PHYSICO CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF WELL WATER WITH OWO METROPOLIS

ABSTRACT

Water is one of the indispensable resources for the continued existence of all living things including man. The provision of an adequate supply of safe drinking water was one of the eight components of primary health care identified by the International Conference on Primary Health care in 1978. This study investigated the Physico Chemical Characteristics and Microbial Analysis of Well Water with Owo Metropolis, Nigeria. A total of five Well water collected around Owo Metropolis premises where examined for registration number, manufacturing date, expiry date and net volume (cl). Physiochemical analysis carried out showed that these Well waters where in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) Standard. The Well waters cultured on bacteriological media showed the presence of coliform bacteria and other pathogenic bacteria. The bacteria isolate form the water samples are; Salmonella species, Coliform species, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter species. Results showed that 100% of the packaged water samples examined were either untreated or produced under unhygienic conditions. High aerobic colony counts in the order of 106 were recorded from all of the samples examined. The findings show that 90% of packed pure water sold in the country are not fit for human consumption and are hazardous to health. This calls for urgent attention by regulatory bodies and law enforcement agencies in the country.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Production and sale of water in Nigeria, is presently a lucrative business, therefore many people are involved in the production and marketing of the product. Water is one of the most important as well as one of the most abundant compound on earth, and is vital to the survival of any organism (Tortora et al., 2002).Water in nature is seldom totally pure. Rainfall is contaminated as it falls to earth (Ajewole, 2005). The combustion of fossil fuel put sulphur compounds as being responsible for pollution of rain water by precipitation (Edema et al., 2001).

However, water that moves below the ground surface undergoes natural filtration that removes most organisms. For this reason, water from springs and deep wells are generally of better quality than flowing water. Water related diseases continue to be one of the major health issue globally. The high revalence of diarrhoea among children and infants can be traced to the use of unsafe water and unhygienic practices (Omalu et al., 2010). The most dangerous form of water pollution occur when fecal contaminants like Escherichia coli enter the water supply and also through the fecal-oral routes of transmission. Microbial contaminants in water supply are the sources of many diseases such as typhoid fever, cholera, bacillary dysentery and so on.

Examples of such microbial contaminants are Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.,Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli (Edema et al.,2001; Tortora et al., 2002). Various opportunistic pathogens that occur naturally in the environment may cause disease in humans. Those who are at greater risk of infection are infants and young children, people whose immune system is suppressed, the sick and the elderly. In such individuals, drinking water containing large numbers of opportunistic pathogens can occasionally produce infections.

Examples of such opportunistic pathogens are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Areomonas spp., and certain slow growing Mycobacterium (WHO, 2001) in Nigeria, the National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration Control (NAFDAC) in association with the World Health Organization (WHO, 2001) has the responsibility of regulating the standard of drinking water. The agency has published guidelines for the production of sachet- packaged drinking water. Unfortunately most producers do not adhere to these guidelines (Onemano et al., 2003). Thus, this work is aimed at assessing the microbiological quality of sachet packaged water in three Local government areas in Ibadan.

1.2 Statement of Problem

Challenges in setting up potable water supplies for communities have been a matter under discussion. Most cited reasons range from poor quality of borehole water, high seepage rates of water pans, and seasonality of streams (Hazra, 2013). Sustainability of existing water projects has also proved difficult owing to poor management systems. Worse enough, prevailing poor sanitation conditions pose the greatest threat to water points. Previous studies in both urban and rural areas have concluded that contamination from on-site sanitation is a principal cause of contamination of water sources (Howard et al., 2013).

1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of this study is to assess the Physico Chemical Characteristics and Microbial Analysis of Well Water with Owo Metropolis. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

To Isolation of organism from well water sold in Owo Metropolis
To Identification of the isolates from Well water sold in Owo Metropolis

1.4 Significance of Study

Physico Chemical Characteristics and Microbial Analysis of Well Water with Owo Metropolis is the first step in determining the quality of the water you use in your home or commercial enterprise. Water that is supplied to cities, towns and villages is tested on a regular basis by the local County or City Council. Well and surface waters are vulnerable to pollution and should be checked for pathogenic bacteria. The presence of Coliforms in water bodies indicates presence of pathogenic bacteria. Well water sold in Owerri is to be properly analyzed for pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. as this will help prevent once from drinking contaminated water.

1.5 Scope of Study

The study focuses on the Physico Chemical Characteristics and Microbial Analysis of Well Water with Owo Metropolis, Ondo State.

1.6 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1.7 Definition of Terms

E.coli: Is an acronym for Escherichia coli which is a bacterium commonly found in the intestines of humans and other animals, some strains of which can cause severe food poisoning.

Staphylococcal: Staphylococcus (staph) is a group of bacteria. There are more than 30 types. A type called Staphylococcus aureus causes most infections. Staph bacteria can cause many different types of infections, including; skin infections which are the most common types of staph infections.

Isolates: isolate simply means cause (a person or place) to be or remain alone or apart from others.

Phytochemical: This is a substance produced mainly by plants, and these substances have biological activity.

Component: it simply means one part of a whole thing.

Antibacterial: Anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or their ability to reproduce. Heat, chemicals such as chlorine, and antibiotic drugs all have antibacterial properties.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material

Physico Chemical Characteristics and Microbial Analysis of Well Water with Owo Metropolis can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.

Seminar Material Cost
₦3,000

Project Material Cost
₦5,000

Request Complete Material

Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;

Preliminary Pages,
Chapter 1-5,
References and Appendix.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
⋮
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Introduction
⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results
⋮
4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES

Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Physico Chemical Characteristics and Microbial Analysis of Well Water with Owo Metropolis" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can the material for “Relative Effect of Drama, Practical Work on the Achievement of Students in Physics Learning” be used as a guide for Education Project?

Yes it can be used — This study examined the relative effect of drama method, practical work and conventional on student’s academic achievement and attitude in Physics. The problem of poor performance of Secondary School Students in physics has been a great concern for physics educators and researchers. A number of related materials both of empirical and theoretical importance were reviewed. The study was carried out in Isolo District of Lagos State in which six schools were randomly selected. Simple random sampling technique was used to select two schools for each experimental group and control group. Six Secondary Schools were sampled with a population of 122 students in which 66 were male and 56 were female. Four research questions were raised and seven hypotheses were tested at …

Can the material for “Kidnapping in Nigeria Implications for National Security” be used as a guide for Political Science Project?

Yes it can be used — The study was set out with four objective: to determine the relationship between kidnapping and national security, to examine the various factors responsible for kidnapping in Nigeria, to determine the implication of kidnapping on national security, examine the challenges of curbing kidnapping in Nigeria and proffer ways of curbing the spread of the menace of kidnapping in Nigeria. The methodology used included the questionnaire as well as descriptive analysis of data presented. The study revealed that kidnapping has not only become a criminal phenomenon or an academic issue of discuss but also a major threat to national security. Kidnapping has been related in some countries to the crime of terrorism which shares a major threat to national security. Kidnapping in …

Can the material for “Computerized Career Guidance Information Management System” be used as a guide for Software Engineering Project?

Yes it can be used — Career Guidance Information Management System Program has become an integral part of the overall educational program that helps the students understand their strengths and limitations and to enable them to adjust to their social and emotional life to the fullest. The aim of the study is to Design and Implement a Computerized Career Guidance Information Management System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to make the criteria and process involved in the exercise of counselling very easy and flexible, carefully take care of the burden, the staff faces in trying to do the work of counselling manually, provide adequate enabling environment for counselling on student to give them better career perspective and maintain adequate observed …

Can the material for “The Effect of Punishment and Reward on Academic Performance of Students in Schools” be used as a guide for Education Project?

Yes it can be used — This study examined the effect of punishment and reward on academic performance of senior secondary school students in Idemili North local government area of Onitsha Anambra State. Five research questions were formulated to guide the study. Through the process of simple random sampling, a total of two hundred (200) students from five (5) senior secondary schools were selected to participate in the study. The major instrument used for collecting data was a questionnaire tagged EPRAP. The data collected were analyzed. Chi square was used to test the hypotheses. Findings showed that punishment has significant effect on the academic performance of students. It was also discovered that intrinsic reward has no effect on the academic performance of students. Research also showed that …

Can the material for “The Impact of Pre-Marital Affairs on Academic Performance of Students” be used as a guide for Education Project?

Yes it can be used — This study evaluated the Impact of Pre-Marital Affairs on Academic Performance of Students of Federal College of Education Abeokuta. One hundred respondents were used, twenty each from the five schools in Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Random sampling techniques was used for the study and the data collected was analyzed using simple percentage, the findings of the study shows that peer influence, negative environmental influences e.t.c. facilitate pre-marital affairs among tertiary institution students. Based on the findings and conclusion, it is recommended among others that government should continue to organize orientation program me for the youth of the society especially students in tertiary institutions. …

Can the material for “Environmental Factors on Teaching and Learning Process of Adult Learners” be used as a guide for Education Project?

Yes it can be used — This study evaluated the environmental factors on teaching and learning process of adults learners in Yetfund skill development centre Abeokuta. One hundred respondents were used, ten from carpentry, one from bricklayer, twenty six from Tailoring, twenty six from Hair Dressing, ten from Catering, two from Decoration, four from Bead making, one from welding, nine from Make-up, six from trading, and five from elect/elect respectively. Random sampling techniques was used for the study and the data collected was analysed using simple percentage, the findings of the study show that environment have great impact in teaching learning process of adult learners. Based on the findings and conclusions, it is recommended among others that the government and other stakeholders in charge of literacy programme …

Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Encrypted Database System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?

Yes it can be used — Encryption attempts to ensure secrecy in communications, such as those of spies, military leaders, and diplomats, but it have also had religious applications. The aim of the study is to design and implement an Encrypted Database System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives of study were set out to understand and improve the computer networking data security through encryption of data and Enable communication between two or more computers on the network. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that most software crackers know these passwords, and their first attempt to break into a network is simply to try them. If an attacker cannot log on as the super user, the next best …

Can the material for “A Computerized System for Revenue Generation from Business Premises” be used as a guide for Computer Science Education Project?

Yes it can be used — Revenue generation is a means through which government establishment hurt for money which will be accountable to the government purse for execution of it’s project and the money collected from different areas like market, and advertising. can been kept by a group of people. The aim of the study is to design and implement a Computerized System for Revenue Generation from Businesss Premises in Nkanu East Local Government Area. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to reduce the inadequate fund from revenue and the space occupied by volumes of data in shelf and file cabinets and develop a system that will produce timely, accurate and comprehensive in work output. The motivation that led to this …

Can the material for “Influence of Class Size and Teachers’ Experience on Business Studies Students Academics Performance” be used as a guide for Education Project?

Yes it can be used — This study examine the Influence of Class Size and Teachers’ Experience on Business Education Students Academic Performance in Lagos Mainland Education District, using simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires were administered to 200 business studies students selected from five senior secondary schools in Lagos Mainland Education District in Lagos State. Combinations of parametric and non-parametric statistics were used for the test of the research questions and hypotheses. The study concludes that class size, teachers experiences are significant factors affecting students’ academic performance. Therefore, the study recommends that there is need for government to build more on teachers’ educational qualification and mastery of the subjects they are teaching, with teachers training programmes, teachers need to be equipped with the teaching strategies in order …

Can this topic “Effect of Increase in the Cost of Building Material on Affordable housing Delivery in Owerri, Imo State” be used for Estate Management (EM) Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — The study examines the Effect of Increase in the Cost of Building Material on Affordable housing Delivery in Owerri, Imo State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the effect of building materials cost on housing development in Nigeria and determine the factors responsible for high cost of building materials in Nigeria. Building materials have been playing an important role in the construction industry they are those materials put together in erecting or constructing structures, no field of engineering is conceivable without their use. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents were …