EFFECTS OF THE USE OF REWARD AND PUNISHMENT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN SOME SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOL

ABSTRACT

This study is designed to investigate the effect of the use of reward and punishment in the academic performances of pupils in Yewa North Local Government in conducting the study. Ten primary schools within Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun state were randomly selected. A questionnaire was designed and administered in the selected primary schools. The responses were analyzed using simple percentages and tables.

Out of two hundred questionnaires administered to pupils and teachers in ten primary schools the researchers were able to collect four hundred complete sample opinion i.e. two hundred each from teachers and pupils, representing 95.2% of the total questionnaire administered. Reward is frequently employed by teachers in many primary employed by teachers in many schools. Punishment is also used in high frequency by teachers.

The use of reward predominates the use of punishment in primary school. There is a clear out differences between the use of reward punishment by teachers punishment is used to check pupils deviant behaviour. Reward motivated the pupils toward learning. There is no significant differences in the opinion of both the teachers and the pupils on the changes that has been brought about the use of reward and punishment. Based on the findings suggestions were made with regard to the issue of the effects of reward and punishment and also for further studies.

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

The fundamental reason for the use of negative reinforcement that people use as reward and academic performance have positive effect for pupils and students learning process. Reward and punishment are often intangible, symbolic in nature taking the form of praise, approval or disappointment are course, commonly used in primary schools as motivational means.

Recently, there has been a lot of concern in our educational system, regarding the use of reward and punishment means in enforcing good behaviour of pupils in primary schools education, parents and teachers have expressed their view in newspaper, journals and other media about this issue such as current issue of many articles in some periodicals contents. The period of primary school, age is the traditional period of life which the child experience many developmental changes.

However, it believed that a period of change is likely to be accompanied by many difficulties. This is period of challenge to teachers and all those involved in the education of young people. The teacher is faced with the task of enforcing good behaviour of pupils in the primary school through the use of reward and punishment.

From the writers’ previous experience, it was found that punishment is very much used in our primary schools in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State. One is faced to consider if punishment has been producing the intended result of correlation. A number of human practice and produce have been sanctioned because they supposedly to satisfactory outcomes. The teachers attach great value to attributes like obedience and willingness to accept the judgement of authorities.

Reward has been associated with improvement in pre-social behaviours of pupils who receive them the wrong behaviours of pupils are becoming rampant these days. It’s the related to frequency of the use of punishment and reward by the teacher in enforcing good behaviours of pupils in the school. This study is therefore undertaken to investigate on how frequency punishment and reward are used in our primary schools and how frequently these problems emerge among pupils in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State. One is faced to consider of punishment has been producing the intended result of correlation. A number of human practice and procedure have been sanctioned because they supposedly to satisfactory outcomes. The teachers attach great value to attributes like obedience and willingness to accept the judgement of authorities.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The child at birth is born with certain biological inheritance. Biological heredity is not enough to enable him develop, harmoniously in social cultural environment to equip him with necessary skills and information, concepts and attitudes, society therefore has created a separate agency to the school, where he can develop all the qualities and abilities required for successful, social adjustment. If follows therefore, the school should be properly organized in order to put form better these onerous tasks. The fact s that the problem in our schools (Ohunche 1977) the use of reward and punishment by the teachers in the school could have alleviated the problems of indiscipline and other disruptive behaviour in our primary schools.

These situations readily bring some questions to mind:

How frequently are rewards and punishment used by teachers in the schools?
Primary school pupils in Ogun State?

1.3 Research Questions

The research questions to be used are:

How frequently is reward and punishment used by teachers?
Are there any difference in the opinion of teachers and pupils on the use of reward and punishment?
What do you think are the effects of rewards and punishment?
Do you think the reward and punishment has brought about any changes?

1.4 Purposes of the Study

This study aims to asses how frequently punishment and rewards used by teachers in enforcing good behaviour by pupils in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State. In persuasive of this, the researcher will determine the relationship between the frequently with these measure are used.

Identified the negative behaviour of pupils seek for the differences between teachers and pupils. Opinion regarding the incidence of problem behaviour in school, determine whether these problem behaviour will be eradicated by reward and punishment.

1.5 Significance of the Study

It is the researcher belief that finding in this study will go a long way to determine the significant to the school, policy makers, parents and enforcement.

It made an important suggestion in teaching learning process. Hence, the study provided some recommendation to educators and all those who are involved in the education of young people on the use of punishment and reward.

It enforces good behaviour of pupils in primary schools.

It affords the school to know when to introduce or apply reward and punishment.

It gives the policy makers sense of direction in setting up the educational goals and objective in schools for efficient primary education.

The parents like the teacher having known those areas that need further attention order to achieve great success in the forms of rewards and punishment used in this school with particular reference to the primary schools.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on the effects of use of reward and punishment on the academic performance of pupils in Yewa North Local Government. This study is geographically limited to the Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State. It is also limited to those teachers and pupils in the five selected primary pupils in the selected primary schools.

It is hoped that the response of these chosen subject from the selected schools of the Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State will reveal the effect of the use of reward and punishment on the academic performance of pupils in primary schools.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Punishment:

The act of causing some one to suffer for his/her misdeed, fault or crime.

Rewards:

Gains that come as a result of doing something well or right.

Problem Behaviour:

The disruptive behaviour of adolescents such truancy, stealing, lying, lateness, willful dame to school properties.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background …
⋮
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Conceptual Review
2.3 Theoretical Framework
⋮
2.4 Empirical Studies
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population of Study
3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
3.6 Method of Data Collection
3.7 Method of Data Analysis
3.8 Questionnaire Administration
3.9 Ethical Consideration
3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
4.4 Test of Hypotheses
4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary of Findings
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”

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