EFFECT OF SLUM ON PROPERTY VALUES
ABSTRACT
The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the effects of slum on property values at Aguowa via Trans-Ekulu and confirm that slum was responsible for the low property value in the area. The study showed that the slum occurrence was as a result of rural migration to urban areas and lack of original planning in the area.
This work is organized in five chapters.
- Chapter one deals with the introduction, statement of the problem, purpose of study, limitation and delimitation, background and need for the study, significant of the study and the overview of the study.
- Chapter two deals on the literature review of related study like concept of residential slum, definition of slum, type of slum, roles of slum, theoretical aspect of slum, history of recognition of slum, concept of real estate development, type of property and classification, rational for real property development and property values.
- Chapter three talked about the research method, the re-statement of the problem, sources of date, of the problem, sources of date, population and sample size, data collection, date collection procedure method of data analysis and finally data analysis procedure.
- Chapter four deals on the data presentation and analysis while
- Chapter five deals with findings, recommendation and conclusion.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
At the commencement of coal mining in Enugu in 1915, Aguowa received many immigrants from where the commute to the city to partake in coal boom as at that time. By and large, the rural settlement experienced rapid population growth and since it was at the outskirt of Enugu central, it was not subjected to building regulations and codes; hence houses constructed of handy materials sprang up all over the settlement. Thus the area was crowded with poor housing structures most disorderly located. The settlement has grown and developed in an unplanned manner resulting in the decline of property values and social status of the estate environment. While the dwellers show no indifference to the poor conditions of the urban environment, the city government agencies responsible for planning and managing the urban environment and regulating urban life displayed a mark of ineffectiveness in the discharge of their duties.
This condition consequently brought a spontaneous development of sub-standard dwelling, devoid of essential amenities, estate roads, drainage, ventilation, recreational facilities, refuse disposal facilities etc. lack of all these eventually both the available infrastructures and building consign obsolescence and subsequently the slum. Due to this burning issue of slum, the researcher is set to evaluate the effect on property values at Aguowa, its states of evaluation in the study area taking note of both its immediate and remote causes. In other to established and the effect of this slum on property values the researches reduces the population of study which is it properties in the two 92) residential neighbourhoods of Aguowa (namely Trans − Ekulu and Federal Housing Estate).
Stratified random sampling method was used to collect data for the study.
1.1 Background Of Study
Aguowa area is the native home land of the Nike people. The land is the freehold property of the people, as a result of this, some families were able to lease or sell land to non indigenous when the expansion of the Enugu urban centre aught up with the area sometime in 1955. Some of the none indigenes erected houses while others employed the services of licensed surveyors to demarcate the portion of their land in anticipation of erecting structures which would comply with the building bye laws as approve by the municipal council.
Unfortunately, the native authority could not control development in this area, until Enugu was declared as planning area, on 14th September, 1958. Even with the declaration, development continued haphazardly in total disregard of town planning regulation. Uncontrolled development within the area and increases urban population in Enugu led to the blighting of the neighbourhood.
The environmental conditions are considered very poor and dangerous to health. This is partly due to the public attitude towards waste disposal and to the inefficiency and ineffectiveness.
1.2 Statement Of The Problems
“Aguowa Jungle” is characterized by slum condition like blighted structure, over crowding, high occupancy ratio mostly by low income group, under supply of public amenities, bade roads etc. This observation made the researcher interested in trying to examine the effect of this condition (slum) on property values and hence the research work.
1.3 Objective Of The Study
The objective of this study is as follows: −
- To identify the causes of slum in the study area as well as the indicator of slum environment.
- To find out whether the property value including rental and captial values of landed properties are low or high in Aguowa as a result of slum condition.
- To establish whether the slum has a negative or positive effect on property value in the study area.
- To establish whether slum environment makes investment in real estate and property market transactions, a viable venture.
- To recommend the best strategy towards eradicating the slum of Aguowa area and hence create a suitable environment that will enhance the property value in the area.
1.4 Research Question
To investigate the research problem earlier stated and to rightly address the focus of this study more objectively, certain questions have been raised. It is believed that obtaining the right answers to these questions has been raised. It is believed that obtaining the right ensures to these questions will led to the achievement of the objectives of the study.
The questions are as follows:
- Is there any significant manifestation of slum in the study area when compared with other surrounding layouts?
- Does slum have any significant impact (positive or negative) on property values in Aguowa?
- If positive urban planning strategy is applied to the slum area, will thee be any significant effect on real estate values within the slum area?
1.5 Theatrical Foundation Of The Study
This work is based on theory of the highest and best use of land. This is meant to mean the optimum use of land and land resources (Baco 1932). This is the use of land in such a manners a manner as to provide and optimum return to their owners, or to society. Aguowe area is not being put to its highest and best use and that calls for the significance of this study.
1.6 Significance Of The Study
The study identifies the types of slum in the study area and elsewhere and has clearly portrayed the need for an urban planning policy and also a determined resolve to clear a slum environment so as to enjoy the benefits of real estate environment through the enhanced property values.
The study will also be of very relevance to the practicing estate surveyors and the banking institutions that might need real estate as collateral for providing credit facilities for the conditions of the properties and neghbourhoods when carrying out mortgage and insurance valuations as well as other valuation purposes. Of course a property located in a slum environment will not make for good collaterals for a bank loan because of low returns. The study will also be benefited to the residents of Aguowa because to the recommendations are implemented; they will enjoy a clean and healthy environment.
1.7 Delimitation Of Study
This study is restricted to the development of slum in Aguowa of Enugu Central local government area. The investigation will consider the environmental, socio economic demographic, transportation, infrastructural and housing amenities conditions relevant to enhance estate setting as well as property values.
1.8 Limitations
The limitations of this study included those like time, financial constraint, lack of sufficient relevant data which the research would have used to give a sufficiently new approach to this form of study.
1.9 Overview Of The Study
The study starts with an introductory chapter on the research problem and other related issues.
Chapter two dwells on literature review, throwing more lights on slum, concept of slum, types of slum, attributes of slum, causes of blight and factors leading to slum formation, types of slum, role of slum, history of slum, etc.
Chapter three talked about the research methodology, research method and design, source of data, data collection and instrument for data analysis.
Chapter four deals with data presentation and analysis while chapter five deals with the findings, recommendation and conclusions.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Effect of Slum on Property Values can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Effect of Slum on Property Values" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Effect of Slum on Property Values" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is the topic “Effect of Sustainable Infrastructural Development on Economic Development of Nigeria” recommended for Accountancy / Accounting Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — In this research work on the effect of sustainable infrastructural development on economic development of Nigeria. The researcher examined the effect of sustainable infrastructure on the gross domestic product (GDP)of Nigeria. The impact of infrastructural development on the Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) of Nigeria. Explore the impact that infrastructural development has on Nigeria’s economic growth. Data for the study was sourced through CBN Annual report and journal articles related to the subjects matter. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS. The results of the study shows that The results as presented in the coeficiente revealed that calculated t-statistics (t = -2.723) for parameter GDP is greater than tabulated t-statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The regression equation also revealed …
Can the material for “The Biology Teachers’ State of Readiness for Integrating ICT in Teaching and Learning in Selected Schools” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — This study investigated the biology teachers’ state of readiness for integrating ICT in teaching and learning in selected schools in Kososfe Local Government Area, Lagos state. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The population for this study comprised all teachers and Senior Secondary School Students (male and female) in Kosofe Local Government Area, Lagos state. A simple random sampling technique was used in arriving at selection of Three hundred Senior Secondary School Students and teachers in Senior Secondary Schools in Kosofe Local Government in Lagos State formed the sample for this study. Specifically, four secondary schools were selected from Kosofe Local Government, Lagos State. Forty students and ten teachers were randomly selected from each of the schools resulting …
Can the material for “Effect of Capital Structure on Earnings Per Share of Conglomerate Firms” be used as a guide for Accountancy / Accounting Project?
Yes it can be used — The topic of study is the Effect of capital structure on earnings per share of conglomerate firms in Nigeria. The researcher applied the expo facto research design. The researcher used the correlation and regression. Above methods in the analysis of the data. The findings of the study shows that: Debt equity influences the earnings per share of conglomerate firms in Nigeria. That time interest earned has significant effect on the earnings per share of conglomerate firms in Nigeria, and that long term debt has significant effect on the earnings per share of conglomerate firms in Nigeria. Based on these findings the researcher recommended the following; the researcher recommends that management of conglomerate should work very hard to optimize the capital …
Can the material for “Issues and Challenges of Retirement of Civil Servant” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work is poised to look into the ‘’Issues and Challenges of Retirement of Civil Servant’’ (A case study of Kogi State Public Service) The research work is divided into five chapters with each chapter linking each other. The objectives of the research include: to investigate the issues and challenges in retirement as they affect civil servants in Kogi State. Two methods of data collection were used i.e. The primary and secondary sources of data and the data was analyzed using simple percentage method for easy understanding. The findings revealed that most civil servants are troubled and worried about retirement and because of that, old men who are due for retirement refuse to retire by cutting down their age. …
Can the material for “Antibacterial Activity of salvia officinalis against typhoidal salmonella species” be used as a guide for Microbiology Project?
Yes it can be used — Salvia officinalis L. from the family Lamiaceae, is a worldwide cultivated aromatic herb that is endemic. Investigation reveals the following problems of the synergistic activity of salvia officinalis (sage leaf) and antibiotics against typhoidal salmonella species research work; improper evaluate of the synergistic activities of S. officinalis against typhoidal salmonella species, lack of proper information relating to the estimation of the total phenol content (TPC) and flavonoid content (FC) of S. Officinalis (Sage Leaf), and Improper investigation of the gas chromatography (GC) analysis conditions and disc diffusion method used during synergistic activities. The aim of the Study is to investigate the synergistic activity of salvia officinalis (sage leaf) and antibiotics against typhoidal salmonella species; In achieving this aim, the following …
Can the material for “The Negative Impact of Women and Child Trafficking” be used as a guide for Sociology Project?
Yes it can be used — This study was intended to study the negative impact of human trafficking on women and children. This study was guided by the following objectives; to examine the impact of human trafficking on the economy of Nigeria. To examine the efforts of government in stamping out human trafficking. To see the effect of trafficking in the society. To determine the efforts of law enforcement agencies in the fight against human trafficking. The study employed the descriptive and explanatory design; questionnaires in addition to library research were applied in order to collect data. Primary data sources were used and data was analyzed using the pearson correlation statistical tool at 5% level of significance which was presented in frequency tables and percentage. The respondents …
Can the material for “Acquisition and Reservation System for Football Stadium Ticket” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Football Stadium is a centerpiece for the hosting of major events especially sport events such as football. It is one thing to have a stadium, and it’s another thing to manage it. Ticket acquisition is a vital aspect of stadium management. The aim of the Study is to develop a football stadium ticket acquisition system that will help in the recording and managing of financial income and booking of seats in the stadium for each registered game or event. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to develop an automated system for ticket acquisition for Akwa Ibom International football stadium, facilitate easy booking and management of ticket based on available seats and develop a system that …
Can the material for “Knowledge, Accessibility and Use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) Among Students and Teachers” be used as a guide for Nursing (Science) Project?
Yes it can be used — People over time, have devised various techniques for communicating their thoughts, needs and desires to others in every aspect of life. The emergence of ICT has affected all aspects of human life, including education at all levels. ICT knowledge, accessibility and use are linked with higher efficiency and higher productivity. Undergraduate nursing students and their teachers occupy a central position in both educational and health care systems of any country. This study was carried out to investigate the knowledge, accessibility and use of ICT among students and teachers in the Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. A descriptive cross sectional survey design was used. All the 454 undergraduate students in the Department of Nursing and 23 teachers comprised …
Can the material for “Financial Accounting Information as an Aid to Managerial Decision Making” be used as a guide for Accountancy / Accounting Project?
Yes it can be used — Financial accounting information aids in profit making, budgeting and cost control. The study was carried out to examine the Financial Accounting Information as an Aid to Managerial Decision Making. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to ascertain of there is any relationship between effective use of financial accounting information and the decisions made in an organization, ascertain whether company performance is related to efficient and effective use of financial accounting information and determine factors that may constrain or promote the effective use of financial accounting information. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents …
Can the material for “A Critical Review of the Courses and Possible Control in the Nigerian Banking Industry” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be used — Bank distress in Nigeria has reached a crisis point that it has become a key issue for discussion of all within and outside the banking industry. It is undoubtedly one of the biggest and most serious issues facing our society today. In 1993, it was discovered and reported that out of 116 (one hundred and sixteen) banks in Nigeria 57 (fifty seven) of them were distressed on average of 48%. This has affected the depositions, the industry, that is the banking industry, government and staff of the affected banks adversely. Objectives The researcher understand that the distress in the Nigerian banking industry and the increasing wave of financial malpractice in banks if not arrested will lead to the collapse of the Nigerian economy. In …