FUNGAL COLONIZATION ON HUMAN BODY SURFACES
ABSTRACT
Human skin is the outermost tissue of the human body. The study was carried out to examine the Fungal on Human Skin. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to identify the fungi isolates from the face, legs and hands of students in the area under study. Investigation revealed that bacterial are contacted during our everyday routines, some which are potentially pathogenic to human and other not human could be exposed simply by walking by a construction areas were the oil has been disturbed and scattered into the wind by the machinery.
The swab sticks were quickly dropped inside labeled sample bottles and immediately taken to the laboratory for microbial analysis. Nutrient agar and Mac-Conkey agar medium was prepared and swab sticks were dissolved separately in 150 ml distilled water in a beaker and taken as stock. The different bacteria colonies were counted and sub-cultured unto freshly prepared media plates. Identification of the bacteria isolates was done through gram staining and different biochemical tests.
The results showed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Micrococcus species in the frequencies of 54%, 20% and 20% respectively. This clearly indicated that Staphylococcus aureus with a prevalence rate of 54% occurred more in the skins of the students studied. Proper personal hygiene and clean living environment is imperative to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases among students of Imo State University. This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. Based on the findings, it is recommended that proper and regular body hygiene should be done to reduce bacteria load on the skin and also to prevent infectious diseases from these pathogens.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Human skin is a large organ containing a large number of ecologically distinct sites. These sites harbor a variety of distinct microbiomes. Human skin is the outermost tissue of the human body. As a result, people are very aware of, and very sensitive to, the appearance of their skin. Consequently, skin appearance has been a subject of great interest in several fields of science and technology. Microorganisms of the normal flora may aid the host. It may harm the host by causing dental caries, abscesses or other infectious diseases or it may exist as commercials by inhabiting the host for long periods without causing detectable harm or benefits. Even though most elements of the normal microbial flora inhabiting the human skin, nails, eyes, genitalia and gastrointestinal tract are harmless in healthy individuals, these organisms frequently cause disease in compromised hosts.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Human skin performs a wide variety of functions resulting from chemical and physical reactions inside these components. The major function of skin is to act as a barrier to the exterior environment. It protects the body from friction and impact wounds with its flexibility and toughness. Harmful chemicals, bacteria, viruses and ultraviolet light are also prevented from entering the body by the skin. It also prevents water loss and regulates body temperature by blood flow and evaporation of sweat (Pugliese, 2001).
The secretion of sweat and skin lipid cause the elimination of a number of harmful substances resulting from metabolic activities in the intestines and the liver. Furthermore, skin has a large amount of nerve fibers and nerve endings that enable it to act as a sensory organ. When skin is exposed to sunlight, it can produce vitamin D, an imperative chemical substance for the body (Pugliese, 2001).
The normal flora in human usually develops in an orderly sequence, after birth leading to the stable populations of bacteria that made up the normal adult flora. The main factor determining the composition of the normal flora in a body region is the nature of the local environment which is determined by pH, temperature, redox potential, oxygen, water and nutrient levels. Other factors such as peristalsis, saliva hysozyme secretion and secretion of immunoglobulin also play roles in flora control.
The local environment is like a concern to in which one principal instrument usually dominates. For example, an infact begins to contact organisms as it moves through the birth canal. A gram positive population predominates in the gastrointestinal tract early in life. This bacterial population is reduced and displaced some by a gram negative flora when the baby is bottle feel. The type of liquid diet provided to the infant is the principal instrument of this flora controls, immunoglobulins and perhaps other element is breast milk may also be important.
Fungi are a major group of living things, originally considered plants lacking chlorophyll, leaves, true stems, roots and reproducing by spores, but now treated as the separate kingdom fungi. They occur in all environments on the planet and include important decomposers and parasites. Parasitic fungi infect animals including human, other animals, birds, and insects with consequences varying from mild itching to death, in general, humans have a high level of inmate immunity to fungi and most of the infections they cause are mild and self limiting (Adeleke, 2006).
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Fungal Colonization On Human Body Surfaces.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that bacterial are contacted during our everyday routines, some which are potentially pathogenic to human and other not human could be exposed simply by walking by a construction areas were the oil has been disturbed and scattered into the wind by the machinery, also can be exposed while jogging, hiking, hunting and fishing (Emmons 1979). Humans have a high level of inmate immunity to fungi and most of the infections they cause are mild and self limiting (Adeleke, 2006).
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to examine the Fungal on Human Skin. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to identify the fungi isolates from the:
- Right and left leg of students in the area under study;
- Face of students in the area under study; and
- Right and left hand of students in the area under study.
1.5 Significance of Study
This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.6 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the Fungal Colonization On Human Body Surfaces using Undergraduate Students in Imo State University (IMSU) as a Case Study.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Fungal Colonization on Human Body Surfaces" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Fungal Colonization on Human Body Surfaces" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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