MOTIVATION AS A MEANS OF BANKING INDUSTRY FRAUD REDUCTION

1.0 Introduction

1.0 Background of the Study

The term motivation is described as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviour. It is a desire to achieve a goal, combined with the energy to work towards that goal. Motivation has to do with desire and ambition and if they are absent motivation is absent too.

Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reduce a sook to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activates behaviour. In everyday usage the term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something for example you might say that a student is so motivated to get into a clinical psychology programme that he/she spends every night studying.

Generally, motivation can be defined as a force that provides action which activates, direct or channel behaviour towards achieving organizations objectives or goals.

1.1 Historical Background of the Case Study.

Diamond Bank Plc was incorporated as a commercial bank on December 20 1990 and began as a private limited liability company on March 2, 1991.

Ten years later in February 2001, it became a universal bank in January 2005, following a highly successful private placement share after which substantially raised the banks equity base. Diamond bank became a public limited company in May 2005. The bank was listed on the Nigeria stock exchange (NSE).

With the advent of universal banking Diamond Bank Plc is driven by innovation and operating on the most advanced banking technology platform in the market. The banks has over the years leverage on its big business relationships. And like a diamond, their strength makes them oven more valued and valuable.

To ensure that they grow with the needs of their customers, they streamlined their operations into five distinct strategic business segments namely, Retail banking, National Corporate, Diamond capital and public sector. The management team is composed of experienced highly skilled professionals whose combined banking experience span over a hundred years that its people constitute the most valuable asset. It prides itself of the high esthnical standard which have been adjusted to be among the industry's capacity and team building and staff improve their versatility and pro-efficiency in every department of banking.

The bank makes sure that its staff is highly motivated in order to prevent the occurrence or constant fraudulent act in the industry. They embank on so many preventive measures to make sure that fraud is prevented in order to keep their credibility and their measures.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem

Recently, most Nigeria industries, mostly banks have been treating the moderation which borders on staff welfare with lending.

This is why most industries are faced with series of fraudulent practices consciously and unconsciously, perpetuated by the employees of the organization.

Investigations revealed that most organizations found it difficult to see motivation as being capable of making a meaningful contribution to their organization. This therefore resulted into the employees becoming frustrated ad easily involved in fraud.

The non-inclusion of denied and focused motivational strategy that will spare employees performance could be fell in the banking industry especially in the areas of efficiency and effectiveness that would have served as barriers to prudence of any kind.In this way, a lot still need to be done to put the industry on a second footing in the area of motivation. In order to bring about transparency and accountability in the banking sector.

The problem of motivation is not peculiar to the banking industry alone. It is a problem to be curiously addressed by the way majority of the Nigeria industries today other wise the fraudulent practice will continue unchecked.

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1.3 Objective of the Study

The general objective of this is to find out if motivation serves as strategy of reducing fraudulent acts in most Nigeria industries given the high incident of banks fraud of the others as a result of lack of commitment on the part of management to boost the morale of the staff through motivation on welfare packages.

Therefore the general objective of this industry establishes the impact of motivation on employee's performance and job satisfaction in Nigeria banking industry.

It ascertains whether motivation as a tool of improving workers performance facilitates transparency and accountability such that frauds in banking industry are minimized. If not completely eradicated.

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1.4 Significance of the Study

The research work will be of importance and good use to those who are directly in charge of labour in either private or public sector of the economy.

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1. Motivation as a spur of the employees' performance is not new, historically motivational varies and was designed to suit particular purpose of the employees' vis-avis their status and need in any organization with a new to explore the best out of them.

2. It plays an important role in assisting regulatory authority in the area of motivation essentially when formulating policy and implementing it that could lead to reduction in fraudulent act in Nigeria.

3. This project work is useful to any person undertaking research on motivation.

4. Consequently, the research describes how appropriate motivation improves low performance and reduce, if they completely eliminate frauds.

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1.5 Scope of the Study

This research work covered the area of motivation and provides a clear explanation on how employee can be motivated to achieve higher performance and hence reduce fraudulent practice in banking industry.

Researcher can not reach all the banks in the state and the country at large, so the study is restricted to few selected in eastern regions, precisely Owerri metropolis taking Diamond Bank Plc branch as the case study.

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1.6 Research Questions

This research question is for a research project on an appraisal of commercial banking fraud and motivation as a way of reducing fraud in Nigeria banking industry.

• What is the essence of motivation on banks staff?
• Is mobilization one of the solutions to the problems of frauds on banking systems?
• Is there any other means of preventing fraud on banking system?
• Does fraud in banking industry have effects on the economy of the country?
• Does bank face constraints whenever there is a fraud?

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1.7 Statement of Hypothesis

• H1: Monetary motivation can prevent fraud at all levels of workers in banking industry.
• H2; Motivation packages improves profit of banks

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1.8 Limitations of the Study

In the course of carrying out this study, a lot of obstacles were encountered. The researcher was constrained from visiting all the places necessary for obtaining needed materials due to finance. Also some of the staff visited at the bank premised was unfriendly to answer questions and find it very difficult to release vital information and facts required for the study. In addition there was limited time frame for the research study, this is because the study was combined with class work.

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1.9 Definition of Terms

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1. Motivation:

This is the willingness to extent high-level of effort towards organizational goals. It is also the action or the causes to action that we take to certify a need. It is concerned with low behavior is stated, sustained or stopped and what kind of subjective reaction is present with person. It is also an inner state that energizes, activates or move direct or channel behavior towards achieving organizational objectives.

2. Fraud:

It is the crime of deceiving somebody or a company in order to get money or goods, illegally. It is an act of depriving person his dishonesty of something, which he is or might, but perpetration of fraud is entitled.

3. Motivational Policy:

This is a principle that guides the person when somebody does something or behaves in a particular way. It is also a principle, which a company adopts to see how best its workers or employee could be treated to get the best of their attention to work.

4. Motivation Theory:

Is a speculative plan or underlying principles of motivation which was theory of need, content theory of motivation etc.

5. Incentive:

It is something that encourages somebody to do something. It is a stimulus to move. It could be in form of money, leave allowance, holiday abroad, bonus, wardrobe allowance, housing allowance, children and maids allowance etc.

6. Forgery:

It is the crime of coping money documents etc in order to deceive people. This could be done by management or staff of an industry and it's usually as a result of improper motivational factors. Examples are altered signature and counterfeit currency.

7. Intrinsic Motivation:

It means deriving satisfaction of your needs and therefore your motivation factor that influence people to behave in a particular direction. The factor include responsibility i.e. feeling that the work is important and having control over ones resources.

8. Extrinsic Motivation:

This means using work as means to an end. It is most called instrument approach. It also refers to what is done to or for people to motivate them; it could be rewards such as increase pay, praise or promotion.

9. Bank Failure:

A bank is said to have failed if it has not succeeded in achieving any of the objective for which it was established. That is when it cannot meet any of its obligations. These obligations are due first and foremost to its customers as well as its shareholders and even the community money.

10. Fraudsters:

This is a person who commits fraud. That is somebody who is involved in the crime of deceiving somebody or companies in order to get money.

11.Cashiering Fraud:

This is a crime of deceiving to get money or stealing customers money which is received by the person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a bank e.g. in appropriate customer money.

12. Falsification:

To change a written record or information so that it can no longer be there. To falsify data, records or accounts of a company.

13. Fraud Prevention;

It is the act of stopping the occurrence or an act of depriving a person dishonesty of something.

14. Financial Management:

Is the act of running and controlling the fineness of a company, it must set up objective plan and how this may be achieved which is done by the effect of a financial manager.

15. Remuneration:

It is the amount of work that is paid to somebody for the work they have done, it could be salary, wages and so on.

16. Public Fund:

It is the money which is deposited in the bank but which belongs to the ordinary people in the society in general. It could also be government fund provided especially for the use of people in general.