EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS OF OIL FROM MONODORA MYRISTICA (EHURU SEED)
ABSTRACT
Extraction and analysis of Monodora myristica (ehuru) oil was investigated, the result of the proximate analysis carried out on the seed reveals the presence of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, crude fibre, and carbohydrate in the sample. The moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate content of Monodora myristica was found to be 4.0%, 11.9%, 11.3%, 4.6%, 8.7% and 42.5% respectively, fatty acid analysis of the oil revealed that Monodora myristica has the following fatty acid with the concentrations. Capric acid (0.36%), Palmitoleic acid (0.42%), Lauric acid (1.16%), myristic acid (0.63%) stearic acid (3.42%), Linolenic acid (39.81%), Linoleic acid (44.6%), capriclic acid (0.52%) and ?-linolenic acid (2.37%). The result inferred that if, consumed in sufficient amounts, the spices could contribute towards meeting human nutritional requirements for normal growth and adequate protection against disease arising from malnutrition.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Calabash nutmeg, Monodora myristica (Ehuru) is a tropical tree of the family Annonaceae or custard apple family of flowering plants. Other names of nutmeg include Jamaica nutmeg, African nutmeg, ehuru, ariwo, awerewa, ehiri, African orchid nutmeg. The calabash nutmeg tree grows naturally in evergreen forest from Liberia to Nigeria and Cameroon, Angola and also Uganda and West Kenya. Due to the slave trade in the 18th century, the tree was introduced to the Caribbean Island where it was established and become known as Jamaican nutmeg.
In 1897, the Monodora myristica was introduced to Bogor Botanical Gardebn, indonesia, where the trees flower on a regular basis but no fruit could yet be collected. Due to its large and orchid-like flowers, the tree is also grown as an ornamental and other food materials (Fournier et al, 1999).
The Monodora myristica tree can reach a height of 35m and 2m in diameter at breast height. It has a clear trunk and branches horizontally. The leaves are alternately arranged and drooping with the leaf blade being elliptical, oblory or broadcast towards the apex and tapering to the stalk. They are petiolate and can reach a size of up to 45 x 20cm (Burkill, 1997).
The flower appears at the base of new shoots and is singular, pendant, large and fragrant. The pedicel bears a leaf-like bract and can reach 20cm in length. The flower sepals are red-spotted, crisped and 2.5cm long. The corolla is formed of six petal of while the three outer reach a length of 10cm and show curled and red, green and yellow spots. The three inner petals are almost triangular and form a white yellowish cone which on the outer-side is red-spotted and green on the inside. The flower's stigmas become receptive before it's stemens mature and shed their pollen (protogymous). The flower is pollinated by insects (Fournier et al, 1999).
The fruit is a berry of 20cm diameter and 18 smooth, green and speherical and becomes woody. It is attached to a long stalk which is made up to 60cm long. Inside the fruit the numerous oblongoid, pale brown, 1.5cm long seeds are surrounded by a whitish fragrant pulp. The seed contains 5 — 9% of a colourless essential oil (Joseph, 2007).
The odour and taste of the Monodora myristica seed is similar to nutmeg and it is used as a popular spice in the West African cuisine. The fruits are collected from wild trees and the seeds are dried and sold whole or ground to be used in stews, soups, cakes and deserts. For medicinal purposes they are used as stimulants, stomachic, for headaches, sores and also as insect repellant. The seeds are also made into necklaces (Weiss, 2002).
The timbers obtained form Monodora myristica is hard but easy to work with and is used for carpentry, house fittings and joinery. In medicine, the bark is used in treatments of stomach aches. Febrile pains , eye disease and haemorrhoids (Weiss, 2002).
The essential oil that can be obtained from the leaves contains ß-caryophyllenc, ?-humulene and ?-pinene. The major compound found in the essential oil form the seed are ?-phellandrene, ?-pinene, myrcene, limonene and pinene (Burkil, 1997).
1.1 Objective of the Study
The objective of this research work is to extract and analyze the oil form the seed of Monodora myristica (ehuru seed).
1.2 Statement of Problem
Monodora myristica contains substantial ammonia of non-dryly oil and that has necessitated the need for a project work to be carried out on the extraction and analysis of oil form the seed of Monodora myristica.
1.3 Significance of the Study
The result of this research work will out line the procedure for extraction and analysis of the oil from the seed of Monodora myristica.
1.4 Limitation of the Study
This research work is limited to the extraction of oil form Monodora myristica seed and the analysis of the oil. The major problem encountered in the project work is lack of finance and as a group it is not easy to come together when required.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Extraction and Analysis of Oil From Monodora Myristica (Ehuru Seed) can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Extraction and Analysis of Oil From Monodora Myristica (Ehuru Seed)" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Effect of Leadership Styles on Workers Performance in the Banking Industry” be used as a guide for Industrial Relations and Personnel Management (IRPM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research examined the Effect of Leadership Styles on Workers Performance in the Banking Industry with special reference to Wema Bank Plc. The research adopted survey research design. Data were gathered through primary source with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of sample, this was used to eliminate biasness in the selection process of the respondents. Data garnered were presented on table using percentage and the formulated hypotheses were analysed with the used of Chi-square statistical method. The result of the analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between leadership style and worker’s performance. Also there is a significant relationship between leader-worker’s relations and organizational growth. Based on the conclusion of the …
Can the material for “The Impact of Mortuary Management System” be used as a guide for Anatomy Project?
Yes it can be used — A morgue or mortuary is used for the storage of human corpses awaiting identification or removal for autopsy or disposal by burial, cremation or other method. The study was carried out to assess the Mortuary Management System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to keep the dead till the relatives, claim and take over the body for disposal and keep unclaimed bodies until disposal (burial or cremation) is arranged by the hospital authorities. In modern times corpses have customarily been refrigerated to delay decomposition. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 133 (one hundred and thirty three) …
Is the topic “The Impact of Drug Abuse on Senior Secondary School Students” recommended for Public Health Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Drug abuse has a negative impact on the education of undergraduates in different schools across the globe. Such drugs were used to relieve pain or cure and control diseases. Drugs is any substance which taken by living organisms may modify the functions of living organism. The study was carried out to examine the Impact of Drug Abuse on Senior Secondary School Students. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to identify the most commonly abused substances and the factors that contribute to the use of these substances and find out the knowledge and perception of the health risk and other implications of drug use among students. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, …
Can the material for “A Study of Black Consciousness and Racism in Richard Wright’s Native Son and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man” be used as a guide for English Language Project?
Yes it can be used — The twentieth century American literary scene is characterized by the emergence of black writers who are concerned with creating what is called “Black Consciousness”. This concept became a form of literary expression associated with the Afro-American movement whose concern was for the discovery of the meaning of black man’s experience. Black, consciousness has to do with the revolutionary consciousness which occupies most Afro-American writing. This concept places emphasis on the Afro-American search for self-esteem in a hostile social environment and the search for a language to affirm a “black selfhood” as well as express the richness of an oral culture. These elements are examined in Richard Wright’s Native Son and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man. These works marked a high point in …
Can this topic “Perception of Healthcare Providers toward Mental Patients' Attempts to Prevent Relapses” be used for Physics Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The study was carried out to examine the Perception of Healthcare Providers toward Mental Patients’ Attempts to Prevent Relapses in Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital. Investigation revealed that the mentally sick people constitute nuisance since their consciousness is affected, this is why they need treatment and rehabilitation but the Nigerian situation is quite different as government and the family unit have not done much towards their rehabilitation since many mentally sick persons are not taken care of but allowed to become vagrants. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection …
Can the material for “Perceived Effect of Solid Waste Disposal Techniques on Health Status of Community Residents” be used as a guide for Community Health Project?
Yes it can be used — The study assessed the perceived effects of solid waste disposal techniques on health status of residents in Igando Local Government Area. Four (4) Local Communities Development Area Ifeoluwa, Banjo, Feyintola and Oduduwa. The descriptive research method was used in carrying out the study. The population for the study was people within the age bracket between 18-50 and above (male and female) in Igando Local Government Area of Lagos state which constitutes a total number of 4,640. The sample size comprised 350 individuals within the age bracket between 18-50 and above who reside in four communities in Igando. Data collection was done with a 20 item validated questionnaire. Descriptive survey method was used for the study. Data analysis was done using the …
Can this topic “Design and Implementation of a Computerized Sport League Management System” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Sport is generally recognized as activities which are based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity, with the largest major competitions such as the Olympic Games admitting. Sports league management software provides secure integration and access to relevant categories of visitors. This way, you get more control over the sensitive processes of team enrolment, facilities management, and roster building. The aim of the study is to Computerized Sport League Management System using Delta State Sport League as a Case Study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to provide easy players registration, give matches inventory, provide easy access for players management, make team management less difficult, facilities all sport management, provide easy registration management for players, provide …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Product Price Forecasting System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Product Price Forecasting is the ability to forecast future product price base on past months sales. Product Price Forecasting system uses several proven models such as qualitative versus quantitative model and linear regression mode, these model are proven models use over the years by different financial institutes. The aim of the study is to design and implement a Product Price Forecasting System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop an application software that will manage and forecast product price, automate customer, product, and supplier management on the system and Manage every users of the system. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the conventional …
Can the material for “Investigative Journalism as a Means of Conflict Resolution in Cross River Newspaper Corporation (CHRONICLE)” be used as a guide for Linguistics and Communication Project?
Yes it can be used — This research on Investigative journalism: A means of conflict resolution is conducted to determine the role of investigative journalism in conflict resolution. The purpose of the study is to establish the role of investigative journalism in conflict resolution. The research design used in this study is the survey research design. Samples were made from the population through the random sampling techniques. This technique was used in selecting Cross River Newspaper corporation (CHRONICLE) Calabar among all media houses in Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Findings made from the data analysis carried out reveals that, there is a major difference between investigative reporting and hard news reportage, investigative journalism is a means of conflict resolution. Therefore, …
Can this topic “Design and Implementation of an Online Marketing Information System” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Marketing Information System is a computerized system that is designed to provide an organized flow of information to enable and support the marketing activities of an organization. The main aim of this study is to develop and implement an online marketing system that will be useful to business owners. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to create a platform for businesses to reach a wider audience and increase sales and profits, develop a general purpose store where consumers can find products and services from the comfort of home through the Internet, and implement an online virtual store on the Internet where customers can browse the catalog and select products of interest. One of the major …