure Junction, Akure Owo Highway on traffic capacity
- H1: There are significant factors that is likely lead to the failure of Ogbese/Akure Junction, Akure Owo Highway on traffic capacity
1.7 Significance of Study
The study will broadly provide information on the actual traffic volume and the capacity of traffic and will help in used for possible traffic planning and design. It shall lead in proper construction of highway and remedy that will possible give a lasting solution and reduction in road failures.
This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.8 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the Road Pavement Failure and Its Implication on Traffic Capacity using Ogbese/Akure Junction, Akure Owo Highway as a case study.
1.9 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
1.10 Definition of Terms
Pavement Failure: Pavement failure can be defined as the failure of the constructed layer of durable material of specified thickness, usually of concrete, asphalt or bituminous materials assigned to carry wheeled vehicles.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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