PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF THE CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM PLANT (SCENT LEAF)
ABSTRACT
Since ages, many plants have been used for preservative and medicinal purposes due to the presence of secondary metabolites referred as Phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are biologically active plant compounds having disease hampering capabilities and preservative action. The genus Ocimumcontains more than 200 species of herbs and shrubs which have been shown to have medicinal properties and also are used as a culinary herb, preservative and flavoring agents. In this study chloroform extracts from the leaves of Ocimumgratissimum was investigated for their phytochemical constituent (both quantitative and qualitative) and antioxidant activity. GCMS analysis was carried out to ascertain the specific amount and specific active component present in the leaf sample.
The extract was screened for the presence of phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and Saponins. The test results were positive for all the phytochemicals,saponin and phytosterols which were absent qualitatively. The antioxidant activity was measured by the ferric reducing power assay, estimation of total flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenols. The GC-MS analysis of the leaf sample suggested the presence ofthymol, alpha-carophyllene, phenol etc. The present investigation suggests that the phytochemical contents and antioxidant properties can be further studied for its application in health and in food industries. In addition, this plant can be used as a source of novel drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
… This chapter will address the background information that motivated this study, the challenges that prompted it, its aim, and its objectives as a preface to subsequent sections of the study. Additional factors include the study's significance, scope, limitations, research questions and hypotheses, and the definition of technical terms.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Ocimum Gratissimum
- 1.2 Phytochemical
- 1.3 Classes of phytochemicals
- 1.3.1 Alkaloids
- 1.3.2 Flavonoids
- 1.3.3 Saponin
- 1.3.4 Tannin
- 1.3.5 Terpenes
- 1.3.6 Phenolics
- 1.4 Mechanism of action of phytochemicals
- 1.4.1 Anti-oxidant
- 2.0 Literature Review2.1 Plant material collection and identification
- 2.2 Apparatus used
- 2.3 Chemicals and reagents
- 2.4 Preparation of plant extract
- 2.5 Qualitative phytochemical screening
- 2.5.1 Test for Alkaloids(Wagner's test)
- 2.5.2 Test for Saponin (Froth test)
- 2.5.3 Test for Tannin
- 2.5.4 Test for Flavonoids
- 2.5.5 Test for Phytosterols
- 2.5.6 Test for Phenols
- 2.6 Quantitative analysis and Anti-oxidant activity of O.gratissimum
- 2.6.1 Estimation of total flavonoids
- 2.6.1.1 Preparation of sample
- 2.6.1.2 Preparation of quercetinstandard calibration curve
- 2.6.2 Determination of tannins concentration
- 2.6.2.1 Preparation of sample
- 2.6.2.2 Preparation of tannic acid standard calibration curve
- 2.6.3 Determination of total Phenol content
- 2.6.3.1 Preparation of sample
- 2.6.3.2 Preparation of gallic acid standard
- 2.6.4 Determination of Saponin concentration
- 2.6.5 Determination of Alkaloid concentration
- 2.6.6 Ferric Reducing Power Assay
- 2.8 Gas Chromatography- Mass SpectrometryCHAPTER THREE
- 3.0 RESULTS
- 3.1 Qualitative phytochemical screening of O.gratissimum
- 3.2 Quantitative/anti-oxidant analysis of O. Gratissimum
- 3.2.1 Total flavonoid content
- 3.2.2 Total tannin content
- 3.2.3 Total Phenol content
- 3.2.4 Total saponin content
- 3.2.5 Total alkaloid content
- 3.1.3 Reducing power assay
- 3.2 GC-MS analysis
- 4.0 Discussion, conclusion and recommendation
- 4.1 Discussion
- 4.2 Conclusion
- 4.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX.
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of the Chloroform Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum Plant (Scent Leaf)" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Ocimum Gratissimum
- 1.2 Phytochemical
- 1.3 Classes of phytochemicals
- 1.3.1 Alkaloids
- 1.3.2 Flavonoids
- 1.3.3 Saponin
- 1.3.4 Tannin
- 1.3.5 Terpenes
- 1.3.6 Phenolics
- 1.4 Mechanism of action of phytochemicals
- 1.4.1 Anti-oxidant
- 2.0 Literature Review2.1 Plant material collection and identification
- 2.2 Apparatus used
- 2.3 Chemicals and reagents
- 2.4 Preparation of plant extract
- 2.5 Qualitative phytochemical screening
- 2.5.1 Test for Alkaloids(Wagner's test)
- 2.5.2 Test for Saponin (Froth test)
- 2.5.3 Test for Tannin
- 2.5.4 Test for Flavonoids
- 2.5.5 Test for Phytosterols
- 2.5.6 Test for Phenols
- 2.6 Quantitative analysis and Anti-oxidant activity of O.gratissimum
- 2.6.1 Estimation of total flavonoids
- 2.6.1.1 Preparation of sample
- 2.6.1.2 Preparation of quercetinstandard calibration curve
- 2.6.2 Determination of tannins concentration
- 2.6.2.1 Preparation of sample
- 2.6.2.2 Preparation of tannic acid standard calibration curve
- 2.6.3 Determination of total Phenol content
- 2.6.3.1 Preparation of sample
- 2.6.3.2 Preparation of gallic acid standard
- 2.6.4 Determination of Saponin concentration
- 2.6.5 Determination of Alkaloid concentration
- 2.6.6 Ferric Reducing Power Assay
- 2.8 Gas Chromatography- Mass SpectrometryCHAPTER THREE
- 3.0 RESULTS
- 3.1 Qualitative phytochemical screening of O.gratissimum
- 3.2 Quantitative/anti-oxidant analysis of O. Gratissimum
- 3.2.1 Total flavonoid content
- 3.2.2 Total tannin content
- 3.2.3 Total Phenol content
- 3.2.4 Total saponin content
- 3.2.5 Total alkaloid content
- 3.1.3 Reducing power assay
- 3.2 GC-MS analysis
- 4.0 Discussion, conclusion and recommendation
- 4.1 Discussion
- 4.2 Conclusion
- 4.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX.
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of the Chloroform Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum Plant (Scent Leaf)" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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