PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT MINERAL CONTENT OF SOYA BEANS SEED
ABSTRACT
The study examines the Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Mineral Content of Soya Beans Seed. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to: identify the Proximate Nutrients and Energy Composition of Soya Beans Seed, determine the Mineral Concentrations of the Flour Sample of Soya Beans Seed and analyze the minerals and proximate content of soya bean in order to explore its nutritional values in human and animal diets. The standard procedures were followed to analyse the proximate compositions and mineral concentrations of soya bean flour. The caloric value was calculated from crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate, moisture and ash content. The Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and cadmium (Cd) were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), sodium ((Na) by Flame Spectrophotometer and phosphorus (P) by Spectrophotometer. The result revealed that soya bean contained 37.69% of protein, 28.20% of crude fat, 4.29% of ash, 8.07% of moisture, 5.44% of fibre, 16.31% of carbohydrate. The mineral determination showed that soya bean contained 300.36 mg/100 g of Calcium, 258.24 mg/100 g of Magnesium, 16.4 mg/100 g of Iron, 3.0 mg/100 g of Sodium, 2.7 mg/100 g of Zinc, 695.20 mg/ 100 g of Phosphorus, 469.80 kCal/100 g while Cadmium was below detectable range. This study concluded that the tested soya bean seed contained the highest amount of protein and lowest amount of ash. This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Soybean is a farm crop that belongs to the family of legumes. It is scientifically called (Glycine Max (L) Merrill). It is an annual herbaceous plant which is bushy, erect and with leafy plant structure. Its height is 40 – 100cm. It is believed that soybean has been part of the history of China for about 5,000 years, but now the production of soybean is circulating to different parts of the world.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
The soya bean seed is the richest in food value of all plant foods consumed in the world (Kure et al., 1998). It is used in the production of bread as composite flour (Dhingra et al., 2002). Soya bean is used by leading infant food manufacturers in the country because of its high nutritional value. Soya bean is also processed into flour and its oil is used in local paint, cosmetics and soap making industries (IITA, 1990). Soya bean is consumed in Nigeria as soya milk, the cake is used for livestock feeding and the flour is added to pap as food for infant and children. Food insufficiency and malnutrition have been the major problem of the developing countries, including Nigeria. Any approach to help fight this problem will go a long way in pushing the wheel of development in our country. Plant protein products are gaining increased interest as ingredients in food systems throughout many parts of the world; the success of utilizing plant proteins as additives depends greatly upon the favourable characteristics that they impact to food (Adebowale et al., 2005). Plants proteins are now regarded as versatile functional ingredients or as biologically active components more than as essential nutrients in the developed countries (Marcello, 1997). Plant food diets increase the level of fibre intake which reduces the risk of bowel diseases (Sirtori et al., 2001). The partial replacement of animal foods with legumes is claimed to improve overall nutritional status (Guillon et al., 1996). A large variety of oilseeds and pulses, including cowpeas, groundnuts, pigeon peas and melon seeds grow well in Nigeria. Soya bean (Glycine max) has recently become popular in the West African sub-region due to their high protein content. It is an annual leguminous crop and is grown to provide food for humans, feeds for animals and raw materials for industries (Abbey et al., 2001). Soya bean is also of particular interest as a vegetable protein source because of its cholesterol- lowering abilities in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinamia (Mitchel, 1993). Soya bean is also rich in minerals and vitamins such as iron, zinc, copper, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid (McArthur et al., 1988). Most of these minerals and vitamins are well-known hematinic and are essential in the formation of red blood cells (Singh et al., 2000).
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Mineral Content of Soya Beans Seed.
1.3 Statement of Problems
The study reveals the following problems associated with the Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Mineral Content of Soya Beans Seed research work which entails that;
- Soya beans has certain anti-nutritional factors which may inhibit the availability of the desired nutrients,
- It has several fungus or bacteria which is harmful to the body system during meal intake.
- Soya beans seed has protein deficiency which is harmful to the body if not controlled or prevented.
- A lot of people have been found heal due to fungus presence in soya beans.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to examine the Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Mineral Content of Soya Beans Seed. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To identify the Proximate Nutrients and Energy Composition of Soya Beans Seed
- To determine the Mineral Concentrations of the Flour Sample of Soya Beans Seed
- To analyze the minerals and proximate content of soya bean in order to explore its nutritional values in human and animal diets.
1.5 Significance of Study
This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.6 Scope of Study
The study focuses on the Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Mineral Content of Soya Beans Seed.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
1.8 Definition of Terms
Soya bean: a small bean grown originally in Asia, used as a food for people and animals.
Fungus: any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.
Bacteria: a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.
Isolation: the process or fact of isolating or being isolated.
Identification: the action or process of identifying someone or something or the fact of being identified.
Species: a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. The species is the principal natural taxonomic unit, ranking below a genus and denoted by a Latin binomial, e.g. Homo sapiens.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- â‹®
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Mineral Content of Soya Beans Seed" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- â‹®
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Mineral Content of Soya Beans Seed" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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