RAIN SENSING HANDS FREE UMBRELLA BAG
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
An umbrella is a folding canopy (overhead roof) supported by metal or wooden ribs that is usually mounted on a wooden, metal or plastic pole. It is designed to protect a person against sunlight and rain. Umbrellas and parasols are primarily hand-held portable devices sized for personal use. The largest hand-portable umbrellas are golf umbrellas. Umbrellas can be divided into two categories: Fully collapsible umbrellas, in which the metal pole supporting the canopy retracts, making the umbrella small enough to fit in a handbag and non-collapsible umbrellas, in which the support pole cannot retract and only the canopy can be collapsed. In summer season temperature of the atmosphere rises to high level and it’s not bear able. People are looking out for shady places because sun’s temperature is so high. Temperature in summer days is normally above 35°C so there is need of a system which provides shadow.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
An automated umbrella means that it works flawlessly. In 1928, Hans Haupt invented the pocket umbrella. In Vienna, Hans Haupt was a student studying sculpture when she developed a prototype for an improved compact foldable umbrella for which she received a patent in September 1929. The umbrella was made by an Austrian company. In Germany, the small foldable umbrellas were made by the company Knirps. At the US University of central Florida students worked on automated umbrella. They designed an automated umbrella that worked with the help of a control system. The umbrella canopies of the 1600's were woven out of silk, which provided limited water resistance when compared to today’ s rain umbrellas, but the distinct canopy shape was unchanged from the earliest documented designs., even rain umbrellas were still considered a product only for distinguished women, while men facing ridicule if they were seen with one. Hanway came up and took the rain umbrella on the streets of London in 1750. Infect, in the late 1700’s and early 1800’s, a "Hanway" evolved to become another name for a rain umbrella (Vaghela et al., 2017). Through the 1800’s until the present time, the materials used to make rain umbrellas have evolved, but the same basic canopy shape remains. One of the most important discoveries came in the early 1850s, when Samuel Fox took the idea of using "U" molded metal rods on the ribs and stretcher to make a simple, stronger frame. Previously, English umbrellas were made of cane or whalebones.
Modern umbrellas are made by a hand-assembled process that, with the exception of a few sensitive areas, can be made by skilled workers. First, a shaft - whether of wood, metal, or fiberglass - is made and the ribs and tails are attached. Next, the nylon canopy is hand- stitched in sections. They were large and unpopular. Ribs and stretchers are often seen only today on parasols and patio umbrellas. Advances in metal technology have made round metal ribs and holes easily accessible, but some manufacturers are producing umbrellas with these features. Current rain umbrellas are made of fabrics (nylon, most commonly) that are resistant to rain that draws, dries quickly, folds easily and is available in a variety of colors and designs. Whalebones have been replaced with wood, then steel, aluminum and now fiberglass to manufacture the shaft and ribs and now-a- days nylon fabrics have replaced silks, leaves and feathers as a more weatherproof option (Martinec, 2011; Portis Jr. and Hampton, 2013).
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to design a Rain Sensing Hands Free Umbrella Bag.
1.3 Statement of Problems
The problem associated with umbrellas is that it needs to be carried separately along with other stuff and it occupies one hand all the time. Also umbrellas are to be kept separately in buckets which leads to people forgetting about umbrella in many cases and losing them.
The problem identified in previous model was for the continuous power supply so our designed model can be installed anywhere. It could be possibly access to renewable source of energy like sunlight which is cheaper and cleaner source of energy. The problem associated with the proper design of the umbrella which can be possibly be made portable and easy to use is also there and other components with that which are to be protected from the extreme weather conditions. The design proposed for many systems uses retractable roof of wooden which can possibly be damaged by rain so proper material selection has to be done for longer life (Reddy et al., 2018).
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to design and construct a Rain Sensing Hands Free Umbrella Bag. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To design a rain sensing hand free umbrella which can reduce human effort due to its functionality and can target the market due to its unique design
- To construct a hand free umbrella that is really sensitive in the incidences of rain and sunlight at domestic and market level.
1.5 Significance of Study
This research is important in modern society at risk of rainfall and wind without coverage in place. it is a cost-effective way of providing automated controlled shade from high intensity sunlight and rain. This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.6 Scope of Study
The study focuses on the design and construction of a Rain Sensing Hands Free Umbrella Bag.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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