EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF PLANT HORMONE (IAA) ON ROOT INITIATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) is a monocotyledonous, herbaceous, tropical plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. It’s a perennial plant usually grown as an annual crop. The crop is native to southern Asia mainly in India and china from where it spread to most tropical and subtropical countries. The plant is erect, has many fibrous roots, aerial shoots (pseudo stem) with leaves, and the underground stem (rhizome) where the ginger spice is obtained (Vasala, 2012). The roots of ginger are of two types, fibrous and fleshy. After planting, many roots having indefinite growth grow out of the base of the sprouts. These are the fibrous roots, and the number of such roots keeps on increasing with the growth of tillers. These fibrous roots are thin, have root hairs (Ravindran and Babu, 2016).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) is a perennial herb that grows from underground rhizomes. The rhizomes are often mistakenly called the “roots”. Botanically, it is the rhizome that is characterised with the slightly hot, citrus-like taste and aroma. Ginger belongs to the family, Zingiberaceae. Members of the family are mostly advance monocotyledonous plants and are rhizomatous herbs. They are found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions but are mainly distributed in Asia. Ginger is the tenth most important spice in the world (McGee, 2004). Ginger rhizomes are used in pharmaceutical industries. It is rich in secondary metabolites such as oleoresin (Bhagyalakshmi and Singh, 1988). The demand for fresh and dry ginger and its essential oil in the world market is high. Ginger is propagated vegetatively using underground rhizomes. Most farmers use planting materials saved from previous harvest. These materials could have been sold for cash. Contingent on this, many farmers are reluctant to use healthy succulent rhizomes for planting. These are rather sold thereby resulting in shortage of planting materials.
Tissue culture technique can be applied to mass-produce seedlings for distribution to ginger farmers. This however, is not cost effective now due to lack of the necessary materials required for tissue culture. Most of the materials for tissue culture are not locally available and are therefore procured at high amount. One of such materials is the gelling agent, agar. Agar represents one of the most expensive tissue culture media components. It is widely used for preparing solid and semisolid plant tissue culture media because it withstands temperatures of about 1000C without being denatured (Scholten and Pierik, 1998). Therefore, establishment of plant micro propagation laboratories must be based on cost effectiveness. Gelatin that is cheaper when used at a concentration of 100g/1 is currently not widely used because it denatures at 250C. Methocel (methyl cellulose) an alginate is also cheaper than Agar. However, Adaoha and Roscoe (1982) observed that there are two disadvantages associated with the use of alginates. The first is that solutions cannot be autoclaved without alginate breakdown during sterilization at high temperatures. The second disadvantage is that, alginate reacts with divalent metal cations (Be2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+) which may cause nutrient deprivation.
Ginger has no information on the primary centers of domestication since ginger rhizomes can be easily transported over long distances and spread all over the tropics and subtropics hence the most dominantly grown spice as discussed by Ravindran and Babu (2016). Dinesh (2017) stated that ginger is one of the earliest known oriental spice. Ginger was introduced in East Africa by the Arabs in the thirteenth century (Okwuowulu, 2016).
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Effect of Different Concentrations of IAA (Plant Hormone) on Root Initiation.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that ginger producers lack appropriate skills, knowledge and information on ginger plant hormone (Geta and Kifle, 2011). The producers are not aware of market information like value chain information including price at the end markets, demand situation and quality of the products. These compel them to sell at relatively low price. The determinants of this profit are also not known well. This is partly due to limited research on horticultural crops. Lack of such knowledge makes it uncertain to the traders as to what prices to charge, and at what frequency to trade. If this uncertainty is not urgently addressed, many traders will be driven out of retail ginger trade, to the detriment of Nigeria’s economy.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to investigate the Effect of Different Concentrations of IAA (Plant Hormone) on Root Initiation. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To investigate the effect of different concentrations of plant hormone on root initiation.
- To determine the best pre-initiation treatment for in-vitro ginger multiplication.
- To compare agar gelled medium with cassava gelled medium in in-vitro propagation of ginger at the initiation stage.
- To determine the effect of plant growth hormones – auxin and cytokinin on in-vitro propagation of ginger using agar as a gelling agent.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What is the effect of different concentrations of plant hormone on root initiation?
- What is the best pre-initiation treatment for in-vitro ginger multiplication?
- What is the effect of plant growth hormones – auxin and cytokinin on in-vitro propagation of ginger using agar as a gelling agent?
- What is the linkage between agar gelled medium with cassava gelled medium in in-vitro propagation of ginger at the initiation stage?
1.6 Significance of Study
This study will be of immense benefit to plant scientist and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.7 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the Effect of Different Concentrations of IAA (Plant Hormone) on Root Initiation in Nigeria.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
1.9 Definition of Terms
Ginger: Ginger is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Effect of Different Concentrations of Plant Hormone (IAA) on Root Initiation can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Effect of Different Concentrations of Plant Hormone (IAA) on Root Initiation" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- ⋮
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Effect of Different Concentrations of Plant Hormone (IAA) on Root Initiation" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can this topic “Design and Implementation of a Software for the Computation of Students CGPA” be used for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Comprehensive Grade Point Average (CGPA) Computation System is the process of calculating students GP and record in the primary, secondary school and higher institution of learning. This project deals with the calculation of Grade Point (GP) in higher institution. The existing method in Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri is the tedious manual process therefore the write up consists of detail of grade point and the various problems associated with it. The objective of this project now is to provide a more authentic reliable and efficient Grade Point Average Computation System to minimize the errors and the tedious nature of the manual system. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that grades are not based on effort, …
Can the material for “English Language Skills Needed by Secretarial Students in Higher Institutions” be used as a guide for Office Technology and Management (OTM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The English Language skills of secretarial students in writing, reading, and speaking at work are very important to know. Language skills have become more and more essential in all academic and occupational environments in today’s world. The study examines the English Language Skills Needed by Secretarial Students in Higher Institutions. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the spelling and speaking skill needed by secretariat students, examine the literary appreciation and punctuation skills needed by secretarial students, determine the impact of English language skills on productivity of secretarial students in higher institutions, and assess the relationship between English language skills and productivity of secretarial students in higher institutions. The research design used in this …
Can the material for “Establishment and Management of a Small Scale Poultry farm” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This work has its main objectives as the determination of investment potentials in poultry farming at Omuma. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, this is the first conscious attempts to address this issue as it affects the suitability at Omuma for poultry farm. Chapter one is the introduction. It covers such preliminary information like the General Background of the study, Problems associated with the study, Problems that the study will be concerned, the importance of studying area. Definition of important terms. Chapter two is literature review. Literature is reviewed under six major headings: the origin of the study matters. The school of thought to the problem study, different method of solving the problem of the study, summary and references. Chapter three is …
Can the material for “The Policy of Privatization and Commercialization of Public Enterprises in Nigeria: An Appraisal of Telecommunication” be used as a guide for Political Science Project?
Yes it can be used — It is because of social issues like economic inequalities, unemployment that made the state to interfere in economy of Nigeria. Government chose public sector as a means or medium for economic and social development due to poor managerial skill, weak technological base etc, this enhanced the zeal to establish various enterprise institutions in Nigeria. Then, due to inadequate capital and lack of finance, public enterprises in Nigeria are confronted with many problems by the employees, managers and political interference in affairs of public enterprises. The project title is the policy of privatization and commercialization of public enterprises in Nigeria: An appraisal of telecommunication. The problems are; is political interference and mismanagement of resources responsible for the poor performance of public enterprises …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized Court Schedule System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Computerized court scheduling system is an application program designed to effectively store and retrieve court scheduled date and venue during court case hearing or adjournment using the computer system. The aim of the study is to design and implement a Computerized Court Schedule System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will ensure effective storage and retrieval system in the court of law using computer system and provide facilities that will ensure easy updating and maintenance of the system. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the manual court proceedings schedules are clumsy and insufficient. Also, there is tendency of some Federal …
Can the material for “The Impact of Taxation on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Economics Project?
Yes it can be used — The work was on the impact of taxation on foreign direct investment in Nigeria (1970-2009), dealing with secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the National Bureau of Statistics. Regression analysis with (OLS) technique was used. Our findings indicate that there is a positive correlation between government expenditure, manufacturing output, inflation and foreign direct investment (FDI). However, company tax was negatively correlated. Based on these findings, we found out that taxation has contributed insignificantly to foreign direct investment (FDI) and therefore recommend that, government intensifies efforts towards positive fiscal policy reform by encouraging foreign direct investment (FDI) through low corporate tax rates and identify and implement instruments including control of inflation that encourage foreign direct investment. …
Is the topic “Employee’s Performance in Lead Way Assurance Company, Kaduna” recommended for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The research work undertaken is on “Impact of recruitment and Selection Procedure on Employee’s Performance” a case study of Lead Way Assurance Company, Kaduna. For the research work to be adequately understood the researcher introduced the subject matter by highlighting the statement of the general problem, the researcher hopes to get with kin interest the importance attached to impact of recruitment and Selection especially as it affects the organization. Also the researcher hopes to find out problems associated in Recruitment and selection and it emphasis the importance and variable that will bring about good decision within the organization. Also the research project touched the method of gathering data use in this study, the use of primary method was used which …
Can the material for “Determination of Enzymes Presence in Starch Processing From Maize” be used as a guide for Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to determine the enzymes presence in starch processing from maize. The Anatomy of this research work encompasses the ordinary look of enzymes as organic molecules, rather it sheds more light into the comprehensive view and determination of the catalytic and specific activity enzymes particularly - DIASTASE, MALTASE and ZYMASE can exploit in industrial application, also critically important is the selective ways of providing fundamental data which allows the society-particularly small-scale brewers to understand and exploit the chemistry of fermentation by enzymes. The method employed in this project involves three processes namely: the preparation of the enzymes by fermentation, preparation of the starch substrate from maize and the overall process development involving both the products of …
Is the topic “The Effect of Computerization on the Growth, Viability and Profitability” recommended for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — The main purpose of this project is to study the effect of this project on the growth, viability and profitability of First Bank Plc. To achieve this objective successfully. The researcher has to take into consideration the meaning of computer as an electronic devices. The researcher also has to consider the misconceptions about computer. It is seen as a tools of estimation of the amount of work involved and hindrance to computer application ion first bank Plc. The effect of computerization, growth liability and profitability in First Bank can be said to bring reduction in administrative cost and staff level and introduction of disciplinary measures which has led to increase in efficiency. The conclusion reached was that certain problems are encountered by First bank …
Can the material for “An Assessment of the Aspects of Migili Morphology” be used as a guide for Linguistics and Communication Project?
Yes it can be used — Morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies the compatibility of such combinations and proposes the rules for their formation. The study was carried out to assess the Aspects of Migili Morphology. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the morphological processes attested by the Migili language structure, ascertain the functions of morphemes in Migili language structure and examine the Migili language and expose its morphological aspects. Investigation revealed that there is information insufficiency of the aspects of migili morphology. This is not to say, however, that traditional analogy is not without some problems. As has frequently been pointed out, it often seems unconstrained, and there is an element of unpredictability with it. Primary …