RESTORING DAMAGED CORAL REEFS USING MASS CORAL LARVAL RESEEDING
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Reef corals are critically important because they build the primary reef framework, supply essential habitats for thousands of fish and other species, and provide direct energy and other nutrient inputs to the ecosystem (Gardner et al, 2003). But the loss of substantial live coral cover on reefs — fundamentally through overfishing, eutrophication and other disturbances arising from human activity — has seriously disrupted their ecology. Continued human pressures on damaged reefs leads to further reef decline and ecosystem collapse. But this situation may be alleviated through mass reseeding with coral larvae. The aim of this study is to quantify the effectiveness of mass larval reseeding to restore damaged coral communities on reefs in Nigeria, and to use this assessment as a case study for future global reef restoration management strategies.
The continuous degradation of coral reef ecosystems on a global level, the disheartening expectations of a gloomy future for reefs’ statuses, the failure of traditional conservation acts to revive most of the degrading reefs and the understanding that it is unlikely that future reefs will return to historic conditions, all call for novel management approaches. Among the most effective approaches is the “mass coral larval reseeding” concept of active reef restoration, centered, as in silviculture, on a two-step restoration process (nursery and transplantation). In the almost two decades that passed from its first presentation, the “mass coral larval reseeding” tenet was tested in a number of coral reefs worldwide, revealing that it may reshape coral reef communities (and associated biota) in such a way that novel reef ecosystems with novel functionalities that did not exist before are developed (Chen et al, 2011).
Factors such as such as elevation of seawater temperature, extreme weather events, ocean acidification and intensifying tropical storms that cause, for example, enhanced frequency and intensity of mass coral bleaching has directly or indirectly influence coral survival, coral growth rates, reproduction efforts, larval development and settlement, and post-settlement survivorship/development of corals, damaging reef ecosystems’ health and resilience and reducing species abundance.
Graham et al (2014) further attests to the decimation of key reef-building coral populations, to a dramatic shrinkage in global reef structural complexity and that many reefs experience phase shift phenomena in addition to reefs that are continuously changing in unprecedented ways towards new ecosystem configurations and novel reef compositions that did not exist before. As the major emerging sources of global reef degradation, such as coral bleaching, seawater acidification impacts and coral diseases, interact synergistically and also in concert with local/regional anthropogenic specific stressors, among them pollution, eutrophication, sedimentation, coastal development and overfishing, augmentation of existing climate change impacts is anticipated. Large-scale rearing of coral larvae during mass spawning events and subsequent direct introduction of competent larvae onto denuded reefs (larval seeding) has been proposed as a low-tech and affordable way of enhancing coral settlement and hence recovery of degraded reefs.
While some studies have shown positive short-term effects on settlement, to date, none have examined the long-term effects of larval seeding for a broadcast-spawning coral. However, this study will test whether mass larval reseeding significantly increases coral recruitment rates both in the short and longer term towards restoring damaged coral reefs. Mass coral larval reseeding plays a critical role in the persistence and resilience of reef coral populations (Richmond 1997) but its relative importance in coral population and community dynamics can vary according to species, habitat and reef location (Connell et al. 1997). Recent data indicate quite different patterns of reseeding and post-reseeding mortality occurring in reef crest coral communities along the length of the reef (Hughes et al. 1999). Characterizing the site-specific nature of processes and mechanisms influencing the arrival and survival of corals onto reefs is necessary for sound reef management.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
Globally, coral reef ecosystems throughout the tropics have been progressively damaged in the last century by a wide range of direct anthropogenic pressures, including over-exploitation, physical destruction, pollution, eutrophication, sediment loads from agricultural and urbanized terrestrial catchments and coastal development.
On top of that, the last few decades have seen exacerbated sways of climate-change associated impacts, such as elevation of seawater temperature, extreme weather events, ocean acidification and intensifying tropical storms that cause a number of damage to coral reefs. However, this study seeks to examine how these damaged reefs can be restored using mass coral larval reseeding.
1.3 Aim and Objectives Of The Study
The aim of the study is to examine the process of restoring damaged coral reefs using mass coral larval reseeding. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To identify the factors causing damages to coral reefs.
- To examine the process of restoration of damaged coral reefs using mass coral larval reseeding.
- To examine other ways by which damaged coral reefs can be restored.
1.4 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What are the factors causing damages to coral reefs?
- What are the processes involved in the restoration of damaged coral reefs using mass coral larval reseeding?
- What are the other ways by which damaged coral reefs can be restored?
1.5 Statement of Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H0: Damaged coral reefs cannot be restored using mass coral larval reseeding.
- H1: Damaged coral reefs can be restored using mass coral larval reseeding.
1.6 Significance Of The Study
Based on the importance of coral reefs to the production and development in fisheries industry, findings from this study will reveal how mass larval reseeding can be used to restore damaged coral reefs.
This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in the area of the effect of personality trait on student’s academic performance, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future research in the subject area.
1.7 Scope Of The Study
This study will cover the larval reseeding ponds specifically designed to enhance the survival of coral larval.
1.8 Limitation Of Study
During the course of this study, there were some problems encountered which stood as limitations to the research work. Some of the limitations include:
- Time Constraint:
The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Financial Constraint:
Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Restoring Damaged Coral Reefs Using Mass Coral Larval Reseeding can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Restoring Damaged Coral Reefs Using Mass Coral Larval Reseeding" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can this topic “Difference in Wages and Salaries Structure in the Nigeria Economic” be used for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This study seeks to evaluate the difference in wages and salaries structure in the Nigeria economy (As case study of UNTH health sector) UNIT health sector every day the problem of a functional wage and salary burdens the government the employers and the employers in both the public and salary questions are the most important of all items in any economy. not only do they come to most frequently they also take more number of disputes this leads to a conflict of interest because while wages are cost to the employer they are income to the workers (employed) The Important Of Studying The Area This research study into the difference in wage and salary structure in the Nigeria economy. a case study of …
Is the topic “Impact of Retention of Employee on Organisational Success” recommended for Education Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The study was motivated by the need to investigate the impact of retention of employee on organisational success in Lagos state Ministry of education. Forty staff were randomly selected for the study. Data on the impact of retention of employee on organisational success were collected from the sampled staff with questionnaire instrument designed to elicit relevant responses. The analysis of data was based on frequency count with simple percentages and Chi-square (X2) statistical method. Descriptive survey design was employed for the study. The findings of the study revealed retention of employee has a great influence on the organizational success. It was also found that condusive working environment has a strong on the performance of an organization. Organisations with highly motivated employee, …
Can the material for “Effects of Construction Stimulation Teaching Strategy on Students Achievement and Retention” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — This study investigated the effect of teachers’ use of constructive simulation on students’ achievement and retention in Christian Religious Studies in secondary schools, in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State. The study also considered the influence of gender on students’ academic achievement and retention. The achievement and retention ability of students taught with constructive simulation were compared with that of students taught with conventional lecture method. The study was guided by six research questions, and six hypotheses. A quasi-experimental design, specifically, pre test post-test control group design involving four intact classes were employed. The population comprised of 2,170 JS3 CRS students of 12 State Government co-educational secondary schools in Awka South Local Government Area. A sample of 174 JS3 …
Is the topic “Computerized Integrated Multimedia Tourism System” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Multimedia Geographic Information System consists of integration of GIS with multimedia, and it is the presentation of GIS data in multimedia. Tourism can be defined as getting to know the World, seeing different places and tasting different flavors. The aim of the study is to Design and Implement of an Integrated Multimedia Tourism System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop an application software that will: handle the process involve in conducting tourism information management, produce a comprehensive thematic map, provide multimedia information about tourist sites, and provide references for the tourism development. The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which is …
Is the topic “The Impact of Irregular Payment of Workers Salary on Productivity in Imo State” recommended for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The study was carried out to examine the Impact of Irregular Payment of Workers Salary on Productivity in Imo State using Owerri Municipal as a case study. Investigation revealed that employees have a reputation for being ineffective, particularly when they are underpaid. As a result, the majority of government parastatals are seen as useless. Irregular payment of workers salary has often been a controversial issue in the Owerri Municipal Council. Indeed success in labour compensation management efficiency. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data …
Can the material for “Perceived Impact of Smartphones in News Gathering Process among Journalists” be used as a guide for Mass Communication (MC) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was conducted to ascertain the Perceived Impact of Smartphones in News Gathering Process among Journalists. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to find out the journalists’ perceived ease of use of a smartphone in news gathering activities and investigate the factors that inhibit the use of a smartphone as an information gathering tool among journalists. News media have ended up journalistic vocabulary and it appears sourcing data has overwhelmed self advancement as an essential social action. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 180 (one hundred and eighty) respondents were selected for this study to …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Virtual Classroom for Nomadic Students” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Virtual classroom for nomadic students is a web-based environment that allows students to participate in live teaching and learning events without the need to travel. The aim of the study is to develop a Virtual Classroom for Nomadic Students. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design an application that will, provide alternative way of attaining education, facilitate the development of information technology, enhance examination and certification of students thereby improving the standard of education, reveal the use and technology of wireless network to the user, proffer solution to students whom because of nearness to institute and are unable to acquire knowledge that they need, and provide students easier way to acquire any …
Can the material for “Instructional Materials, Provision, Utilization and Nursery Pupils’ Performance in English Language in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State” be used as a guide for English Language Project?
Yes it can be used — English Language is the language of instruction in Nigeria’s educational system. It is therefore important that it is properly taught in schools. This study was designed to assess the impact of provision and utilization of instructional materials on performance of public nursery pupils in English Language in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. Four research questions were raised and three hypotheses were formulated. A sample of one hundred and twenty (120) teachers were randomly selected from the twenty (20) sampled primary schools in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. Data analysis was carried out using chi-square of independence for the hypothesis and simple percentages for the research questions. The result showed that provision of instructional materials to …
Can this topic “The Impact of Insurance Companies in the Development of an Economy” be used for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The research work conducted in the project topic title “The Impact of insurance Companies in Economic Development of an Economy”, has achieved the objectives of carrying out the study, which are:- To establish the impact of the insurance companies have made and likely to make in future, the growth and stability of the nations economy and also areas where the insurance industry has failed in its noble objectives and make recommendation for improvements for better services of the industry. It has looked into the impact of insurance service to developing economy of Nigeria . And also the contributions of insurance services to the buyer of insurance products or its benefits to the purchases of these produce such as life assurance product motor …
Can the material for “Impact of Efficient Inventory Management in Hospitality Industries” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — As the topic states “The impact of effective inventory management in a hospitality industry” one will then assay that impromptu, manufacturing / hospitality industries, face a lot of inventory management problems. This is the around head of what the researcher tried to bring to force, to examine and analyze the possible causes to this problem. The writer also defined the concept “Inventory management” and traced its origin and usage of methods applicable to its effective management. A step was also taken to suggest solutions by making constructive recommendations aimed at addressing the raised. Some of the problems associated with inventory management are unavailability of raw materials; determination of optimum level of stock, as well as discrepancy between policy and practice …