INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The study scrutinized the Inventory Management and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to determine to what extent the ineffective management of inventory in Pabod and Palm Nectar Breweries plc has caused low productivity in the company and identify the degree to which poor inventory modern used by the company has resulted to low productivity in the company. The motivation that led to embarking on this research work is as a result of ineffective management of inventory in the manufacturing company specifically Pabod and Palm Nectar Breweries Limited Company and Loss of sales or business of the company as a result of insufficient inventories of finished goods. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 180 (one hundred and eighty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested using the one-way ANOVA and the t-test statistical tools at zero point zero five (0.05) level of significance. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet were employed. The data were presented on a frequency distribution table and analyzed using simple percentage, while hypothesis was tested using chi-square test. The study will be significant to manufacturing companies, firms and businesses as it will enable them keep an adequate inventory control and ensure that they do not run out of stock or have excess stock which can endanger their liquidity position. It is recommended that Management should improve in their communication with the suppliers and hold regular meetings with the suppliers to disseminate important issues relating the inventory procurement.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Inventory refers to the stock of resources that possess economic value, held by an organization at any point of time. These resources stocks can be manpower, machines, capital goods or materials at various stages. Inventories are the stocks of raw materials, work in progress, finished goods and supplies held by a business organization to facilitate operations in the production process (Pandey, 2005). Efficient inventory cost management is vital to the successful functioning of manufacturing organizations. The inventory cost management of any organization represents an important decision making function at all stages of the product manufacturing, distribution and sales chain. Inventory Management has attracted a great deal of attention from people both in academia and industries.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Inventory is one of the resources that are managed by business organizations and it was first recorded in 1601. The need for inventory control cannot be overemphasized as it is a means for improving the performance of manufacturing industries. Inventory can be defined as a record of a business current assets including property owned, merchandise on hand and the value of work in progress and work complete but not sold and it is classified as a current asset because it can be turned into liquid cash within a short period of time. Inventory has created a great impact on the profitability of the manufacturing firm which resulted to the deep research of this topic.
Chase, Jacobs & Aquilano (2004), defined inventory as the stock of any item or resource used in an organisation. An inventory system is the set of policies and controls that monitor levels of inventory and determine what levels should be maintained, when stock should be replenished, and how large orders should be Inventories can either be assets as well as items held in the ordinary course of business or they can be goods that will be consumed or used in the production of goods to be sold.
According to Wild (2002), inventory control is the activity which organises the availability of items to the customers. It coordinates the purchasing, manufacturing and distribution functions to meet marketing needs. This role includes the supply of current sales items, new products, consumables, spare parts, obsolete items and all other supplies. Inventory enables a company to support customer service, logistic or manufacturing activities in situations where purchasing or manufacturing of the items is not able to satisfy the demand. Lack of satisfaction could arise due to the speed of purchasing, protracted manufacturing and because quantities cannot be provided without stocks.
In inventory, there is an optimum level therefore inadequate inventory causes loss of sale and disrupts the production process while excessive stock level leads to unnecessary carrying cost and obsolescence or spoilage risks. Inventory plays a major role in the operation of many businesses and manufacturing companies. In manufacturing, inventories of raw materials allow companies to operate independently of their sources of supplies. Day to day operation are not dependent on deliveries from supplies since stock of the necessary mateials are maintained and used s needed. Without inventory control, millions of naira could be lost year because of non accountability of stocks and inaccurate checks and balances.
The process of control and management of inventory is a very important factor in the success or failure of any business for example, little stock will result in stock out which will disrupt the production distribution cycle that is crucial to the survival of all manufacturing companies while too much stock will tie down the resources of a company. Poor or inadequate inventory management can present a serious challenge to the productive capacity of a manufacturing organization. In addition to raw materials and finished goods, many companies also maintain items of assets, property, inventories of work in progress, office supplies, business firms and general operation supplies.
Therefore, in Pabod and Palm Nectar Breweries Limited Company in Port Harcourt where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Inventory Management and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation reveals the problems of the Inventory Management and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria research work which include:
- Ineffective management of inventory in the manufacturing company specifically Pabod and Palm Nectar Breweries Limited Company.
- Loss of sales or business of the company as a result of insufficient inventories of finished goods.
- Low productivity in the manufacturing company as a result of poor inventories model used by the company.
- Poor management and control of inventories in the manufacturing company.
Inventory management is very essential in any organization setting, because holding stock is just like holding cash, and cash is life blood of the firm. Also in the context of inventory management, the organization is faced with the problem of reconciling two conflicting need; to maintain a large inventory for smooth production run and to maintain a minimum inventory to maximize profitability by having the lowest carrying cost.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to scrutinize the Inventory Management and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To determine to what extent the ineffective management of inventory in Pabod and Palm Nectar Breweries plc has caused low productivity in the company.
- To examine the extent to which insufficient inventory of finished goods cause loss of sales to the company.
- To identify the degree to which poor inventory modern used by the company has resulted to low productivity in the company.
- To ascertain whether the company has suffered from poor management and control of inventories.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- Does effective inventory control ensure continuous production of goods in Pabod and Palm Nectar Breweries?
- What is the state of inventory management and Financial Performance in the Nigerian manufacturing company especially Pabod and Palm Nectar Breweries plc?
- Has effective inventory control made a significant impact on the manufacturing company?
- To what extent the ineffective management of inventory in Pabod and Palm Nectar Breweries Limited Company in Port Harcourt has caused low productivity in the company?
- What is the degree to which poor inventory modern used by the company has resulted to low productivity in the company?
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problems
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
- 1.5 Research Questions
- 1.6 Research Hypothesis
- 1.7 Significance of Study
- 1.8 Scope of Study
- 1.9 Limitations of the Study
- 1.10 Definition of Terms
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review of Inventory Management
- 2.2.1 Types of Inventory
- 2.2.2 Classification of Inventories
- 2.3 Overview of Financial Performance
- 2.4 Theoretical Framework
- 2.4.1 Cost Associated with Inventory
- 2.4.2 Inventory Procurement Control and Financial Performance
- 2.4.3 Inventory Security Control and Financial Performance
- 2.4.5 Inventory Usage Control and Financial Performance
- 2.5 Empirical Studies
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire
- 3.8.1 Interview
- 3.8.2 Key Informants Interview
- 3.8.3 Observation
- 3.9 Statistical Analysis
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Test of Hypothesis 1
- 4.4 Test of Hypothesis 2
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Inventory Management and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problems
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
- 1.5 Research Questions
- 1.6 Research Hypothesis
- 1.7 Significance of Study
- 1.8 Scope of Study
- 1.9 Limitations of the Study
- 1.10 Definition of Terms
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review of Inventory Management
- 2.2.1 Types of Inventory
- 2.2.2 Classification of Inventories
- 2.3 Overview of Financial Performance
- 2.4 Theoretical Framework
- 2.4.1 Cost Associated with Inventory
- 2.4.2 Inventory Procurement Control and Financial Performance
- 2.4.3 Inventory Security Control and Financial Performance
- 2.4.5 Inventory Usage Control and Financial Performance
- 2.5 Empirical Studies
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire
- 3.8.1 Interview
- 3.8.2 Key Informants Interview
- 3.8.3 Observation
- 3.9 Statistical Analysis
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Test of Hypothesis 1
- 4.4 Test of Hypothesis 2
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Inventory Management and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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