EFFECTS OF URBAN RENEWAL ON WOMEN'S ROLE
ABSTRACT
This project work is aimed at finding out the extent to which the family role of women isaffected by the newest innovation − urban renewal in our contemporary society today especially in Lagos State − as one of the fastest growing cities in the world Amuwo Odofin Local Government Area was chosen because of its metropolitan nature of the area. Based on the information obtained through personal interview and questionnaire the conclusiondrawn is that, the urban life is saturated by availability of infrastructural facilities and other social amenities − which makes life more comfortable than that which obtains in the rural areas. In the same vein it was also gathered that, single parent mothers and others who are their family breadwinners are much more affected by consistent urban renewal consequently running their source of livelihood. Finally, the research findings set the platform for probable solutions as recommendations for the study.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background To The Study
Africa has the highest levels of urbanization but the least urbanized when compared with other regions of the world. In 2009, almost 40% of African population lived in urban areas (UNHABITAT, 2010). By 2050, the Africa’s urban population is estimated to triple to over one billion (UN-HABITAT, 2010). In most countries, a high rate of urbanization combined with consistent economic decline over the last two decades has resulted in a rapid increase in the number of urban poor. In sub-Saharan African countries, it is estimated that more than 40% of urban residents are living in poverty (Aluko and Amidu, 2006). These factors contribute to the increasing informal developments in African cities; Nigeria inclusive.
Currently, about 43% of Nigerians live in urban centres. Modem urbanization in Nigeria has been dominated by the growth of a single primate city, the political and commercial hub of the nation, Lagos. Rural − urban migration from other parts of the country into Lagos has been the major determinant for this high rate of urban population growth resulting in proliferation of slums and squatter settlements, high rate of unemployment, etc. It is estimated that between 20 and 80% of urban growth ‘in developing countries is informal, usually inhabited by the low income people (Aluko and Amidu, 2006).
In view of the above background, this study examines the effects of urban renewal on women’s role in Amuwo Odofin Local Government Area of Lagos State. In recent times, Lagos state government in south- western Nigeria embarked on urban renewal development programme with the aim of making the state one of the mega cities in the world. The process of urban renewal witnessed the demolition of market stalls, illegal spaces, and structures all around the city. Some group of people selling on the streets, sidewalk had been forcefully evicted from their selling points. Women were mostly affected by the recent demolitions and destructions of market spaces in the city. The study views that those affected are likely to be vulnerable to many challenges as they are confronted with this new development.
Lagos Road construction project − sponsored by the world Bank in conjunction with the Lagos State Government housing projects on the Island, (Lekki and Victoria Island etc.) and vacant lots as the outcome of incomplete projects. Urban renewal’s effect on actual revitalization is a subject of intense debate. It has been seen by proponents as an economic engine and a reform mechanism and by opponents as a regressive mechanism for enriching the wealthy at the expense of tax payers and the poor. It carries a higher cost to existing communities and in many cases resulted in the destruction of vibrant neighborhoods (UN, 2008).
Urban renewal in its original form has been called a failure by many urban planners and civic leaders and has since been reformulated with a focus on redevelopment of existing communities. However, many cities link ~e revitalization of the central business district and gentrification of residential neighborhoods to earlier urban renewal programs. Over time urban renewal evolved into a policy based less on destruction wore on renovation and investment and today is an integral part of many local governments, often combined with small and big business incentives. But even in this adapted form, urban renewal projects are widely accused of abuse and corruption. Lagos State (PDP) People Democratic Party members petitioned the (EFCC) Economic and Financial Crime Commission to probe the Lagos State Government under the leadership of (SAN) Babatunde Raji Fashola for the numerous ongoing construction projects in Lagos State on the grounds of corruption. ( Guardian Newspapers (March 10,2010).
Urban renewal can be traced conceptually back to the earliest days of urban development and often stems from a paternalistic style of governance, albeit one which often uses utilitarian rhetoric. Its potential value as a process was noted by those who witnessed the inhumane and overcrowded conditions of 19th century London, New York, Paris and other major cities of the developed world affected by the industrial revolution. From this a slum reform agenda grew by which advocates and reformers, using a doctrine of environmental determinism, argued that reforming a degraded environment would reform its residents. Such reform could be argued on religious, national security, compassionate, economic and many other grounds. (Guardian Newspapers March 10, 2010).
Meanwhile, the pertinent question now is how has urban renewal affected women roles in Lagos State? Starting from Ajaegbu (2006), the role of a woman in the society, nation and in the family may be explained in different categories depending on the status and circumstances. In the family for example, the natural role of a woman does not only end in the kitchen fetching daily meals for the husband and children but includes procreation − which cannot be avoided either consciously or unconsciously. However in recent time due to proliferation in the practice and acceptance of civilization in our society, the distributions of responsibilities in the family are now shared between married couples. The roles of the man in recent time have been taken over by the woman. The emergences of economic depression and inflationary exigencies have compelled an inevitable change negatively on family role of women, (Nigerian Daily Times, Thursday 21, 2010).
In any society therefore, where these changes have occurred, there is always an attendant effect on the society and its people, This study therefor, investigates the impact of this kind of change urban renewal on the family role of women in Amuwo Odofin Local Government Area of Lagos State. Nonetheless, the observation of the outgoing reconstruction and construction exercises in Lagos State is a programme; of development which is intended to benefit the residents of Lagos State under a well structure and planned road network, housing, electrification project, pipe borne water, transportation and many more This however requires an investigation as to how these developmental exercise impact on the family especially on the role of a woman.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Effects of Urban Renewal on Women's Role" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Effects of Urban Renewal on Women's Role" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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